scholarly journals Differential Transmission of Two Isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus by Five Wheat Curl Mite Populations

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Wosula ◽  
A. J. McMechan ◽  
C. Oliveira-Hofman ◽  
S. N. Wegulo ◽  
G. L. Hein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Individual Mite

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), type member of the genus Tritimovirus in the family Potyviridae, is an economically important virus causing annual average yield losses of approximately 2 to 3% in winter wheat across the Great Plains. The wheat curl mite (WCM), Aceria tosichella, transmits WSMV along with two other viruses found throughout the Great Plains of the United States. Two common genotypes of WSMV (Sidney 81 and Type) in the United States share 97.6% nucleotide sequence identity but their transmission relationships with the WCM are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine transmission of these two isolates of WSMV by five WCM populations (‘Nebraska’, ‘Montana’, ‘South Dakota’, ‘Type 1’, and ‘Type 2’). Nonviruliferous mites from each population were reared on wheat source plants mechanically inoculated with either Sidney 81 or Type WSMV isolates. For each source plant, individual mites were transferred to 10 separate test plants and virus transmission was determined by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Source plants were replicated nine times for each treatment (90 individual mite transfers). Results indicate that three mite populations transmitted Sidney 81 at higher rates compared with Type. Two mite populations (Nebraska and Type 2) transmitted Sidney 81 and Type at higher rates compared with the other three populations. Results from this study demonstrate that interactions between virus isolates and mite populations influence the epidemiology of WSMV.

scholarly journals Incidence of Wheat streak mosaic virus, Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus in Wheat Curl Mites Recovered from Maturing Winter Wheat Spikes

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
S. Tatineni ◽  
G. Hein ◽  
J. McMechan ◽  
S. N. Wegulo
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Sticky Tape

Wheat curl mites (WCM; Aceria tosichella) transmit Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV) to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains region of the United States. These viruses can be detected in single, double, or triple combinations in leaf samples. Information on incidence of viruses in WCM at the end of the growing season is scant. The availability of this information can enhance our knowledge of the epidemiology of WCM-transmitted viruses. This research was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence of WSMV, TriMV, and WMoV in WCM populations on field-collected maturing wheat spikes and to determine differences in WCM densities in three geographical regions (southeast, west-central, and panhandle) in Nebraska. Maturing wheat spikes were collected from 83 fields across Nebraska in 2011 and 2012. The spikes were placed in proximity to wheat seedlings (three- to four-leaf stage) in WCM-proof cages in a growth chamber and on sticky tape. WCM that moved off the drying wheat spikes in cages infested the wheat seedlings. WCM that moved off wheat spikes placed on sticky tape were trapped on the tape and were counted under a dissecting microscope. At 28 days after infestation, the wheat plants were tested for the presence of WSMV, TriMV, or WMoV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. WSMV was the most predominant virus detected in wheat seedlings infested with WCM from field-collected spikes. Double (TriMV+WSMV or WMoV+WSMV) or triple (TriMV+ WMoV +WSMV) virus detections were more frequent (47%) than single detections (5%) of TriMV or WSMV. Overall, 81% of the wheat seedlings infested with WCM tested positive for at least one virus. No significant association (P > 0.05) was found between regions for WCM trapped on tape. These results suggest that WCM present on mature wheat spikes harbor multiple wheat viruses and may explain high virus incidence when direct movement of WCM into emerging winter wheat occurs in the fall.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Triticum mosaic virus in the Central Great Plains

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Byamukama ◽  
D. L. Seifers ◽  
G. L. Hein ◽  
E. De Wolf ◽  
N. A. Tisserat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat curl mite (WCM)-transmitted viruses—namely, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV)—are three of the wheat-infecting viruses in the central Great Plains of the United States. TriMV is newly discovered and its prevalence and incidence are largely unknown. Field surveys were carried out in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota in spring and fall 2010 and 2011 to determine TriMV prevalence and incidence and the frequency of TriMV co-infection with WSMV or HPV in winter wheat. WSMV was the most prevalent and was detected in 83% of 185 season–counties (= s-counties), 73% of 420 season–fields (= s-fields), and 35% of 12,973 samples. TriMV was detected in 32, 6, and 6% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. HPV was detected in 34, 15, and 4% of s-counties, s-fields, and samples, respectively. TriMV was detected in all four states. In all, 91% of TriMV-positive samples were co-infected with WSMV, whereas WSMV and HPV were mainly detected as single infections. The results from this study indicate that TriMV occurs in winter wheat predominantly as a double infection with WSMV, which will complicate breeding for resistance to WCM-transmitted viruses.

