scholarly journals Segregation and Mapping in the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla of Quantitatively Inherited Traits Affecting Parasitism

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varghese P. Thomas ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Parental Strain ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Sexual Hybridization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Linkage

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla can reproduce on a wide range of crop species but there is variability in host range and pathogenicity both within and between isolates. The inbred strain VW9 causes galling but does not reproduce on Solanum bulbocastanum clone SB22 whereas strain VW8 causes little galling and reproduces poorly on this host. Comparison of reproduction on SB22 of nematode F2 lines generated from hybrids between strains VW8 and VW9 revealed that, whereas over half the lines produced no progeny, some lines reproduced to higher levels than did either parental strain. Using a genetic map previously generated using the same set of F2 lines, three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified and positioned on linkage groups. A combination of two QTL alleles from one parent and one from the other was highly represented in F2 lines that exhibited higher reproduction than either parental strain but was absent from lines that failed to reproduce on SB22. This result suggests that sexual hybridization and assortment of opposing alleles leads to segregation of individuals with improved reproductive ability on a particular host. The genome sequence and integrated genetic and physical linkage map of M. hapla provide resources for identification of genes responsible for the identified QTL.

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

Rapid and visual detection of Meloidogyne hapla using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Song ◽  
Xiai Yang ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Mingbao Luan ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Lateral Flow Dipstick ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a biotrophic parasite that infects many crops and causes severe economic losses worldwide. Rapid and accurate detection of M. hapla is crucial for disease forecasting and control. We developed a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay for rapid detection of M. hapla. The primers and a probe were designed based on the effector gene 16D10 sequence and were highly specific to M. hapla. The RPA reaction was performed at a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 45°C within 5 to 25 min, and the amplicon was visualized directly on the LFD within 5 min. The detection limits of the RPA-LFD assay were 10-3 female and 10-2 J2/0.5 g of soil, which was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay. In addition, the RPA-LFD assay can detect M. hapla from infested plant roots and soil samples, and the entire detection process can be completed within 1.5 h. These results indicate that the RPA-LFD assay is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive, and visual method that can be used for rapid detection of M. hapla in the field and in resource-limited conditions.

Development of Resistance to Root‐Knot Nematode ( Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood) in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Hunt ◽  
R. N. Peaden ◽  
L. R. Faulkner ◽  
G. D. Griffin ◽  
H. J. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Silicon Effects on the Root System of Diverse Crop Species Using Root Phenotyping Technology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Pooja Tripathi ◽  
Sangita Subedi ◽  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung ◽  
Yoonha Kim
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Wide Range

Roots play an essential function in the plant life cycle, as they utilize water and essential nutrients to promote growth and plant productivity. In particular, root morphology characteristics (such as length, diameter, hairs, and lateral growth) and the architecture of the root system (spatial configuration in soil, shape, and structure) are the key elements that ensure growth and a fine-tuned response to stressful conditions. Silicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element in soil, and it can affect a wide range of physiological processes occurring in the rhizosphere of various crop species. Studies have shown that Si significantly and positively enhances root morphological traits, including root length in rice, soybean, barley, sorghum, mustard, alfalfa, ginseng, and wheat. The analysis of these morphological traits using conventional methods is particularly challenging. Currently, image analysis methods based on advanced machine learning technologies allowed researchers to screen numerous samples at the same time considering multiple features, and to investigate root functions after the application of Si. These methods include root scanning, endoscopy, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional imaging, which can measure Si uptake, translocation and root morphological traits. Small variations in root morphology and architecture can reveal different positive impacts of Si on the root system of crops, with or without exposure to stressful environmental conditions. This review comprehensively illustrates the influences of Si on root morphology and root architecture in various crop species. Furthermore, it includes recommendations in regard to advanced methods and strategies to be employed to maintain sustainable plant growth rates and crop production in the currently predicted global climate change scenarios.

