scholarly journals Outbreak of Erwinia carotovora on Zantedischia spp. in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 966-966
Author(s):  
E. L. Mansvelt ◽  
E. Carstens
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Arginine Dihydrolase ◽  
Potato Slices ◽  
Tuber Rot

In South Africa, summer-flowering Arum lilies are grown for the tuber, potted plant, and cut flower markets. In 1998, an outbreak of soft rot was detected on Zantedischia oculata cv. Black Magic and Z. elliottiana plants from several nurseries. Crop losses of up to 25% were incurred. The initial symptom was wilting of leaves. When plants were lifted from the soil, soft rot of the tuber was found. Tuber rot usually developed on one side, and plants developing from affected tubers wilted and died. No discoloration of leaf or tuber tissues was found. Isolations from diseased tissues consistently yielded bacterial colonies that were translucent, white, and glistening and that had entire margins on nutrient agar. Ten representative isolates were chosen for further characterization. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora strain B56 was included as a reference strain. All isolates were gram-negative rods, oxidase and arginine dihydrolase negative, catalase positive, and facultatively anaerobic. They degraded pectate and rotted potato slices but did not hydrolyze starch. All isolates fermented glucose, reduced nitrates to nitrites, and grew at a maximum temperature of 37°C. Isolates produced acids from D(+)-glucose, D(+)-cellobiose, melibiose, amygdalin, L(+)-arabinose, D-mannitol, L(+)-rhamnose, sucrose, ribose, D(-)xylose, and D(-)glucose but not from D-arabinose, D-sorbitol, or maltose. Isolates liquefied gelatin and used citrate, arbutine, esculin, salicin, and cellobiose as the sole carbon source. Pathogenicity to Zantedischia spp. was tested by injection of tubers with an inoculum suspension containing 108 CFU/ml. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Inoculated plants were kept in a greenhouse at 24°C. Symptoms developed 2 days after inoculation with the pathogen and appeared to be identical to those observed on diseased material in nurseries. Control plants did not rot. The bacterium was readily reisolated from diseased plants, confirmed to be the inoculated pathogen, and identified as E. carotovora, based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics and pathogenicity. E. aroideae has been reported to cause soft rot of rhizomes of winter-flowering Arum lilies (Z. aethiopica) in South Africa (1). However, this is the first report of soft rot caused by E. carotovora subsp. carotovora on tubers of Z. oculata and Z. elliottiana plants in South Africa. Reference: (1) V. Wager. 1970. Flower Garden Diseases and Pests. Purnell, Cape Town, South Africa.

scholarly journals First Report of Bacterial Soft Rot of White Flowered Calla Lily Caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-A. Lee ◽  
K.-P. Chen ◽  
Y.-C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
First Report ◽  
Zantedeschia Aethiopica ◽  
Calla Lily ◽  
Arginine Dihydrolase ◽  
Indole Production

In 2002, soft rot symptoms on white flowered calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica) were found in some nurseries in the Yang Ming Shan area, Taipei, Taiwan. The disease was characterized by foul smelling rot and collapse of flower stems. Isolations from diseased flower stems consistently yielded bacterial colonies that were translucent, white, and glistening on nutrient agar. Ten representative isolates were chosen for further characterization. All isolates were gram-negative rods, facultatively anaerobic, sensitive to erythromycin (25 μg/ml), negative for oxidase and arginine dihydrolase, and positive for catalase, phosphatase, tryptophanase (indole production), and lecithinase. They fermented glucose and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The maximum temperature for growth was 37°C. The isolates hydrolyzed gelatin and esculin, produced acids from utilizing D(+)-glucose, melibiose, amygdalin, L(+)-arabinose, D-mannitol, and sucrose, but not from trehalose, lactose, D-sorbitol, or maltose. They degraded pectate and rotted potato, carrot, sweet pepper, and onion slices. Bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/ml) were injected in stems of white flowered calla lily to fulfill Koch's postulates. Control plants were inoculated with sterile distilled water. Inoculated plants were kept in a growth chamber at 30°C. Symptoms developed 1 to 2 days in all four inoculated plants and appeared to be identical to those observed on diseased material in nurseries. The four control plants did not rot. The bacterium was readily reisolated from diseased plants, confirmed to be the inoculated pathogen, and identified as Erwinia chrysanthemi. E. carotovora subsp. carotovora has been reported to cause soft rot of other calla lilies, such as Zantedeschia sp. cvs. Black Magic and Pink Persuasion and Z. elliottiana in Taiwan (1). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of soft rot caused by E. chrysanthemi on white flowered calla lily in Taiwan. Reference: (1) S. T. Hsu and K. C. Tzeng. Pages 9–18 in: Proc. Int. Conf. Plant Path. Bact., 5th. J. C. Lozano, ed. CIAT, Cali, Colombia, 1981.

scholarly journals Tomato as a New Host of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Alippi ◽  
E. Dal Bó ◽  
L. B. Ronco ◽  
P. E. Casanova ◽  
O. M. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
New Host ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Dna Profiles