scholarly journals Impact of Wheat streak mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus Coinfection of Wheat on Transmission Rates by Wheat Curl Mites

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 1170-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oliveira-Hofman ◽  
S. N. Wegulo ◽  
S. Tatineni ◽  
G. L. Hein
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
The Impact

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) are transmitted by the wheat curl mite (WCM, Aceria tosichella), and coinfections of wheat by these viruses are common in the field. Previous work has shown that mite genotypes vary in their ability to transmit TriMV. However, the degree to which coinfection of wheat modifies WCM vector competence has not been studied. The objective was to determine whether mite genotypes differed in virus transmission ability when feeding on wheat coinfected by WSMV and TriMV. First, WCM genotype type 2 was used to determine virus transmission rates from mock-, WSMV-, TriMV-, and coinfected wheat plants. Transmission rates were determined by using single-mite transfers from replicated source plants. Coinfection reduced WSMV transmission by type 2 WCM from 50 to 35.6%; however, coinfection increased TriMV transmission from 43.3 to 56.8%. Mite survival on single-mite transfer test plants indicates that the reduction in WSMV transmission may result from poor mite survival when TriMV is present. In a second study, two separate colonies of WCM genotype type 1 were tested to assess the impact of coinfection on transmission. Type 1 mites did not transmit TriMV from coinfected plants but the two colonies varied in transmission rates for WSMV (20.9 to 36.5%). Even though these changes in mite transmission rates are moderate, they help explain the high relative incidence of TriMV-positive plants that are coinfected with WSMV in field observations. These findings begin to demonstrate the complicated interactions found in this mite–virus complex.

scholarly journals Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Tobacco Streak Virus, and Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite RNA Associated with Mosaic and Ringspot Symptoms in Ajuga reptans in Ohio

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1214-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Fisher ◽  
S. T. Nameth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Streak Virus ◽  
Ajuga Reptans

Creeping bugleweed (Ajuga reptans L.) is a perennial ornamental commonly grown as a ground cover in temperate climates. Commercial samples of the A. reptans cultivars Royalty, var. Atropurpurea Bronze, Bronze Beauty, and Burgundy Glow showing mosaic and ringspot symptoms were tested for the presence of virus infection by direct antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and viral-associated double-stranded (ds) RNA analysis. Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested. ELISA values were considered positive if the absorbance values were twice the negative control. Negative control values were established with asymptomatic tissue of the cv. Bronze Beauty. Tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) was detected only by ELISA in symptomatic samples of all cultivars except Royalty. No dsRNA suggestive of TSV was detected. Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was detected by ELISA and dsRNA analysis in symptomatic samples of all cultivars tested except Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze. dsRNA analysis also indicated the presence of a low molecular weight, possible satellite (sat) RNA associated with all symptomatic and asymptomatic Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze plants tested. Northern (RNA) blot analysis with a digoxigenin-labeled full-length clone of the (S) CARNA-5 (-) CMV satRNA (ATCC no. 45124) confirmed that the low molecular weight RNA associated with the Royalty and var. Atropurpurea Bronze cultivars was indeed CMV satRNA. Only AMV has been previously reported in A. reptans in the United States (1). This is the first report of CMV and its satRNA, as well as TSV, in A. reptans in the United States. Reference: (1) W. T. Schroeder and R. Provvidenti. Plant Dis. Rep. 56:285, 1972.

scholarly journals Alternanthera mosaic virus Found in Scutellaria, Crossandra, and Portulaca spp. in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Baker ◽  
L. Breman ◽  
L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
United States ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Partial Identity ◽  
Pcr Products

