scholarly journals Transcriptional Reprogramming of the Mycoparasitic Fungus Ampelomyces quisqualis During the Powdery Mildew Host-Induced Germination

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Siozios ◽  
Lorenzo Tosi ◽  
Alberto Ferrarini ◽  
Alessandro Ferrari ◽  
Paola Tononi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Ampelomyces Quisqualis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Mycoparasitic Fungus ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Ampelomyces quisqualis is a mycoparasite of a diverse range of phytopathogenic fungi associated with the powdery mildew disease. Among them are several Erysiphaceae species with great economic impact on high-value crops such as grape. Due to its ability to parasitize and prevent the spread of powdery mildews, A. quisqualis has received considerable attention for its biocontrol potential. However, and in sharp contrast to the extensively studied biocontrol species belonging to the genus Trichoderma, little is known about the biology of A. quisqualis at the molecular and genetic levels. We present the first genome-wide transcription profiling in A. quisqualis during host-induced germination. A total of 1,536 putative genes showed significant changes in transcription during the germination of A. quisqualis. This finding denotes an extensive transcriptional reprogramming of A. quisqualis induced by the presence of the host. Several upregulated genes were predicted to encode for putative mycoparasitism-related proteins such as secreted proteases, virulence factors, and proteins related to toxin biosynthesis. Our data provide the most comprehensive sequence resource currently available for A. quisqualis in addition to offering valuable insights into the biology of A. quisqualis and its mycoparasitic lifestyle. Eventually, this may improve the biocontrol capacity of this mycoparasite.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Brassica oleracea L. chitin-binding genes and response to pathogens infections

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingzhao Zhu ◽  
Shujin Lu ◽  
Mu Zhuang ◽  
Yangyong Zhang ◽  
Honghao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Abstract Main conclusion Chitinase family genes were involved in the response of Brassica oleracea to Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew. Abstract Abstract Chitinase, a category of pathogenesis-related proteins, is believed to play an important role in defending against external stress in plants. However, a comprehensive analysis of the chitin-binding gene family has not been reported to date in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), especially regarding the roles that chitinases play in response to various diseases. In this study, a total of 20 chitinase genes were identified using a genome-wide search method. Phylogenetic analysis was employed to classify these genes into two groups. The genes were distributed unevenly across six chromosomes in cabbage, and all of them contained few introns (≤ 2). The results of collinear analysis showed that the cabbage genome contained 1–5 copies of each chitinase gene (excluding Bol035470) identified in Arabidopsis. The heatmap of the chitinase gene family showed that these genes were expressed in various tissues and organs. Two genes (Bol023322 and Bol041024) were relatively highly expressed in all of the investigated tissues under normal conditions, exhibiting the expression characteristics of housekeeping genes. In addition, under four different stresses, namely, Fusarium wilt, powdery mildew, black spot and downy mildew, we detected 9, 5, 8 and 8 genes with different expression levels in different treatments, respectively. Our results may help to elucidate the roles played by chitinases in the responses of host plants to various diseases.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analysis of KH Family Genes Response to ABA and SA in Arabidopsis thaliana

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Yanjie Zhang ◽  
Yu Ma ◽  
Ruiqi Liu ◽  
Guanglin Li
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Kh Domain ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Related Proteins

K-homologous (KH) family is a type of nucleic acid-binding protein containing the KH domain and has been found to affect splicing and transcriptional regulation. However, KH family genes haven’t been investigated in plant species systematically. In this study, we identified 30 genes that belonged to the KH family based on HMM of the KH domain in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the KH family is grouped into three subgroups. Synteny analysis showed that AtKH9 and AtKH29 have the conserved synteny relationship between A. thaliana and the other five species. The AtKH9 and AtKH29 were located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The seed germination rates of the mutants atkh9 and atkh29 were higher than wild-type after abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatments. In addition, the expression of ABA-related genes, such as ABRE-binding factor 2 (ABF2), ABRE-binding factor 4 (ABF4), and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), and an SA-related gene pathogenesis-related proteins b (PR1b) were downregulated after ABA and SA treatments, respectively. These results suggested that atkh9 and atkh29 mutants inhibit the effect of ABA and SA on seed germination. In conclusion, our results provide valuable information for further exploration of the function of KH family genes and propose directions and ideas for the identification and characterization of KH family genes in other plants.

