First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne arenaria Race 2 from Several Vegetable Crops in Jordan

Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood (race 2) is reported for the first time in Jordan. The nematode populations were recovered from several vegetable crops, including tomato (Lycopersicon esulentum Mill), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), at Dier Alla in the northern area of the Jordan Valley. Symptoms included root galling, leaf chlorosis, and stunting. Galled plant root samples were collected during a survey conducted from May 2002 to August 2003 covering most of the irrigated agricultural areas of Jordan. Eighty-three Meloidogyne spp. populations were collected from various vegetable crops and fruit trees. Identification to species and race levels of the nematode populations was based on combination of currently available methods including nematode morphology, host preference based on the North Carolina (NC) differential host test (1), and cytogenetics and DNA-fingerprinting. Seventy of the eighty-three collected populations were identified as M. javanica, five as M. incognita (race 1), three as M. incognita (race 2), and five as M. arenaria (race 2). The perineal patterns of M. arenaria were characterized by a low, round to indented dorsal arch near the lateral field with irregular forks in the lateral field, fine smooth striae, and a distinct whorl. Race 2 was identified with the NC differential host test. Cytogenetic studies indicated that M. arenaria populations were triploid with an average of 52.2 chromosomes, while the populations of M. incognita (race 1), M. incognita (race 2), and M. javanica were hypotriploid with an average of 45.2, 46.1, and 46.7 chromosomes, respectively. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays were used to confirm species identification and to study genetic variability of the Meloidogyne spp. populations including sequence characterized amplified regions (SCAR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In the SCAR-PCR-based assay (2), typical DNA products of 420, 670, or 1,200 bp in size were amplified by using extracted DNA of M. arenaria (race 2), M. javanica, or M. incognita (race 1 or 2), respectively, as template DNA. The RAPD-PCR primer, OPA-01, produced DNA patterns with bands that clearly distinguished M. arenaria from the other two Meloidogyne spp. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the root-knot nematode, M. arenaria race 2, in Jordan. References: (1) A. Taylor and J. Sasser, North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, NC, 1978. (2) C. Zijlstra et al. Nematology 2:847, 2000.

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Characterization of Resistance Conferred by the N gene to Meloidogyne arenaria Races 1 and 2, M. hapla, and M. javanica in Two Sets of Isogenic Lines of Capsicum annuum L.

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.125.1.71 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Judy A. Thies ◽

Richard L. Fery

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

N Gene ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Meloidogyne Hapla ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2

Two isogenic sets of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) lines (differing at the N root-knot nematode resistance locus) were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood races 1 and 2, M. hapla Chitwood, and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood in greenhouse and growth chamber tests. The isogenic sets of C. annuum were `Charleston Belle' (NN) and `Keystone Resistant Giant' (nn-recurrent parent), and `Carolina Wonder' (NN) and `Yolo Wonder B' (nn-recurrent parent). Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 is pathogenic to C. annuum. `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' exhibited high resistance to M. arenaria race 1. Their respective recurrent backcross parents, `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. arenaria. Meloidogyne arenaria race 2 and M. javanica are not highly pathogenic to pepper. However, `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' both exhibited higher (P≤0.05) resistance to M. arenaria race 2 and M. javanica than `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B'. Meloidogyne hapla is pathogenic to pepper. Both `Charleston Belle' and `Carolina Wonder' and their respective recurrent parents, `Keystone Resistant Giant' and `Yolo Wonder B', were susceptible to M. hapla. We concluded that the N gene confers resistance to M. arenaria races 1 and 2, and M. javanica in C. annuum, but the N gene does not condition resistance to M. hapla.

