scholarly journals Wheat thioredoxin (TaTrxh1) associates with the RD19-like cysteine protease TaCP1 to defend against stripe rust fungus through the modulation of programmed cell death.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Shi ◽  
Xinbei Zhao ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Zihui Dong ◽  
Qichao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Two Hybrid

Thioredoxins (Trxs) function within the antioxidant network through modulation of the redox reaction(s) involved in oxidative-stress signaling. Given their function in regulating cellular redox, Trx proteins also fulfill key roles in plant immune signaling. Here, TaTrxh1, encoding a subgroup h member of the thioredoxin family, was identified and cloned in wheat (Triticum aestivum), which was rapidly induced by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) invasion and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Overexpression of TaTrxh1 in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) induced cell death. Silencing of TaTrxh1 in wheat enhanced susceptibility to Pst in different aspects, including ROS accumulation and pathogen-responsive, or related, gene expression. Herein, we observed that the cellular concentration of SA was significantly reduced in TaTrxh1-silenced plants, indicating that TaTrxh1 possibly regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust through a SA-associated defense signaling pathway. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify TaTrxh1-interacting partners, we further show that interaction with TaCP1 (a RD19-like cysteine protease), and subsequent silencing of TaCP1 reduced wheat resistance to Pst. In total, the data presented herein demonstrate that TaTrxh1 enhances wheat resistance against Pst via SA-dependent resistance signaling and that TaTrxh1 interaction with TaCP1 is required for wheat resistance to stripe rust.

scholarly journals Microtubule Polymerization Functions in Hypersensitive Response and Accumulation of H2O2in Wheat Induced by the Stripe Rust

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xinjie Liu ◽  
Yuanliu Xu ◽  
Qing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Microtubule Inhibitor ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Plant Cytoskeleton

The plant cytoskeleton, including microtubules and microfilaments, is one of the important factors in determining the polarity of cell division and growth, as well as the interaction of plants with invading pathogens. In defense responses of wheat against the stripe rust (Puccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici) infection, hypersensitive response is the most crucial event to prevent the spread of pathogens. In order to reveal the effect of microtubules on the hypersensitive cell death and H2O2accumulation in the interaction of wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Suwon 11 with an incompatible race, CYR23, wheat leaves were treated with microtubule inhibitor, oryzalin, before inoculation. The results showed that the frequency of infection sites with hypersensitive response occurrence was significantly reduced, and hypersensitive cell death in wheat leaves was suppressed compared to the control. In addition, the frequency and the incidence of infected cells with H2O2accumulation were also reduced after the treatment with oryzalin. Those results indicated that microtubules are related to hypersensitive response and H2O2accumulation in wheat induced by the stripe rust, and depolymerization of microtubules reduces the resistance of plants to pathogen infection in incompatible interaction, suggesting that microtubules play a potential role in the expression of resistance of wheat against the stripe rust fungus.

scholarly journals Virulence Characterization of Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia and Evaluation of Ethiopian Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Races of the Pathogen from Ethiopia and the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Wan ◽  
Kebede T. Muleta ◽  
Habtemariam Zegeye ◽  
Bekele Hundie ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Additional Information

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia. In total, 97 isolates were recovered from stripe rust samples collected in Ethiopia in 2013 and 2014. These isolates were tested on a set of 18 Yr single-gene differentials for characterization of races and 7 supplementary differentials for additional information of virulence. Of 18 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races identified, the 5 most predominant races were PSTv-105 (21.7%), PSTv-106 (17.5%), PSTv-107 (11.3%), PSTv-76 (10.3%), and PSTv-41 (6.2%). High frequencies (>40%) were detected for virulence to resistance genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27, Yr28, Yr31, Yr43, Yr44, YrExp2, and YrA. Low frequencies (<40%) were detected for virulence to Yr10, Yr24, Yr32, YrTr1, Hybrid 46, and Vilmorin 23. None of the isolates were virulent to Yr5, Yr15, YrSP, and YrTye. Among the six collection regions, Arsi Robe and Tiyo had the highest virulence diversities, followed by Bekoji, while Bale and Holeta had the lowest. Evaluation of 178 Ethiopian wheat cultivars and landraces with two of the Ethiopian races and three races from the United States indicated that the Ethiopian races were more virulent on the germplasm than the predominant races of the United States. Thirteen wheat cultivars or landraces that were resistant or moderately resistant to all five tested races should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stripe rust in both countries.