scholarly journals The GT factor ZmGT-3b mediates growth–defense tradeoff by regulating photosynthesis and defense response1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
E Lizhu ◽  
Weixing Dai ◽  
Mingliang Xu ◽  
Jianrong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Development Face ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Wall Components

AbstractPlant growth and development face constant threat from various environmental stresses. Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for maintaining balance between plant growth and defense. Trihelix TFs display multifaceted functions in plant growth, development, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we explore the role of a trihelix TF, ZmGT-3b, in regulating the growth–defense tradeoff in maize (Zea mays). ZmGT-3b is primed for instant response to Fusarium graminearum challenge by implementing a rapid and significant reduction of its expression to suppress seedling growth and enhance disease resistance. ZmGT-3b knockdown led to diminished growth, but improved disease resistance and drought tolerance in maize seedlings. In ZmGT-3b knockdown seedlings, the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate were strongly reduced, whereas the contents of major cell wall components, such as lignin, were synchronically increased. Correspondingly, ZmGT-3b knockdown specifically downregulated photosynthesis-related genes, especially ZmHY5 (encoding a conserved central regulator of seedling development and light responses), but synchronically upregulated genes associated with secondary metabolite biosynthesis and defense-related functions. ZmGT-3b knockdown induced defense-related transcriptional reprogramming and increased biosynthesis of lignin without immune activation. These data suggest that ZmGT-3b is a regulator of plant growth–defense tradeoff that coordinates metabolism during growth-to-defense transitions by optimizing the temporal and spatial expression of photosynthesis- and defense-related genes.One-sentence summaryZmGT-3b regulates photosynthesis activity and synchronically suppresses defense response.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of haloacid dehalogenase genes reveals their function in phosphate starvation responses in rice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245600
Author(s):  
Zezhen Du ◽  
Suren Deng ◽  
Zixuan Wu ◽  
Chuang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Haloacid Dehalogenase ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
Had Superfamily ◽  
Pi Stress

The HAD superfamily is named after the halogenated acid dehalogenase found in bacteria, which hydrolyses a diverse range of organic phosphate substrates. Although certain studies have shown the involvement of HAD genes in Pi starvation responses, systematic classification and bioinformatics analysis of the HAD superfamily in plants is lacking. In this study, 41 and 40 HAD genes were identified by genomic searching in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively. According to sequence similarity, these proteins are divided into three major groups and seven subgroups. Conserved motif analysis indicates that the majority of the identified HAD proteins contain phosphatase domains. A further structural analysis showed that HAD proteins have four conserved motifs and specified cap domains. Fewer HAD genes show collinearity relationships in both rice and Arabidopsis, which is consistent with the large variations in the HAD genes. Among the 41 HAD genes of rice, the promoters of 28 genes contain Pi-responsive cis-elements. Mining of transcriptome data and qRT-PCR results showed that at least the expression of 17 HAD genes was induced by Pi starvation in shoots or roots. These HAD proteins are predicted to be involved in intracellular or extracellular Po recycling under Pi stress conditions in plants.

scholarly journals The plant Mediator complex and its role in jasmonate signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (13) ◽  
pp. 3415-3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhe Zhai ◽  
Chuanyou Li
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Mediator Complex ◽  
Transcriptional Coactivator ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Ja Signaling

Abstract The Mediator complex is an essential, multisubunit transcriptional coactivator that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. Mediator interacts with gene-specific transcription factors, the RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery, as well as several other factors involved in transcription, and acts as an integral hub to regulate various aspects of transcription. Recent studies of the plant Mediator complex have established that it functions in diverse aspects of plant development and fitness. Jasmonate (JA) is an oxylipin-derived plant hormone that regulates plant immunity and development. The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor MYC2, which is a master regulator of JA signaling, orchestrates genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming of plant cells to coordinate defense- and growth-related processes. Here, we review the function of the plant Mediator complex in regulating JA signaling. We focus on the multifunctional Mediator subunit MED25, which emerges as an integrative hub for the transcriptional regulation of jasmonate signaling.

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