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New Host Races of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica from Horticultural Regions of Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-2-0180 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 180-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. Robertson ◽

M. A. Díez-Rojo ◽

J. A. López-Pérez ◽

A. Piedra Buena ◽

M. Escuer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Specific Primers ◽

New Host ◽

Differential Host ◽

Race 1 ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

New Races ◽

Species Specific ◽

Susceptible Tomato

In total, 140 populations of the genus Meloidogyne collected from representative horticultural regions of Spain and maintained at the Department of Agroecology, Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Madrid were characterized using perineal morphology, sequenced characterized amplified region polymerase chain reaction with species-specific primers, and bioassay. Using a modified North Carolina differential host test as a basis, 13 Meloidogyne populations did not fit into the published race scheme. These populations had very limited host ranges, reproducing only on susceptible tomato cv. Marmande and sometimes also on tobacco cv. NC95 and the pepper cv. Sonar in the case of Meloidogyne arenaria. They did not reproduce on cotton or peanut. The species and new races were identified as M. incognita races 5 (6 populations) and 6 (2 populations) and M. javanica race 5 (2 populations), with new records of M. arenaria race 3 (2 populations) and M. javanica race 1 (23 populations) for Spain.

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First report of Meloidogyne arenaria on roots of Grona triflora in Guangdong Province, China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-21-0002-pdn ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chang-chao Xu ◽

Xiao-ge Han ◽

Christian Staehelin ◽

Jun-tao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Southern China ◽

Tail Length ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Mountain Forest ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Lateral Field ◽

First Report ◽

Sampling Plot

Grona triflora (Desmodium triflorum), a perennial herbaceous legume, is widely distributed in southern China. G. triflora has antipyretic, antiseptic and expectorant properties and can therefore be used as a phytomedicine (Ghosal et al. 1973). In July 2020, roots of G. triflora were investigated for nodules and rhizobia collection at the Shibaluohan Mountain Forest Park of Guangzhou. Root galls induced by a root-knot nematode were observed on 90% of the G. triflora samples (in a 200 m2 plot) and the infested plants had yellow, small and withered leaves compared with the healthy ones. The galls number on a G. triflora root ranged from 43 to 92 and the population densities of second stage juveniles (J2s) ranged from 573 to 894 per 100 cm3 soil surrounding the plant. The female perineal patterns showed a low dorsal arch, with lateral field marked by forked and broken striae, no punctate markings between the anus and tail terminus, which matched with the description of Meloidogyne arenaria (Hartman and Sasser 1985). The J2s had the following morphometric characters (n = 15): body length = 501.05 ± 23.71 µm; body width = 17.14 ± 1.23 µm; DGO = 3.13 ± 0.27 µm; stylet length = 12.97 ± 1.38 µm; tail length = 58.02 ± 4.77 µm; hyaline tail terminus = 10.08 ± 0.65 µm. DNA from four female nematodes was isolated for PCR-based diagnostic analyses. A fragment between the COII and LrRNA genes of the mitochondrial DNA was amplified with primers C2F3/1108 (Powers and Harris 1993). In addition, a 28S ribosomal DNA D2/D3 region was amplified with primers MF/MR (Hu et al. 2011). The amplicons were sequenced (GenBank No. MW315989 and MW307358). Nucleotide BLAST results indicated that both sequences show 100% identity with corresponding M. arenaria sequences of isolates from various countries such as Brazil, China, Myanmar and Vietnam (e.g., MK033428, JQ446377, KY293688 and MK026624). For further confirmation, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) PCR was employed using the M. arenaria specific primers Far/Rar (Zijlstra et al. 2000). The amplicon was also sequenced (GenBank No. MW315990). The Nucleotide BLAST results showed >99% identity with M. arenaria isolates from Indonesia and Argentina (KP234264, KP253748 and MK015624). Greenhouse tests were conducted to analyze the capacity of M. arenaria to induce galls on G. triflora roots. The G. triflora seeds were collected from the sampling plot and germinated on 0.8% (W/V) agar plates. Then the seedlings were planted in 14 cm deep and 15 cm diam pots filled with sterilized soil from sampling plot. Every seedling was inoculated with 2,000 J2s (n = 15) and plants without J2s were used as a control. Two months later, galls were observed for inoculated roots while no galls were formed on roots of control plants. An average of 13,300 J2s and eggs of M. arenaria (reproduction factor = 6.65) were recovered from the root. Stanton and Rizo (1988) found that G. triflora was susceptible to M. javanica in Australia, and Ogbuji (1978) reported that a population of M. incognita reproduced on roots of G. triflora in Nigeria after artificial inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on G. triflora parasitized by M. arenaria in Guangdong province. M. arenaria has potential to infest local, economically important plants like citrus, pomelo, sugarcane, maize and peanut. As G. triflora is widely distributed in southern China, there is the risk of spreading M. arenaria into agricultural and horticultural systems, that will cause yield loss and economic impacts.