In 1995, fruiting tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. hybrid Tommy) from different commercial greenhouses near La Plata and near Chacabuco (Province of Buenos Aires) had symptoms similar those caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (1,4). Stems of the infected plants were rotted and produced adventitious roots. The cortex on the basal part of the stems turned black and sloughed off easily. The pith disintegrated and stems appeared hollow. Disease incidence of 2% was common, and nearly 10% of the plants in wetter areas of greenhouses were affected. Bacteria consistently isolated from diseased stems formed white-to-cream-colored colonies on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar (YDC). Bacteria from purified colonies were gram negative, oxidase negative, arginine dyhidrolase negative, catalase positive, methyl red positive, and facultatively anaerobic. Tests on four strains showed all fermented glucose, reduced nitrates to nitrites, and grew at a maximum temperature of 37 to 40°C. Strains did not hydrolyse starch nor utilize Tween 80. All strains were resistant to erythromycin in an antibiotic disk (15 μg) assay. Acid was produced from D(+)-glucose, D -mannitol, sucrose, D(+)-cellobiose, L(+)-rhamnose, L(+)-arabinose, D(+)-galactose, and D(+)-trehalose, but not from D-arabinose, D-sorbitol, and maltose. Bacteria utilized maleate and citrate but not propionate, benzoate, or malonate. The strains caused soft rot of pepper fruits and carrot slices within 24 h at 25°C. Pathogenicity was confirmed by needle stab inoculation at the primary leaf node on five plants each of 6-week-old greenhouse-grown tomato hybrids Presto and Parador. Inoculum was from 24-h-old cultures on YDC. Control plants were stab inoculated with needles dampened in sterile water. All plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 48 h at 25°C. Within 24 h after inoculation, watersoak and rot were detected; and during the next 48 h, plants wilted. Controls remained healthy. The bacterium was readily isolated from inoculated plants. Tests showed physiological characteristics identical to those of the bacteria used as inoculum. The pathogen was identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics and on pathogenicity. Reactions were identical to those of the type strain ATCC 15713 that had been included in all tests for comparison. Further identity was shown by polymerase chain reaction utilizing ERIC primers to generate DNA profiles (3). Profiles of the pathogen or the type strain were very similar to those from bacteria recovered from inoculated plants. This is the first known occurrence of a disease caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora on greenhouse-grown tomato plants in Argentina, although it has been reported as causing soft rot of vegetables after harvest (2). References: (1) B. N. Dhanvantari and V. A. Dirks. Phytopathology 77:1457, 1987. (2) L. Halperin and L. S. Spaini. Rev. Arg. Agron. 6:261, 1939. (3) F. J. Louws et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:2286, 1994. (4) D. E. Speights et al. Phytopathology 57: 902, 1967.

Screening of Antagonistic Bacterium to Control Konjac Soft Rot

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4427-4430
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Antagonistic Bacterium

Konjac soft rot is a bottleneck limiting konjac yield caused by bacterial strain of Erwinia carotovora var. carotovora. In order to control konjac soft rot, soil samples were collected, and each sample was spread on surface of a plate seeded with E. carotovora var. carotovora in advance. Strains expressing antagonistic activities were selected and then isolated with streak plate method. One bacterial strain (named Z10) was obtained from soil by this method. In field trials, strain Z10 still showed antagonistic effect against the bacterial pathogen.

A potato wilt disease in South Africa caused by Erwinia carotovora subspecies carotovora and E. chrysanthemi

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SERFONTEIN ◽  
C. LOGAN ◽  
A. E. SWANEPOEL ◽  
B. H. BOELEMA ◽  
D. J. THERON
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Potato Wilt

Assessing potato cultivars for resistance to tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica) at four test centres in the UK

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Wastie ◽  
G. J. Jellis ◽  
D. H. Lapwood ◽  
C. Logan ◽  
G. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora Subsp.Atroseptica ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Soft Rot Erwinia

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Biological Control Agent for Potato Soft Rot in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
A. M. Akanda ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
And Storage

A total of 91 isolates of probable antagonistic bacteria of potato soft rot bacteriumErwinia carotovorasubsp.carotovora(Ecc) were extracted from rhizospheres and endophytes of various crop plants, different soil varieties, and atmospheres in the potato farming areas of Bangladesh. Antibacterial activity of the isolated probable antagonistic bacteria was testedin vitroagainst the previously identified most common and most virulent soft rot causing bacterial strain Ecc P-138. Only two isolates E-45 and E-65 significantly inhibited thein vitrogrowth of Ecc P-138. Physiological, biochemical, and carbon source utilization tests identified isolate E-65 as a member of the genusBacillusand the isolate E-45 asLactobacillussp. The stronger antagonistic activity against Ecc P-138 was found in E-65in vitroscreening and storage potatoes. E-65 reduced the soft rot infection to 22-week storage potatoes of different varieties by 32.5–62.5% in model experiment, demonstrating its strong potential to be used as an effective biological control agent for the major pectolytic bacteria Ecc. The highest (62.5%) antagonistic effect of E-65 was observed in the Granola and the lowest (32.7%) of that was found in the Cardinal varieties of the Bangladeshi potatoes. The findings suggest that isolate E-65 could be exploited as a biocontrol agent for potato tubers.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Bakteri Endofit Akar dan Ubi Kentang untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) pada Ubi