scholarly journals Novel DnaJ Protein Facilitates Thermotolerance of Transgenic Tomatoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Wang ◽  
Guohua Cai ◽  
Na Xu ◽  
Litao Zhang ◽  
Xiuling Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dnaj Protein ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid System ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Transgenic Tomatoes ◽  
Two Hybrid

DnaJ proteins, which are molecular chaperones that are widely present in plants, can respond to various environmental stresses. At present, the function of DnaJ proteins was studied in many plant species, but only a few studies were conducted in tomato. Here, we examined the functions of a novel tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) DnaJ protein (SlDnaJ20) in heat tolerance using sense and antisense transgenic tomatoes. Transient conversion assays of Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that SlDnaJ20 was targeted to chloroplasts. Expression analysis showed that SlDnaJ20 expression was induced by chilling, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, and H2O2, especially via heat stress. Under heat stress, sense plants showed higher fresh weights, chlorophyll content, fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and D1 protein levels, and a lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than antisense plants. These results suggest that SlDnaJ20 overexpression can reduce the photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) by relieving ROS accumulation. Moreover, higher expression levels of HsfA1 and HsfB1 were observed under heat stress in sense plants, indicating that SlDnaJ20 overexpression contributes to HSF expression. The yeast two-hybrid system proved that SlDnaJ20 can interact with the chloroplast heat-shock protein 70. Our results indicate that SlDnaJ20 overexpression enhances the thermotolerance of transgenic tomatoes, whereas suppression of SlDnaJ20 increases the heat sensitivity of transgenic tomatoes.

A Cell-Death-Defying Factor, Anamorsin, Contributes Cell Growth through Binding with PICOT and Inactivation of PKCs and p38MAPK.

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 1552-1552
Author(s):  
Hirohiko Shibayama ◽  
Yuri Saito ◽  
Akira Tanimura ◽  
Hirokazu Tanaka ◽  
Itaru Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Two Hybrid

Abstract Abstract 1552 [Background] Anamorsin (also called CIAPIN-1) is a cell-death-defying factor, which was originally isolated as a molecule that conferred resistance to apoptosis induced by growth factor starvation. Anamorsin is ubiquitously expressed in various organs, including hematopoietic tissues like bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. Anamorsin-deficient (AM KO) mice die in late gestation. AM KO embryos are anemic and the size of the embryos is very small. It is thought that anamorsin plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during late and/or terminal stages of differentiation and embryogenesis. Anamorsin does not show any homology to known apoptosis and cell growth regulatory molecules such as Bcl-2 family, caspase family, or signal transduction molecules. (J Exp Med 199: 581–592, 2004) Anamorsin is composed of a methyltransferase domain in the N-terminal region and a hypothetical Zn-ribbon-like motif in the C-terminal region, however, the precise biological effects of anamorsin remained to be elucidated. [Methods & Results] In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms of the anamorsin functions, we have performed the yeast-two-hybrid assay to identify anamorsin-interacting molecules and found that PICOT (PKCθ interacting cousin of thioredoxin) preferentially bound to anamorsin. Next, we tried to determine the binding sites of anamorsin and PICOT with the yeast-two-hybrid assays by using their several deletion mutants and found that the N-terminal region (11-180aa) of anamorsin and the N-terminal region (18-117aa) of PICOT were essential for binding each other. Furthermore, we tried to examine the signaling pathways by using murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells produced from E-14.5 AM KO or wild type (WT) embryos. The proliferation of AM KO MEF cells was quite retarded compared with that of WT MEF cells. It is found that the phosphorylation states of ERK1/2, NFkB, and AKT were similar both in AM KO MEF cells and WT MEF cells, while PKCθ, PKCδ and p38 MAPK were more phosphorylated in AM KO MEF cells than in WT MEF cells. The expression of cyclin D1, the target molecule of p38 MAPK, was down-regulated in AM KO MEF cells. The PKC inhibitor, Rottlerin, blocked p38 MAPK phosphorylation and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, restored the expression of cyclin D1 and the cell growth of AM KO MEF cells. [Conclusion] P38 MAPK, the stress activated MAPK, and PKCs have been known to link to cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and also to be essential for cell survival in response to various stimuli. From our results, it was thought that PKCθ, PKCδ, and p38 MAPK activation lead to cell cycle retardation of AM KO MEF cells and anamorsin might negatively regulate PKCθ, PKCδ, and p38 MAPK cooperatively with PICOT in MEF cells. This study clarified a novel mechanism of the anamorsin functions. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The Arabidopsis thaliana papain-like cysteine protease RD21 interacts with a root-knot nematode effector protein