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Effect of continuous growing of resistant soybean genotypes on Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 reproduction

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582001000100017 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 93-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ELVIRA M.R. PEDROSA ◽

ROMERO M. MOURA

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Continuous Culture ◽

Reproduction Rate ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Resistant Plant ◽

Nematode Management ◽

Soybean Genotypes ◽

Race 1

Even though resistance is the most promising tactic for root-knot nematode management on soybean (Glycine max), virulent biotypes may occur and be selected on specific resistant plant genotypes. In the present study, reproduction rate of Meloidogyne arenaria race 1 increased after four sequences of continuous culture of the parasite on resistant soybean genotypes.

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Attachment of endospores of Pasteuria penetrans to males and juveniles of Meloidogyne spp.

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854199508252 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 267-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽

Onivaldo Randig ◽

Leandro G. Freitas ◽

Don W. Dickson

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Similar Degree ◽

Pasteuria Penetrans ◽

Race 1 ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Race 2 ◽

Pratylenchus Scribneri ◽

Meloidogyne Sp

Abstract The attachment of endospores to Meloidogyne spp. males and second stage juveniles (J2) was evaluated in two different in vitro assays of seven isolates of Pasteuria penetrans from Florida, USA. In the first assay, endospores of all seven isolates adhered to J2 but not males of M. arenaria race 1. In the second assay, two isolates differed in the specificity of spore attachment to J2 of six Meloidogyne spp. Isolate B4, from Pratylenchus scribneri, showed a similar degree of attachment to J2 of M. arenaria race 2, M. javanica (two populations) and to M. incognita race 3, but did not attach to males of seven species. Isolate P100, from Meloidogyne sp., had high rates of attachment to M. javanica from Rio Grande do Sul State and to M. paranaensis, but lower rates to M. arenaria and M. javanica from Parana State. These data indicate that attachment ability depends not only on the Meloidogyne species but also on the particular population of a species. The high rate of attachment to male but not J2 M. hapla indicates that endospore attachment may also depend upon nematode stage, species, race and population and on Pasteuria isolate. Germinated endospores attached to male M. hapla were examined by scanning electron microscopy but few had successfully penetrated the cuticle. Adhesion des endospores de Pasteuria penetrans aux males et juveniles de Meloidogyne spp. - L'adhesion des spores de Pasteuria penetrans aux males et juveniles de deuxieme stade (J2) de Meloidogyne spp. a ete evaluee lors de deux differents tests in vitro comprenant sept isolats de P. penetrans provenant de Floride, USA. Lors du premier test les endospores des sept isolats ont adhere aux J2 mais non aux males de M. arenaria race 1. Lors du second test deux isolats se sont distingues quant a la specificite de l'adhesion de leurs spores aux J2 de six des especes de Meloidogyne. L'isolat B4, provenant de Pratylenchus scribneri, montre un taux d'adhesion similaire vis-a-vis des J2 de M. arenaria race 2, M. javanica (deux populations) et M. incognita race 3, mais n'adhere aux males d'aucune des sept especes. L'isolat P 100, provenant de Meloidogyne sp., Montre un taux d'adhesion eleve vis-a-vis tant de M. javanica provenant de l'Etat de Rio Grande del Sul que de M. paranensis mais ce taux est faible vis-a-vis de M. arenaria et M. javanica originaires de l'Etat du Parana. Ces donnees indiquent que la faculte d'adhesion depend non seulement de l'espece de Meloidogyne en cause mais egalement de la population particuliere de cette espece. Le taux eleve d'adhesion vis-a-vis des males, mais non des J2, de M. hapla indique que cette adhesion peut dependre du stade de developpement du nematode, de son espece, race ou population ainsi que de l'isolat lui-meme de P. penetrans. Les endospores fixees aux males de M. hapla, et ayant germe, ont ete examinees en microscopie electronique a balayage: peu d'entre elles avaient reussi a traverser la cuticule.

