scholarly journals Improving Yields and Managing Dry Bean Bacterial Diseases in Nebraska with New Copper-Alternative Chemicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Harveson
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Disease Pressure

Bacterial diseases, common blight, halo blight, brown spot, and wilt are major constraints to the production of dry edible beans in western Nebraska. Owing to a lack of effective control options, these diseases have been difficult to properly manage. Cultivars with partial disease resistance are available for some diseases, but not for all. Furthermore, few chemical products are accessible other than copper-based products, which have proven to be erratic in efficacy, depending on variables such as pathogen involved, disease pressure, and environmental conditions. Therefore, field studies were conducted in western Nebraska for 7 years (13 site years) evaluating newly emerging copper-alternative chemicals for managing these diseases in dry beans. Over this time period, five different products were tested for at least 2 years each and were compared with two commercially available copper compounds (Kocide and MasterCop). The new alternatives included two growth-promoting chemicals (ecoAgra A300, WakeUP Summer), and three contact sanitizers (Goldshield 5, SaniDate, and OxiDate). Treatments with SaniDate and ecoAgra A300 more consistently produced higher yields than other treatments, while not reducing disease incidence. These improvements were achieved primarily under high levels of disease, providing promise for use in production systems in western Nebraska.

Bacterial Diseases of Dry Edible Beans in the Central High Plains

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Harveson ◽  
Howard F. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Bacterial Brown Spot ◽  
Central High

Dry beans may be affected by a number of distinct diseases, including four bacterial diseases often found occurring simultaneously in a complex. Three diseases are commonly encountered — common bacterial blight, halo blight, and bacterial brown spot — with a fourth disease (bacterial wilt) re-emerging in the Central High Plains after an absence of more than 30 years. The information in this guide may be used to identify and distinguish between the various bacterial diseases that may be encountered in dry bean production. Accepted for publication 14 October 2006. Published 25 January 2007.

Occurrence of Foliar Fungal and Bacterial Diseases of Dry Bean in North Dakota

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Harikrishnan ◽  
L. E. del Río ◽  
R. S. Lamppa ◽  
R. Padilla ◽  
F. Zabala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Bacterial Brown Spot

An extensive field survey was undertaken during the 2003 to 2005 growing seasons to assess the prevalence and incidence of foliar fungal and bacterial diseases affecting dry bean in North Dakota. A total of 250 fields were inspected during the three years of survey. The most prevalent diseases were common bacterial blight, white mold, and bacterial brown spot. Common bacterial blight was prevalent in nearly 100% of the fields inspected in all three years, with a mean incidence of 54%. White mold was observed in 75% of the fields scouted, with a mean incidence of 16%. Bacterial brown spot and halo blight affected 31% and 1% of the fields surveyed, respectively. Rust and anthracnose were observed only in 2003 and 2005, affecting 15% and 5% of the fields inspected across both years, respectively. This survey information on the occurrence and severity of diseases affecting dry bean should help prioritize future research needs and breeding programs. Accepted for publication 7 June 2006. Published 15 September 2006.

scholarly journals Characterization, Virulence, Epidemiology, and Management of Anthracnose in Celery

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1832-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina M. Rodriguez-Salamanca ◽  
Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo ◽  
Rachel P. Naegele ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum Species Complex ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Disease Pressure

Leaf curling and petiole twisting of celery (Apium graveolens) were observed in several commercial fields in five Michigan counties in 2010 through 2012, causing significant crop damage and loss. Prior to this time, the pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum species complex had not been previously associated with celery in Michigan. In this study, the pathogen’s genotype and phenotype were characterized, the influence of environmental conditions determined, and fungicides tested. Pathogen identification was based on conidial morphology and molecular identification using species-specific primers. Intersimple-sequence repeat (ISSR) banding patterns were similar between C. acutatum isolates from celery (n = 51) and blueberry (n = 1) but different from C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. Four ISSR primers resulted in 4% polymorphism when tested on isolates from celery. Pathogenicity and virulence of C. acutatum sensu lato isolated from celery (n = 81), tomato (n = 2), and blueberry (n = 1) were evaluated in greenhouse experiments, which revealed differences in virulence among isolates but no significant differences specific to collection year, county, or field. In dew chambers and growth chambers, high temperatures (≥25°C) or long leaf wetness duration (>24 h) increased disease incidence. Twelve fungicides were tested in field studies over two growing seasons to determine their efficacy against celery anthracnose. The fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced disease by 27 to 50% compared with the untreated control when disease pressure was moderate.