In the fall of 1998, the Division of Plant Industry (DPI) received vegetative propagations of Scutellaria longifolia (skullcap) with symptoms of foliar mosaic, chlorotic/necrotic ringspots, and wavy line patterns from a nursery in Manatee County. Flexuous particles approximately 500 nm long were found with electron microscopy. The plants tested positive for Papaya mosaic virus (PaMV) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test with antiserum to PaMV (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). However, in immunodiffusion tests (antiserum from D. Purcifull, University of Florida), this virus gave a reaction of partial identity indicating it was related but not identical to PaMV (1). The original infected plants were kept in a greenhouse. In January 2005, a specimen of Crossandra infundibuliformis (firecracker plant) with mosaic symptoms was submitted to the DPI from a nursery in Alachua County. Inclusions found with light microscopy and particles found with electron microscopy indicated that this plant was infected with a potexvirus. This was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers designed to detect members of the virus family Potexviridae (3). These plants reacted positive to PaMV antiserum in ELISA and gave a reaction of partial identity to PaMV in immunodiffusion. A specimen of Portulaca grandiflora (moss rose) with distorted leaves found at a local retail store was also tested and gave the same results. Leaves from each of the three plant species were rubbed onto a set of indicator plants using Carborundum and potassium phosphate buffer. Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic indicator plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. RT-PCR (3) was performed, and PCR products were sequenced directly. Sequences of approximately 700 bp were obtained for all three plant species and showed 98% identity with each other. BLAST search results showed that these sequences were 93% identical to an Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) sequence at the nucleotide level but only 76% identical to PaMV. The amino acid sequences were 98 and 82% identical to AltMV and PaMV, respectively. The PCR products of the virus from Scutellaria sp. were cloned, resequenced, and the sequence was entered into the GenBank (Accession No. DQ393785). The bioassay results matched those found for AltMV in Australia (2) and the northeastern United States (4), except that the Florida viruses infected Datura stramonium and Digitalis purpurea (foxglove). The virus associated with the symptoms of these three plants appears to be AltMV and not PaMV. AltMV has been found in ornamental plants in Australia, Italy, and the United States (Pennsylvania, Maryland, and now Florida). Since this virus is known to infect several plants asymptomatically and can be easily confused with PaMV serologically, it is likely that the distribution of this virus is much wider than is known at this time. References: (1) L. L. Breman. Plant Pathology Circular No. 396. Fla. Dept. Agric. Consum. Serv. DPI, 1999. (2) A. D. W. Geering and J. E. Thomas. Arch Virol 144:577, 1999. (3) A. Gibbs et al. J Virol Methods 74:67, 1998. (4) J. Hammond et al. Arch Virol. 151:477, 2006.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Yield Effects of Wheat Infected with Triticum mosaic virus in Kansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas L. Seifers ◽  
T. J. Martin ◽  
John P. Fellers
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Plains ◽  
The Third ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Second Year

Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) infects wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Great Plains region of the United States. This study determined the occurrence of TriMV at three locations over 3 years and yield effects of wheat mechanically infected with TriMV. Wheat infection with TriMV, Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), and the High Plains virus (HPV) was verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both wheat singly infected with TriMV and doubly infected with TriMV and WSMV occurred at three, two, and one locations in 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Wheat singly infected with HPV occurred at one and two locations in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Wheat doubly infected with WSMV and HPV occurred at one location in 2008 and 2009. Infection with TriMV declined at two locations each year and, at the third location, it increased the second year and was not detected the third year. WSMV infection increased, except for a decline the third year at one location. In contrast to 3.0% infection of wheat with TriMV and WSMV at one location, 85% of the wheat 1.6 km from that site was infected with TriMV and WSMV in 2009. Infection of wheat with TriMV caused significant yield and volume weight reductions in Danby, RonL, and Jagalene but not KS96HW10-3 wheat.

