Survival of Xanthomonas cucurbitae in different cropping rotations, plant debris, and weeds in pumpkin fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salisu Sulley ◽  
Sarah Refi Hind ◽  
MOHAMMAD BABADOOST
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
History Of

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of crop rotation in managing Xanthomonas cucurbitae, the causal agent of Xanthomonas leaf spot, in pumpkin fields. The study was conducted using ‘Howden’ pumpkin, a susceptible pumpkin cultivar, at four sites with no history of Xanthomonas leaf spot. All sites were planted with pumpkins in the first year of crop rotations. The disease developed at all four sites. In a three-year rotation with nonhost crops, the severity of Xanthomonas leaf spot in pumpkin plots was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of plots in the two-year rotation with nonhost crops and continuous pumpkin production. Furthermore, X. cucurbitae was recovered from pumpkin plant debris 15 months after harvesting pumpkins in commercial fields, and the pathogen was viable. X. cucurbitae was also isolated from asymptomatic weeds in pumpkin fields. In a greenhouse inoculation of weeds with X. cucurbitae, however, Xanthomonas leaf spot developed only on leaves of bur cucumber (Sicyos angulatus) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) weeds. In the infested soil with X. cucurbitae, the bacterium was not recovered after 15, 42, and 56 days at 22, 12, and 4℃, respectively. The results showed that crop rotation alone does not provide adequately protection of pumpkin plants against X. cucurbitae.

Agronomic performance of Pesticide Free Production under two crop rotations

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Schoofs ◽  
M.H. Entz ◽  
R.C. Van Acker ◽  
J.R. Thiessen Martens ◽  
D.A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Crop Selection ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractPesticide Free Production (PFP) is a pesticide reduction system that removes in-crop pesticide use on a yearly basis. A long-term study was established in 2000 to investigate the effect of crop rotation and frequency of inclusion on the success of PFP, as well as the effect of PFP on subsequent crops in the rotation. The crop rotations being compared were linola–oat–canola–wheat and linola–oat–alfalfa–alfalfa. PFP occurred either once in the rotation (oat) or twice (linola–oat). Weed density and yield were measured in the crops that followed PFP. Oat was a more successful PFP crop than linola because it was better able to compete with weeds. Furthermore, PFP oat had a higher weed density when it followed PFP linola, but this did not influence PFP oat yield. Under the conditions of this study, PFP linola was more successful in the annual crop rotation. Inclusion of alfalfa hay crops in the crop rotation was not effective in lowering weed pressure and, in fact, may have contributed to an increase in weed density. It is concluded that weed species present influenced the effectiveness of alfalfa in facilitating PFP, because major weeds in the study are not effectively controlled by alfalfa. PFP did not have a negative effect on following crops in the rotation (i.e. canola–wheat or alfalfa), regardless of whether one or two consecutive years of PFP occurred in the rotation. No additional herbicide was necessary for weed control in the crops that followed PFP; however, alfalfa hay was weedier for the first year following PFP. This study indicates that PFP is a viable way to reduce herbicide use in a cropping system and that attention needs to be paid to PFP crop selection and crop rotation, particularly when the PFP crop is less competitive with weeds.

scholarly journals Evolution of Ryegrass Seed Banks Depending on Soil Tillage and Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galvan ◽  
M.A. Rizzardi ◽  
S.T. Peruzzo ◽  
R.F. Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Chisel Plow ◽  
Second Year

The seed bank is characterized by the amount of seeds and other viable reproductive structures in the soil and it is changed by the input and output of seeds, being classified by its permanence in the soil as transient or permanent. The tillage and crops used decisively influence this dynamic and more disturbed areas tend to have richer seed banks. The purpose of this study was to test different soil tillage and crop systems, aiming to reduce or eliminate the ryegrass in the area. The experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2012. In the first year, the effect of chemical tillage was assessed, compared to the area without tillage. From the second year on, in the area that received chemical tillage, the second experiment was installed, where it was assessed the effect of soil tillage and crop rotation in the ryegrass seed yield. The soil tillage treatment was chisel plow and non-chisel plow. The crop rotation was: fallow/soybean; wheat/soybean; black oat/maize. The samples of soil were taken three times a year and split in 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm. After sampling, the seeds were separated from the soil and sterilized. Afterwards, germination and tetrazolium test were conducted. In the same plots used for soil sampling, the emergence flow of ryegrass was assessed in the winter 2011 and 2012. In the first year it was observed that chemical tillage had considerably reduced the amount of ryegrass in the soil. The crop rotations used were more effective than soil tillage in reducing the seed banks in the soil. The rotation oat/maize and wheat/soybean, in only two years, practically zeroed the ryegrass seed banks in the area.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

NITROGEN CYCLES IN CROP ROTATIONS DIFFERING IN FERTILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulius GUŽYS ◽  
Stefanija MISEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Cereal Crop