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Istifadah ◽  
Muhamad Salman Umar ◽  
Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽  
Luciana Djaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Soft Rot Disease ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe abilities of endophytic bacteria from potato roots and tubers to suppress soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) in potato tuberSoft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora is one of limiting factors in cultivation and post harvest of potato. The eco-friendly control measure that can be developed for controlling the diseases is biological control. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include endophytic bacteria. This paper discussed the results of study examining the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots and tubers of potato to inhibit the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro and suppress soft rot disease in potato tuber. The results showed that among 24 isolates examined, four isolates of endophytic bacteria (one isolate from potato tuber and three isolates from potato roots) inhibited the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro with inhibition zone 3.5-6.8 mm. In the in vivo test, the isolates inhibited the soft rot disease in potato tuber by 71.5-86.4%. The isolate that tended to show relatively better inhibition in vitro and in vivo was isolate from potato tuber which is CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.)Keywords: Biological control, Endophytic bacteria, Post-harvest, Potato, Soft rot diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan bakteri Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya dan pascapanen kentang. Cara pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menekan penyakit tersebut adalah pengendalian biologi. Kelompok mikroba yang berpotensi sebagi agens pengendali biologi adalah bakteri endofit. Artikel ini mendiskusikan potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari ubi dan akar kentang untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa diantara 24 isolat bakteri yang diuji, terdapat empat isolat bakteri endofit (satu isolat dari ubi kentang dan tiga isolat dari akar kentang) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dengan zona penghambatan sebesar 3,5-6,8 mm. Pada pengujian secara in vivo, isolat-isolat tersebut dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang sebesar 71,5-86,4%. Isolat yang cenderung menunjukkan penghambatan relatif lebih baik secara in vitro dan in vivo adalah isolat bakteri endofit asal ubi kentang yaitu isolat CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.).Kata Kunci: Pengendalian biologi, Bakteri endofit, Pascapanen, Kentang, Penyakit busuk basah

scholarly journals Efficacy of Mahogany Bark Aqueous Extracts and Exposure to Solar Heat for Treatment of Potato Tuber Soft Rot Caused by Erwinia Carotovora Ssp. Carotovora

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Bulus Bdliya ◽  
Peter Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Efficacy of Mahogany Bark Aqueous Extracts and Exposure to Solar Heat for Treatment of Potato Tuber Soft Rot Caused byErwinia CarotovoraSsp.CarotovoraThe efficacy of combining tuber treatment with mahogany bark aqueous extracts and exposure to solar heat for the control of potato tuber soft rot was investigated. Artificially inoculated potato tubers were treated with mahogany bark aqueous extracts and exposed to solar heat for zero, one, two and three hours. The results showed that tuber treatment with the plant extract followed by exposure to solar heat significantly reduced the incidence and severity of tuber soft rot compared to the control group. However, the highest reduction in the incidence and severity of the disease was recorded on tubers treated with the plant extract and incubated immediately after treatment (no exposure to solar heat). This suggests that the plant extract is more effective at lower than higher temperatures. Potato tuber losses due to soft rot could therefore be managed by tuber treatment with mahogany bark extract and no exposure to solar heat.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Neem, Garlic and Aloe Extracts in the Management of Postharvest Potato Soft Rot Caused by Erwinia carotovora

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Felix Mwanzia Ndivo ◽  
Ezekiel Mugendi Njeru ◽  
Jonah Birgen
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot

Bacillus subtilis BS 107 as an antagonist of potato blackleg and soft rot bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Sharga ◽  
G D Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Potato Blackleg ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances

Antimicrobial substances were produced by Bacillus subtilis BS 107 in a defined medium and isolated from culture filtrate by precipitation at pH 2.5. Active fractions were extracted in ethyl acetate, acetone, and 80% ethanol and purified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plates developed with an ethanol-water mixture (2:1, v/v). In each case, a band with a Rf of 0.75 formed an inhibitory zone when the TLC plates were placed in contact with agar seeded with test cultures of the Erwinia spp. The antibiotic was released into the culture medium during early stages of growth of Bacillus subtilis BS 107 but higher amounts were released in older cultures. The antibiotic was resistant to the action of nucleases, proteases, and lipase. It was stable when autoclaved twice for 35 min at 2 atm (1 atm = 101.325 kPa) in acidic, neutral, and alkaline solutions. It remained active over the pH range of 1-14 during 1 month of observation and exhibited no loss of antimicrobial activity when stored at 4°C for over 1 year. Bacillus subtilis BS 107 showed activity in vitro and in vivo against Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, the causal agents of potato blackleg and tuber soft rot. The application of an antagonist or its antibiotic to cut potato tissues prevented or reduced symptoms of the diseases. The antibiotic was active in vitro against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal species.Key words: antagonist, Bacillus subtilis BS 107, Erwinia carotovora, potato.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document