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Davies ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Axel A. Elling
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Yeast Two Hybrid ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Two Hybrid

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne chitwoodi secretes effector proteins into the cells of host plants to manipulate plant-derived processes in order to achieve successful parasitism. Mc1194 is a M. chitwoodi effector that is highly expressed in pre-parasitic second-stage juvenile nematodes. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed Mc1194 specifically interacts with a papain-like cysteine protease (PLCP), RD21A in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mc1194 interacts with both the protease and granulin domains of RD21A. PLCPs are targeted by effectors secreted by bacterial, fungal and oomycete pathogens and the hypersusceptibility of rd21-1 mutants to M. chitwoodi indicates RD21A plays a role in plant-parasitic nematode infection.

scholarly journals Small RNAs from the wheat stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Mueth ◽  
Sowmya R. Ramachandran ◽  
Scot H. Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Yunnan, China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Md. Ashraful Alam ◽  
Haoxing Li ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Mingju Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus ◽  
And Migration

The stripe rust of wheat is one of the devastating diseases in China, which is caused by fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). The Yunnan Province of China is located in the south-western part, and holds distinctive geographical and climate features, while wheat growth and epidemics of stripe rust fungus are fully dissimilar to the major wheat-growing regions of China. It is important to discover its origin and migration to control the disease. In this study, 352 isolates were sampled from 11 spots of the Yunnan Province during the wheat growing season from 2004 to 2015 and analyzed with SNPs markers of housekeeping genes. Results revealed that 220 haplotypes were inferred from the concatenating sequences; among them, 5 haplotypes (viz., ‘H86′, ‘H18′, ‘H8′, ‘H15′ and ‘H23′) comprised over 24.5% of the population. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, mutation rate and recombination events were 0.992, 6.04 × 10−3, 4.46 × 10−3 and 18.0 respectively, which revealed the genetic diversity of Pst populations among all locations. Four grouping methods, such as UPGMA-tree, PCA, PLS-DA and STRUCTURE, were employed for the categorization of the Pst populations conferring to their races and topographical localities. All methods were found significant and mostly had co-linear relations with each other. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) conferred total variation was 9.09%, and 86.20% of variation was within the populations. The current study also exposed a comparatively high genetic multiplicity within the population, while low genetic inconsistency among the populations. Furthermore, the molecular records on the gene pole (Nm = 18.45) established that the migration of the stripe rust pathogen occurred among all locations in Yunnan province. The ancestral haplotype was detected in Yuxi. Based on the trajectories of upper airflow and genetic diversity of Pst populations in different locations, it is suggested that the locations Dehong, Dali, Lincang and Baoshan are probably a major source of Pst in Yunnan.

A novel narnavirus isolated from the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1014
Author(s):  
Yanhui Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiaofei Liang ◽  
Li Zheng ◽  
Zhensheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus

TaMDAR6acts as a negative regulator of plant cell death and participates indirectly in stomatal regulation during the wheat stripe rust-fungus interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Awaad Abou-Attia ◽  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Mohamed Nashaat Al-Attala ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Gangming Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Stomatal Regulation ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus

scholarly journals Point Inoculation Method for Measuring Adult Plant Response of Wheat to Stripe Rust Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem H. P. Boshoff ◽  
Renée Prins ◽  
Corneli de Klerk ◽  
Simon G. Krattinger ◽  
Cornelia M. Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Water Proof

Depending on the pathogenicity of the stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the nature of resistance in the wheat host plant, and the environment, a broad range of disease phenotypes can be expressed. Therefore, the phenotyping of partial adult plant stripe rust resistance requires reliable and repeatable procedures, especially under controlled conditions. In this study, the development of a flag leaf point inoculation method, which resulted in a 100% initial infection rate, is reported. Flag leaf inoculations were achieved by placing 6-mm antibiotic test paper discs, dipped into a urediniospore and water suspension and covered with water-proof plastic tape, on the adaxial side of leaves. Results from independent trials allowed for the statistical comparison of stripe rust lesion expansion rate in wheat entries that differ in resistance. The technique is inexpensive, reliable, and applicable to routine screening for adult plant response type, quantitative comparison of stripe rust progress, environmental influences, and pathogenicity of different isolates.

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