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First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne artiellia in Belgium

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-12-0720-pdn ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 152-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Damme ◽

L. Waeyenberge ◽

N. Viaene ◽

T. van Hoenselaar ◽

G. Karssen

Keyword(s):

Arable Land ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Proteinase K ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽

First Report ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Meloidogyne Spp

In 2011, second-stage juveniles (J2) of an unknown root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) were detected during a routine survey for root-knot nematodes on arable land in Harveng, Belgium, after a crop of wheat. Most of the loamy soil samples (36 out of 42) contained J2 of the common root-knot nematode M. naasi Franklin, 1965 (1), while 15 of these also contained the unknown species, albeit in lower densities (22 J2/100 ml vs. 157 J2/100 ml soil). After detailed morphological observation of the unknown J2, they were until further notice identified as Meloidogyne artiellia Franklin, 1961 (2), the British root-knot nematode. To confirm the identification, a pure culture of M. artiellia was established by adding nematode suspensions to pots planted with kale (Brassica oleracea var. laciniata), a non-host for M. naasi (3). After 2 months, Meloidogyne spp. females, males, and J2 were isolated from galled kale roots. Morphological characteristics (n = 25) from the perineal pattern (rounded with fine striae, lateral area with coarse ridges, angular dorsal arch) and stylet knobs (small, ovoid, and backwardly sloping) for the females, the head shape (set off with distinct head cap) and stylet knobs (small, ovoid and backwardly sloping) for the males, the hemizonid position (anterior, adjacent to S to E pore), tail shape (conical), and short tail length (18 to 27 μm) for the J2, fit with previous observed populations of M. artiellia (3). Young egg-laying females were used for isozyme electrophoresis, and showed typical malate dehydrogenase (N1b) and esterase (M2-VF1) patterns (3). Additionally, DNA was extracted from single juveniles by incubating them in a lysis buffer (200 mM NaCl, 200 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8), 1% β-mercaptoethanol and 800 μg/ml Proteinase K) during 1.5 h at 65°C and 5 min at 99°C in a thermocycler. One microliter of crude DNA extract was used for PCR. ITS-rDNA sequencing (GenBank Accession Numbers JX393299 and JX393300) confirmed the identity, showing a 98 to 100% homology with other M. artiellia sequences (AY150368 and AF248478). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the root-knot nematode, M. artiellia, in Belgium. This nematode has been reported from the Mediterranean area, where it causes damage on chickpea and wheat (4), as well as from the U.K. Its finding in Harveng, close to the French border, suggests a more extensive geographical distribution. References: (1) M. T. Franklin. Nematologica 11:79, 1965. (2) M. T. Franklin et al. Suppl.:85, 1961. (3) G. Karssen. Pages 93-97 in: The Plant-Parasitic Nematode Genus Meloidogyne Göldi, 1892 (Tylenchida) in Europe, Brill Leiden, The Netherlands, 2002. (4) M. Di Vito and N. Greco. Revue Nématol. 11:223, 1988.

