scholarly journals Virulence and Molecular Diversity of the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Population in Xinjiang in Relation to Other Regions of Western China

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangming Zhan ◽  
Fuping Wang ◽  
Cuiping Wan ◽  
Qingmei Han ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Western China ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
New Races ◽  
Xinjiang Autonomous Region ◽  
Simple Sequence

In recent years, wheat stripe rust caused severe yield losses in western China, especially the Xinjiang Autonomous Region. The population of the stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the vast region had not been well studied. To determine the population structure and compare it with the populations in the neighboring provinces or autonomous regions, P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, and Tibet in western China were characterized by virulence tests with 19 wheat genotypes that are used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in China and by genotyping tests with 15 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In total, 56 races, including 39 previously known and 17 new races, were identified from 308 isolates obtained from the three epidemiological regions covering five provinces, of which 27 previously known and 8 unknown races were detected in Xinjiang, higher than the numbers in either of the other two regions. The races in Xinjiang consisted of those historically and recently predominant races in other regions of China. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang had a higher genetic diversity than populations in other epidemiological regions. Molecular variation among subpopulations within Xinjiang was higher than in other regions. Both virulence and molecular data indicate that the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici population in Xinjiang is related to but more diverse than those in other epidemiological regions. The results show that Xinjiang is an important stripe rust epidemiological region in China, and the information should be useful for control of the disease in the region as well as in other regions.

scholarly journals Virulence and Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Segregation in a Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Population Produced by Selfing a Chinese Isolate on Berberis shensiana

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Gangming Zhan ◽  
Xianming Chen ◽  
Angkana Tungruentragoon ◽  
Xia Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Chinese Isolate ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Sexual Population ◽  
Parental Isolate ◽  
New Races ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the causal agent of wheat stripe rust, frequently produces new races overcoming resistance in wheat cultivars. A recently identified race, V26 with virulence to Yr26 and many other stripe rust resistance genes, has a high potential to cause epidemics in China. In this study, teliospores from a single-urediniospore isolate of V26 (Pinglan 17-7) produced on the wheat line 92R137 (Yr26) were used to produce a sexual population through selfing by infecting Berberis shensiana plants under controlled conditions. One hundred and eighteen progeny isolates and the parental isolate were phenotyped for virulence/avirulence on 24 Yr gene lines of wheat. These progeny isolates were all avirulent to Yr5, Yr8, Yr15, and YrTr1 and virulent to Yr1, Yr2, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, Yr24, Yr25, Yr26, YrA, YrExp2, and YrV23, indicating that the parental isolate is homozygous avirulent or homozygous virulent at these loci. The progeny population segregated for avirulence to Yr6, Yr43, and YrSP at one locus (3 avirulent:1 virulent ratio); for virulence to Yr27 and Yr28 at one locus (3 virulent:1 avirulent); and for Yr4, Yr32, and Yr44 at two loci (15 virulent:1 avirulent). Among the eight segregating avirulence/virulence loci, association was found between virulence to Yr4 and Yr32, as well as between virulence to Yr6 and Yr43 based on χ2 tests. From 82 genotypically different progeny isolates, 24 pathotypes and 82 multilocus genotypes were identified. The results show that a highly diverse population can be produced from a single isolate by selfing on a barberry plant and sexually produced population can be used to genetically characterize virulence of the stripe rust pathogen.

scholarly journals Grass Hosts Harbor More Diverse Isolates of Puccinia striiformis Than Cereal Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cheng ◽  
X. M. Chen ◽  
D. R. See
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Grass Hosts ◽  
Simple Sequence