scholarly journals Breeding Great Northern and Pinto Dry Beans with Multiple Disease Resistance Combined with Improved Seed Quality, Adaptation, Yield, and Plant Type

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 452B-452
Author(s):  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
J.R. Steadman ◽  
D.T. Lindgren ◽  
David Nuland ◽  
Durward Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Selection For ◽  
On Farm

Common bacterial blight (CBB), rust (RU), and white mold (WM) are serious diseases of great northern (GN) and pinto (P) beans in Nebraska and Colorado. The bacterial diseases halo blight (HB) and brown spot (BS) are sporadic. Severe Fe-induced leaf chlorosis (Fe ILC) occurs on calcareous sites. Separate inoculated disease nurseries are used to screen for resistance to the pathogens causing the above diseases. Yields and seed quality of lines are also determined in non-disease trials. Sources of exotic resistance to the above pathogens and to Fe ILD have been identified and their inheritance determined. A non-structured recurrent selection scheme has mainly been used, occasionally with a backcross program, to combine high levels of the desired traits. Selection for highly heritable traits such as seed size, shape and color, maturity, plant architecture, and RU resistance occurs in early generations while traits of low heritability, such as CBB resistance, WM avoidance, yield, seed coat cracking resistance, and canning quality, are evaluated in separate replicated tests over several years and finally for yield in on-farm-trials. A number of multiple disease resistant, high-yielding, well-adapted GN and P lines are or will be released; P `Chase' (on about 30,000 acres in 1996) and GN WM 3-94-9 (for possible release).

The performance of dry bean cultivars with and without common bacterial blight resistance in field studies across Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Gillard ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
K. P. Pauls ◽  
L. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Disease

Common bacterial blight (CBB) is a serious seed-borne disease in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Plant breeders have focused on genetic resistance to control this disease, and this led to the release of the first resistant cultivar (OAC Rex) in 2002. In 2003 and 2004, field studies were conducted at six sites across Canada to measure the impact of CBB resistance on dry bean seed yield. Two resistant and four susceptible cultivars were evaluated in noninoculated and inoculated experiments at each site. In the noninoculated experiments, the CBB incidence was very low and there were no treatment differences for measurements of leaf disease. Significant disease pressure occurred in the inoculated experiments at 7 of 12 site-years. Both resistant cultivars usually had less leaf disease than the susceptible cultivars. Yield comparisons between the inoculated and noninoculated experiments were conducted using a yield index calculation to estimate the impact of CBB on the yield of the cultivar. OAC Rex and HR67 had a mean yield advantage of 23.1 and 13.8%, respectively, compared with the mean of the four susceptible cultivars. This is similar to the yield advantage previously reported in the literature. Key words: Dry bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, resistance, yield

scholarly journals Occurrence of Bacterial Brown Spot on Dry Beans in Zimbabwe

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155-1155
Author(s):  
D. Fourie ◽  
O. Mukoko
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Syringe Needle ◽  
Bacterial Brown Spot

A previously unreported leaf spot disease was observed in dry bean variety trials in Harare, Zimbabwe, during March 2000. It was subsequently noticed on the cultivars Ex-Rico and C20 in commercial fields. The irregular, brown, necrotic lesions (0.5 to 5 mm in diameter) resembled typical symptoms of bacterial brown spot. A fluorescent bacterium was isolated from diseased leaf samples on King's B medium. LOPAT tests (2) classified the bacterium as a Group 1a fluorescent plant pathogenic pseudomonad. Agglutination with a specific antibody reagent, from the Adgen Express test kit, positively identified the bacterium as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, the causal organism of bacterial brown spot. The pathogen was distinguished from P. syringae pv. phaseoli, the halo blight organism, by its ability to utilize mannitol, inositol, and sorbitol and its ability to grow on KBC medium (3). The utilization of sucrose as a sole carbon source distinguished the pathogen from P. viridiflava. Pathogenicity of isolates was verified by inoculating young attached pods of the cultivar Teebus, using the method of Cheng et al. (1). Control plants were inoculated with a sterile syringe needle dipped in sterile distilled water. Inoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 28°C day/18°C night for 4 days before being evaluated for symptom development. P. syringae pv. syringae was consistently recovered from typical lesions that developed on inoculated pods. No symptoms developed on control pods. This is the first report of bacterial brown spot caused by P. syringae pv. syringae on dry beans in Zimbabwe. P. syringae pv. syringae was, however, isolated in South Africa from extracts of bean seed received from Zimbabwe in 1996, although it is uncertain whether the disease actually occurred in the field during that specific season. References: (1) G. Y. Cheng et al. Plant Dis. 73:419, 1989. (2) R. A. Lelliott et al. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:470, 1966. (3) S. K. Mohan and N. W. Schaad. Phytopathology 77:1390, 1987.