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Root-Knot Disease Caused by Meloidogyne arenaria and M. javanica in Teak in São Paulo State, Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-05-11-0442 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 151-151

Author(s):

J. V. de Araújo Filho ◽

A. C. Z. Machado ◽

R. S. C. A. de Faria ◽

L. E. A. Camargo

Keyword(s):

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

São Paulo ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Lateral Field ◽

First Report ◽

Paulo State ◽

São Paulo State ◽

Esterase Phenotypes

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) is one of the most important forest crops in Brazil, occupying areas in different regions, such as Goiás, Mato Grosso, Paraná, and São Paulo states. Teak wood is used for many purposes such as shipbuilding, rolling and plywood, firewood, and charcoal. In May 2011, teak symptomatic feeder root samples, exhibiting inconspicuous, small galls, were collected in the municipality of Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil (22°41′46.90″S, 47°38′36.84″W). Specimens were identified through perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes of 20 adult females (1,2). Perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes were consistent with those described for Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal, 1889) Chitwood, 1949 and M. javanica (Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949. Perineal patterns of M. arenaria showed a low dorsal arch, compressed dorsolaterally, with lateral field marked by some forked and broken striae; no punctate markings between anus and tail terminus were observed. Perineal patterns of M. javanica were rounded, with low dorsal arch, striae smooth, lateral field distinct, clearly demarcated from striae by parallel lines. From the esterase electrophoresis we obtained A2 (Rm:1.2;1.3) and J3 (Rm:1.0;1.25;1.4) phenotypes, typical from M. arenaria and M. javanica, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. arenaria parasitizing teak roots in Brazil and elsewhere (new host) and the first report of M. javanica infecting teak in the State of São Paulo. Previously, M. javanica was reported to be infecting teak-growing areas in the State of Mato Grosso (3). This finding has a great importance, not only by the inclusion of these parasites in teak pathological scenario, but also for predicting possible damage in plant species used in teak-based intercropping systems. References: (1) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 22:10, 1990. (2) K. M. Hartman and J. N. Sasser. 1985. Page 115 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Volume II, Methodology. K. R. Barker et al., eds. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh,1985. (3) R. A. Silva et al. Nematol. Bras. 27:261, 2003.

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First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne floridensis on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0527b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 527-527

Author(s):

G. T. Church

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

The United States ◽

The State ◽

Bromophenol Blue ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

First Report ◽

Meloidogyne Spp

The state of Florida is the largest producer of fresh market tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in the United States with 2003 yields of 634 million kg on 17,700 ha valued at 516 million dollars. Effective crop management is essential for production of vegetables in Florida because of the presence of intense pest pressure. The identification of the pests present is the first step in the development of a successful IPM (integrated pest management) program. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common nematodes that parasitize vegetables in Florida and cause significant yield reductions when not properly managed. In 2003 field experiments, soil was collected from two research farms in Saint Lucie and Seminole counties in Florida. Galling caused by root-knot nematode was observed on tomato at both locations. Since females suitable for identification are difficult to obtain from field-grown roots, field soil was placed in pots in the greenhouse and planted with Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rutgers. Standard morphological techniques, differential host tests, and isozyme phenotypes were used in nematode identification. Female root-knot nematodes were extracted from tomato roots and placed in extraction buffer (10% wt/vol sucrose, 2% vol/vol Triton X-100, 0.01% wt/vol bromophenol blue). The females were crushed, loaded on a polyacrylamide gel, and separated by electrophoresis using the PhastSystem (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). The activities of malate dehydrogenase and esterase enzymes were detected using standard techniques. Isozyme phenotypes consistent with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood as well as with the newly described M. floridensis Handoo (1) were observed at both locations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. floridensis naturally occurring on tomato in Florida. The identification and distribution of M. floridensis in vegetable production fields is important for disease management throughout the state since the host range is likely different from other Meloidogyne spp. Reference: (1) Z. A. Handoo et al. J. Nematol. 36:20, 2004.