Puccinia striiformis causes stripe rust on cereal crops and many grass species. However, it is not clear whether the stripe rust populations on grasses are able to infect cereal crops and how closely they are related to each other. In this study, 103 isolates collected from wheat, barley, triticale, rye, and grasses in the United States were characterized by virulence tests and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Of 69 pathotypes identified, 41 were virulent on some differentials of wheat only, 10 were virulent on some differentials of barley only, and 18 were virulent on some differentials of both wheat and barley. These pathotypes were clustered into three groups: group one containing isolates from wheat, triticale, rye, and grasses; group two isolates were from barley and grasses; and group three isolates were from grasses and wheat. SSR markers identified 44 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) and clustered them into three major molecular groups (MG) with MLGs in MG3 further classified into three subgroups. Isolates from cereal crops were present in one or more of the major or subgroups, but not all, whereas grass isolates were present in all of the major and subgroups. The results indicate that grasses harbor more diverse isolates of P. striiformis than the cereals.

scholarly journals Virulence Characterization of Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia and Evaluation of Ethiopian Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Races of the Pathogen from Ethiopia and the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Wan ◽  
Kebede T. Muleta ◽  
Habtemariam Zegeye ◽  
Bekele Hundie ◽  
Michael O. Pumphrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Additional Information

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat in Ethiopia. In total, 97 isolates were recovered from stripe rust samples collected in Ethiopia in 2013 and 2014. These isolates were tested on a set of 18 Yr single-gene differentials for characterization of races and 7 supplementary differentials for additional information of virulence. Of 18 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races identified, the 5 most predominant races were PSTv-105 (21.7%), PSTv-106 (17.5%), PSTv-107 (11.3%), PSTv-76 (10.3%), and PSTv-41 (6.2%). High frequencies (>40%) were detected for virulence to resistance genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27, Yr28, Yr31, Yr43, Yr44, YrExp2, and YrA. Low frequencies (<40%) were detected for virulence to Yr10, Yr24, Yr32, YrTr1, Hybrid 46, and Vilmorin 23. None of the isolates were virulent to Yr5, Yr15, YrSP, and YrTye. Among the six collection regions, Arsi Robe and Tiyo had the highest virulence diversities, followed by Bekoji, while Bale and Holeta had the lowest. Evaluation of 178 Ethiopian wheat cultivars and landraces with two of the Ethiopian races and three races from the United States indicated that the Ethiopian races were more virulent on the germplasm than the predominant races of the United States. Thirteen wheat cultivars or landraces that were resistant or moderately resistant to all five tested races should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to stripe rust in both countries.

scholarly journals Small RNAs from the wheat stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)

BMC Genomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Mueth ◽  
Sowmya R. Ramachandran ◽  
Scot H. Hulbert
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Yunnan, China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Md. Ashraful Alam ◽  
Haoxing Li ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Mingju Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus ◽  
And Migration

The stripe rust of wheat is one of the devastating diseases in China, which is caused by fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). The Yunnan Province of China is located in the south-western part, and holds distinctive geographical and climate features, while wheat growth and epidemics of stripe rust fungus are fully dissimilar to the major wheat-growing regions of China. It is important to discover its origin and migration to control the disease. In this study, 352 isolates were sampled from 11 spots of the Yunnan Province during the wheat growing season from 2004 to 2015 and analyzed with SNPs markers of housekeeping genes. Results revealed that 220 haplotypes were inferred from the concatenating sequences; among them, 5 haplotypes (viz., ‘H86′, ‘H18′, ‘H8′, ‘H15′ and ‘H23′) comprised over 24.5% of the population. The haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, mutation rate and recombination events were 0.992, 6.04 × 10−3, 4.46 × 10−3 and 18.0 respectively, which revealed the genetic diversity of Pst populations among all locations. Four grouping methods, such as UPGMA-tree, PCA, PLS-DA and STRUCTURE, were employed for the categorization of the Pst populations conferring to their races and topographical localities. All methods were found significant and mostly had co-linear relations with each other. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) conferred total variation was 9.09%, and 86.20% of variation was within the populations. The current study also exposed a comparatively high genetic multiplicity within the population, while low genetic inconsistency among the populations. Furthermore, the molecular records on the gene pole (Nm = 18.45) established that the migration of the stripe rust pathogen occurred among all locations in Yunnan province. The ancestral haplotype was detected in Yuxi. Based on the trajectories of upper airflow and genetic diversity of Pst populations in different locations, it is suggested that the locations Dehong, Dali, Lincang and Baoshan are probably a major source of Pst in Yunnan.