Russian Thistle (Salsola iberica) and Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Control in Dryland Corn (Zea mays)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Salsola Iberica

Field studies were conducted in 1987, 1988, and 1989 at Lethbridge, Alberta to determine suitable herbicides for the control of Russian thistle and kochia in field corn grown in a dryland cropping system. Soil-applied atrazine or cyanazine provided inconsistent control of these weeds under dryland conditions. Combining inter-row tillage or 2,4-D applied postemergence with soil-applied atrazine improved the consistency of weed control over years. Postemergence atrazine and dicamba plus 2,4-D controlled Russian thistle and kochia in all years. Corn yields reflected the level of weed control attained with each treatment. The suitability of the various treatments for weed control in corn grown under dryland crop production systems is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Compost Amendments on Disease Severity and Yield of Tomato in Conventional and Organic Production Systems

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
J. Al-Dahmani ◽  
F. Sahin ◽  
H. A. J. Hoitink ◽  
S. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Compost Amendments

Field trials were conducted over 2 years to assess the effects of compost amendments on disease development in organic and conventional processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) production systems. The incidence of anthracnose fruit rot was reduced in organic tomato plots amended with a high rate of composted cannery wastes compared with the incidence in nonamended control plots in 1998 when disease incidence was high. Marketable yield was increased by 33% in compost-amended organic plots. Plots amended with a high compost rate had more ripe fruit than the nonamended control. The incidence of anthracnose and of total disease on fruit was less on the cultivar OH 8245 than on Peto 696. Total fruit yield of OH 8245 but not Peto 696 in organic plots was increased by amendment with composted cannery wastes. In conventional tomato production, composted yard wastes increased disease severity on foliage both years but reduced bacterial spot incidence on fruit in 1997, when disease pressure was high. The incidence of anthracnose was not affected by composted yard wastes. Marketable and total fruit yields of Peto 696 were not increased in compost-amended conventional plots. The plant activator Actigard reduced foliar disease severity and the incidence of bacterial spot and anthracnose on fruit, while increasing yield of marketable fruit.

scholarly journals Characterization of Antagonistic Bacillus methylotrophicus Isolated From Rhizosphere and Its Biocontrol Effects on Maize Stalk Rot

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingkai Cheng ◽  
Xiaoxue Ji ◽  
Yanzhen Ge ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Wenzhe Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Bacillus Methylotrophicus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

Stalk rot is one of the most serious and widespread diseases in maize, and effective control measures are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new biological agent to manage this disease. An antagonistic bacterial strain, TA-1, was isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S ribosomal RNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses. TA-1 exhibited a strong antifungal effect on the growth of Fusarium graminearum mycelium, with 86.3% inhibition at a concentration of 108 CFU per ml. Transmission electron microscopy showed that TA-1 could disrupt the cellular structure of the fungus, induce necrosis, and degrade the cell wall. Greenhouse and field trials were performed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of TA-1 on maize stalk rot, and the results of greenhouse experiment revealed that the bacterium significantly reduced disease incidence and disease index. Seeds treated with a 108 CFU ml−1 cell suspension had the highest disease suppression at 86.8%. Results of field trials show that seed bacterization with TA-1 could not only reduce maize stalk rot incidence but also increase maize height, stem diameter, and grain yield. The lipopeptide antibiotics were isolated from the culture supernatants of TA-1 and identified as surfactins and iturins. Consequently, B. methylotrophicus TA-1 is a potential biocontrol agent against maize stalk rot.

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Sayler ◽  
S. M. Southwick ◽  
J. T. Yeager ◽  
K. Glozer ◽  
E. L. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Disease Pressure

Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.

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