The use of nitrogen fertilizer is becoming a global problem; however continuous fertilization with nitrogen ensures large and constant harvests. An 8 year research (2006–2013) was conducted to evaluate the relationships between differently fertilized cultivated plant rotations. The research was conducted in Lipliunai (Lithuania) in the agroecosystem with nitrogen metabolism in fields with deeper carbonaceous soil, i.e. Endocalcari Endohypogleyic Cambisol (CMg-n-w-can). The research area covered three drained plots where crop rotation of differently fertilized cereals and perennial grasses was applied. Samples of soil, water and plants were investigated in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory of the Aleksandras Stulginskis University certified by the Environment Ministry of the Republic of Lithuania. The greatest productivity was found in a crop rotation with higher fertilization (N32-140). In crop rotation with lower fertilization (N24-90) productivity of cereals and perennial grasses (N0-80) was 11–35 % lower. The highest amount of mineral soil nitrogen was found in cereal crop rotation with higher fertilization. It was influenced by fertilization and crop productivity. The lowest Nmin and Ntotal concentrations in drainage water were found in grasses crop rotation. Crop rotations of differently fertilized cereals increased nitrogen concentration in drainage water. Nmin concentration in water depended on crop productivity, quantity of mineral soil nitrogen, fertilization, and nitrogen balance. The lowest nitrogen leaching was found in the crop rotation of grasses. Cereal crop rotation increased nitrogen leaching by 12–42 %. The usage of all crop rotations resulted in a negative nitrogen balance, which essentially depended on fertilization with nitrogen fertilizer.

Assessment of changes in extreme precipitation affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Ilinich ◽  
◽  
A.A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Crop Rotations

the presented research is dedicate to confirming the hypothesis about increase in extreme precipitation of recent decades, affecting the degree of soil erosion in crop rotations.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

Formation of crop rotation as a means of preventing degradation аnd improving soil fertility of the Carpathian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O.J. Kachmar ◽  
O.V. Vavrynovych ◽  
O.L. Dubytsky ◽  
A.O. Dubytska ◽  
M.M. Shcherba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rotational Crop

Scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of zonal ecologically safe crop rotations as a basic subsystem of farming in the formation of high, stable productivity of agricultural crops are substantiated, while ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility, increasing the efficiency of fertilizer systems and environmental protection. Various rotational crop rotations for introduction in the conditions of the Carpathian region in farms of different specialization and intensity of production are proposed.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

Sobre Educação, Arte e Vídeoarte: rupturas, resiliência e práticas de ensino/aprendizagem na sala de aula

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nélia Lúcia Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Video Art ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
First Year ◽  
School Students ◽  
Forest School ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
History Of ◽  
Teaching Learning

This study first approaches the history of the observer’s gaze, that is, as observers, we are forming or constructing our way of visualizing moving images. Secondly, it reaffirms the importance and need of resistance of the teaching / learning of Art as a compulsory curricular component for high school. Finally, the third part reports an experience with video art production in a class of first year high school students, establishing an interrelationship between theory and practice, that is, we study video art content to reach the production of videos, aiming as a final result, the art videos created by the students of the Reference Center in Environmental Education Forest School Prof. Eidorfe Moreira High School. The first and second stages of this research share a theoretical part of the Master ‘s thesis, Making films on the Island: audiovisual production as an escape line in Cotijuba, periphery of Belem, completed in 2013.

STEREOTACTIC HYPO-FRACTIONAL RADIOTHERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER I-IIA CLINICAL STAGE: THE ROLE OF SUVMAX ASSESSMENT IN 18F-FDG PET/CT FOR MONITORING TREATMENT OUTCOMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-638
Author(s):  
Tatyana Borisova ◽  
Arif Allakhverdiev ◽  
Yuriy Gerasimov ◽  
Nadezhda Meshcheryakova ◽  
Mikhail Dolgushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Factor Analysis ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Second Tumor ◽  
Monitoring Treatment

Material and methods: Since 2014, 33 patients with lung cancer of clinical stage I-IIa (cT1N0M0 - 12 patients, with T2N0M0 - 21 patients) have undergone SRT. Verification of tumor process was obtained in 30 patients. A third of patients (n = 10) had a history of metachronic primary-multiple tumors and 31 patients had peripheral lung cancer. The used variants of SRT fractionation were as followed: 10Gr x 5 fractions (n = 22) and 7Gr x 8 fractions (n = 11) - BED 100Gy. Results: With a median follow-up of 21 months (range 3-37 months), 4 patients (12 %) within the first year had a loco-regional and distant progression, of which two died. During the year one patient died from complications of treatment, one - from the progression of the second tumor. One- and two-year local control was 94 %. Overall and disease-free 2-year survival was 84 % (95 % CI, 70 - 99) and 83.2 % (95 % CI, 70.5 - 99), respectively. Single-factor analysis revealed a significant effect on the overall survival of the fractionation regimen (p = 0.04). The effect of the baseline SUVmax tended to be reliable (p = 0.07). Conclusions: In order to implement the principles of risk-adaptive radiation therapy it is necessary to consider the initial SUVmax of tumor as one of potential predictive and predicative markers of treatment effectiveness.

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