scholarly journals Study of Inheritance and Linkage of Virulence Genes in a Selfing Population of a Pakistani Dominant Race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Mehmood ◽  
Marina Sajid ◽  
Syed Kamil Husnain ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Parental Isolate ◽  
The One ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
Dominant Genes

Wheat stripe rust is a severe threat of almost all wheat-growing regions in the world. Being an obligate biotrophic fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST) produces new virulent races that break the resistance of wheat varieties. In this study, 115 progeny isolates were generated through sexual reproduction on susceptible Himalayan Berberis pseudumbellata using a dominant Pakistani race (574232) of PST. The parental isolate and progeny isolates were characterized using 24 wheat Yr single-gene lines and ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. From the one-hundred-and-fifteen progeny isolates, 25 virulence phenotypes (VPs) and 60 multilocus genotypes were identified. The parental and all progeny isolates were avirulent to Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, Yr32, Yr43, YrSp, YrTr1, YrExp2, Yr26, and YrTye and virulent to Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, Yr27, Yr28, YrA, Yr44, and Yr3. Based on the avirulence/virulence phenotypes, we found that VPs virulent to Yr1, Yr2, Yr9, Yr17, Yr47, and YrA were controlled by one dominant gene; those to YrSp, YrTr1, and Yr10 by two dominant genes; and those to YrExp2 by two complementary dominant genes. The results are useful in breeding stripe rust-resistant wheat varieties and understanding virulence diversity.

A novel narnavirus isolated from the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1014
Author(s):  
Yanhui Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Xiaofei Liang ◽  
Li Zheng ◽  
Zhensheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust Fungus

Challenges and solutions for stripe rust control in the United States

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
South Central ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
New Races

Stripe rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has been one of the most destructive diseases on wheat in the western USA since the late 1950s and has become increasingly important in the central and south-eastern USA since 2000. Stripe rust of barley, caused by P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, a relatively new disease, has established and caused severe damage in the south-central and western states since the pathogen was first reported in Texas in 1991. Stripe rusts of wheat and barley have been monitored by trap nurseries and by field surveys. Collections of stripe rust from wheat, barley, triticale, and grasses have been tested on a set of 20 wheat differential genotypes for identifying races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and a set of 12 barley differential genotypes for identifying races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei. In total, 62 new races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and 22 new races of P. striiformis f. sp. hordei have been identified since 2000. Germplasm and breeding lines of wheat and barley have been tested every year under natural infection in the field and with selected races in the greenhouse. Combinations of durable high-temperature, adult-plant resistance with effective all-stage resistance should provide more effective stripe rust control and reduce the use of fungicides.

scholarly journals Point Inoculation Method for Measuring Adult Plant Response of Wheat to Stripe Rust Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem H. P. Boshoff ◽  
Renée Prins ◽  
Corneli de Klerk ◽  
Simon G. Krattinger ◽  
Cornelia M. Bender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Inoculation Method ◽  
Water Proof

Depending on the pathogenicity of the stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the nature of resistance in the wheat host plant, and the environment, a broad range of disease phenotypes can be expressed. Therefore, the phenotyping of partial adult plant stripe rust resistance requires reliable and repeatable procedures, especially under controlled conditions. In this study, the development of a flag leaf point inoculation method, which resulted in a 100% initial infection rate, is reported. Flag leaf inoculations were achieved by placing 6-mm antibiotic test paper discs, dipped into a urediniospore and water suspension and covered with water-proof plastic tape, on the adaxial side of leaves. Results from independent trials allowed for the statistical comparison of stripe rust lesion expansion rate in wheat entries that differ in resistance. The technique is inexpensive, reliable, and applicable to routine screening for adult plant response type, quantitative comparison of stripe rust progress, environmental influences, and pathogenicity of different isolates.

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