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Cultivars with Temperature-Sensitive Resistance to Wheat streak mosaic virus Do Not Recover from Early-Season Infections

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Price ◽  
Angela R. Simmons ◽  
Arash Rashed ◽  
Fekede Workneh ◽  
Charles M. Rush
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), Triticum mosaic virus, and Wheat mosaic virus, all vectored by the wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella Keifer, frequently cause devastating losses to winter wheat production throughout the central and western Great Plains. Resistant ‘Mace’ and ‘RonL are commercially available and contain the wsm1 and wsm2 genes, respectively, for resistance to WSMV. However, the resistance in these cultivars is temperature sensitive, ineffective above 27°C, and does not protect against the other common wheat viruses. The majority of winter wheat in the Southern Great Plains is planted in early fall as a dual-purpose crop for both grazing and grain production. Early planting exposes wheat plants to warmer temperatures above the threshold for effective resistance. Studies were conducted to determine whether the resistance found in these cultivars would give infected plants the ability to recover as temperatures cooled to a range conducive to effective genetic resistance. RonL, Mace, ‘TAM 111’, ‘TAM 112’, and ‘Karl 92’ wheat were infested with WSMV viruliferous mites at temperatures above the resistance threshold. After the initial 4-week infection period, plants were subjected to progressively cooler temperatures during the winter months, well below the resistance threshold. Throughout the study, plant samples were taken to quantify virus titer and mite populations. Resistant RonL and Mace, which became severely infected during the initial infection period, were not able to recover even when temperatures dropped below the resistance threshold. However, TAM 112 showed resistance to WSMV but, more importantly, it also showed resistance to the wheat curl mite, because the mite population in this cultivar was significantly lower than on all other cultivars. The results of this study are significant in that they represent the first evidence of quantitative resistance to both WSMV and the wheat curl mite in a single wheat cultivar. Resistance to the wheat curl mite has potential to reduce losses to all mite-vectored virus diseases of wheat and not just WSMV.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS (WSMV) DISEASE COMPLEX

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Muniba Abid ◽  
Muhammad A. Rana ◽  
Shazia Yaqub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Green Bridge ◽  
First Time

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crop .Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) was first time reported in Nebraska in 1922 as "yellow mosaic". Since then, although sporadic in its appearance and severity, wheat streak mosaic has caused losses throughout North America, Europe, North Africa and Russia. The disease was probably present in other counties, but was not detected. WSM symptoms are characterized by a yellow leaf streaking or stippled pattern and stunting, head sterility, low test weights, and poor tillering and it is a seed born or mite born disease.WSMV is transmitted by eriophyid mite in both semi persistent and circulative manners. Mostly WSMV infects the crops belonging to family graminae or Poaceae (wheat, barley) and other alternate host of the WSMV are the grassy weeds or green bridge where wheat curl mite (WCM) over winters and lay eggs in the absents of the host. Wheat production in the Great Plains is also threatened by the newly discovered wheat viruses including Wheat mosaic virus and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV). Both viruses closely match the life cycle of WSMV and are transmitted by WCM. Genome of WSMV contains positive sense ssRNA virions and one polyprotein. The tritimovirus which is approximately of 10kb in size

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of Wheat streak mosaic virus in the United States Pacific Northwest

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan D. Robinson ◽  
Timothy D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Perennial Wheat

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), the cause of wheat streak mosaic, is a widespread and damaging pathogen of wheat. WSMV is not a chronic problem of annual wheat in the United States Pacific Northwest but could negatively affect the establishment of perennial wheat, which is being developed as an alternative to annual wheat to prevent soil erosion. Fifty local isolates of WSMV were collected from 2008 to 2010 near Lewiston, ID, Pullman, WA, and the United States Department of Agriculture Central Ferry Research Station, near Pomeroy, WA to determine the amount of genetic variation present in the region. The coat protein gene from each isolate was sequenced and the data subjected to four different methods of phylogenetic analyses. Two well-supported clades of WSMV were identified. Isolates in clade I share sequence similarity with isolates from Central Europe; this is the first report of isolates from Central Europe being reported in the United States. Isolates in clade II are similar to isolates originating from Australia, Argentina, and the American Pacific Northwest. Nine isolates showed evidence of recombination and the same two well-supported clades were observed when recombinant isolates were omitted from the analysis. More polymorphic sites, parsimony informative sites, and increased diversity were observed in clade II than clade I, suggesting more recent establishment of the virus in the latter. The observed diversity within both clades could make breeding for durable disease resistance in perennial wheat difficult if there is a differential response of WSMV resistance genes to isolates from different clades.

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