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CHARACTERIZATION OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.3.868e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 868e-869

Author(s):

J.A. Thies

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Plant Introduction ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Race 1 ◽

Race 2 ◽

The U.S ◽

Greenhouse Tests

Thirteen sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) genotypes were characterized for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. hapla, and M. arenaria races 1 and 2 in greenhouse tests. The following sweetpotato genotypes representing a range of reactions to M. incognita were evaluated: U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 (highly resistant = HR), Sumor (HR), Nemagold (HR), Excel (HR), Tinian (HR), Hernandez (resistant = R), Jewel (R), Regal (R), Porto Rico (intermediate = I), Centennial (susceptible = S), Georgia Jet (S), Sulfur (S), and Beauregard (S). Meloidogyne incognita was most pathogenic to sweetpotato of the four Meloidogyne spp. evaluated in these studies. The U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) 399163 and Sumor were resistant to M. incognita in all tests. Only two genotypes, Beauregard and Porto Rico, were susceptible to M. javanica. All genotypes evaluated were resistant to M. hapla, M. arenaria race 1, and M. arenaria race 2. Sumor, U.S. PI 399163, and Nemagold appear to provide the highest levels of resistance against the four Meloidogyne spp. used in these studies. Since M. incognita is the most commonly occurring root-knot nematode species in sweetpotato growing areas of the southern U.S. and is pathogenic to most of the commonly grown sweetpotato cultivars, efforts to develop resistant cultivars that have desirable horticultural characteristics for the U.S. market should be directed toward this root-knot nematode species.

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First Report of the Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne inornata, on Common Bean in Paraná State, Brazil

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-12-0832-pdn ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 431-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. C. Z. Machado ◽

O. F. Dorigo ◽

D. Mattei

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Nematode Species ◽

State University ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

First Report ◽

North Carolina State University ◽

Adult Females ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Meloidogyne Spp ◽

Species Specific

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris F.) is one of the most important crops in Paraná State, which is responsible for almost 10% of the Brazilian production (4). Root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are common parasites of this crop worldwide, but damage caused by Meloidogyne inornata has not been reported. During a survey of nematode species present on common bean fields in Paraná State, Brazil, galled root samples of cultivars Tuiuiú and Eldorado were submitted, in June 2012, in the Nematology Laboratory from IAPAR, collected in the municipalities of Araucária (25°35′34″S, 49°24′36″W) and Santana do Itararé (23°45′18″S, 49°37′44″W). Plants did not exhibit any above-ground symptoms. The specimens were identified through perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes of 20 adult females extracted from dissected roots (2,3). The population densities observed in the samples were 140 and 700 J2 and eggs per gram of roots, respectively, for both samples. Characteristics were consistent with those described for M. inornata. For example, perineal patterns of M. inornata showed a high dorsal arch, with smooth to wavy striae, similar to those of M. incognita; but no punctate markings between anus and tail terminus were observed. However, from the esterase electrophoresis we obtained the I3 (Rm = 0.83, 1.15, and 1.32) phenotype, typical of M. inornata, a species-specific phenotype used to differentiate this species from M. incognita (1). Moreover, the excretory pore of adult females was located 32.1 (± 5.4) μm from the anterior end, consistent with the M. inornata description (25 to 53 μm) (1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of M. inornata parasitizing common bean roots. This finding has great importance for Brazilian agriculture, since this nematode may damage common bean plants and become an additional problem for this crop. Additional work is necessary in order to elucidate the losses caused by M. inornata on common bean. References: (1) R. M. D. G. Carneiro et al. Nematology 10:123, 2008. (2) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou J. Nematol. 22:10, 1990. (3) K. M. Hartman and J. N. Sasser. Page 115 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne, Volume II Methodology. K. R. Barker et al., eds. Raleigh: North Carolina State University Graphics, 1985. (4) MAPA. Feijão, Ministério da Agricultura, Brasil. Retrieved from http://www.agricultura.gov.br/vegetal/culturas/feijao September 05, 2012.

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