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

Using plant essences as alternative mean for northern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla) management

2010 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Douda ◽  
Miloslav Zouhar ◽  
Jana Mazáková ◽  
Eva Nováková ◽  
Roman Pavela
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Plant Essences

Third generation progress in breeding white clover for resistance to root-knot nematode

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
J. Van den Bosch ◽  
C.F. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) reduces growth and nutrition of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in New Zealand, and breeding resistant cultivars (with low galls per gram of root) is the preferred control method. Resistant and susceptible selections were bred from a wide range of white clover lines for three generations. In the third generation there were significant differences between seed lines from the selections for number of galls, root dry weight, visual growth score and galls/gram of root dry weight. Resistant selections had 43% of the susceptible selections' galls per gram, and 50% of the number of galls. Germplasm showing resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in the USA showed partial resistance to the local Meloidogyne sp. Two resistant and two susceptible genotypes were also compared for nematode egg production; resistant genotypes had a mean of 3,460 eggs/plant, compared to 25,030 for susceptible genotypes. Keywords: breeding, Meloidogyne sp., resistance, rootknot nematode, screening, selection, Trifolium repens, white clover

scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF FARMING RAMS BREEDING VALUE RELATED TO DIFFERENT GENOTYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Ivan Pomitun ◽  
Nadezhda Kosova ◽  
Igor Korkh ◽  
Lubov Pankiv ◽  
Natalia Boyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Breed Sheep

The results of evaluating the breeding value of rams of different genotypes by a wide range of productivity indicators of their descendants are presented. Tribal rams of the Kharkov interbreed type of Prekos breed of 2-3 years of age, as well as crosses from the introductory crossing of Prekos sheep with the Romanov breed and Merinolandsheep, were evaluated. The resulting offspring were grown under the conditions of one production flock. The evaluation considered the indicators of the reproductive ability of ewes, sex and type of birth of the offspring, the safety of lambs from birth to 20 days of age, the dynamics of the average daily growth of daughters in the uterus and at the age of birth to 20 days and from 21 to 90 days, live weight indicators were considered, cutting and length of hair of daughters at the age of 14 months. Studies have established that the average yield of lambs throughout the sample was 115.3 % per 100 ewes, with significant differences between the estimated producers - from 105.1 to 131.3 %. This indicator did not have a definite relationship with the genotype of the estimated sheep. Among the offspring of all rams, males slightly prevail over females in the ratio of 1.09 to 1. This advantage is due to the large number of rams born among same-sex twins. Their part exceeded 28 %, while only 23.4 % turned out to be similar in type of birth. By the sum of the ranks that were put to individual sheep for the indicators of the average daily growth of daughters at different periods of their growth, the best cross-breed sheep No. 1625 and No. 9953 are distinguished. On the whole, there is a fairly clear tendency for a positive relationship between the ranks for the growth rate in the embryonic period and the same indicator for posterity aged 21-90 days. According to both the ranking and the probity-based evaluation results, ram No. 1625 (a created line based on crossing with the Romanov breed) is assigned to complex improvers. The rest topping ram out to be improvers of individual traits, and the producer of the breed Prekos No. 1823 was an improvement in production of wool and length of staple. Ram No. 1960 turned out to be a complex deteriorator in the quality of offspring. The descendants of rams No. 4464 and 9953, derived from the breed of Merino landscape, reliably (p≤0.01), by 18.6-20.8 % in terms of wool coefficients, are inferior to the daughters of ram No. 1823, breed Prekos, which is an unconditional evidence of the strengthening of their characters meat productivity over wool one.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Parasitizing Roses in Ethiopia

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1286-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beira H. Meressa ◽  
H. Heuer ◽  
H.-W. Dehne ◽  
J. Hallmann
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Damage Potential

Meloidogyne hapla is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes in temperate regions. This nematode has a wide host range with more than 500 plant taxa including roses. In Ethiopia, rose production has developed over the past 10 years to the second most important export market after coffee. Considering the high damage potential of M. hapla, infestation of roses in Ethiopia with this nematode could result in major economic losses. Therefore, awareness of this nematode species is extremely important. During two surveys conducted in August 2011 and April 2012, M. hapla was detected in soil samples from six out of nine rose producing farms located in the districts of Ziway, Holleta, Sebeta, and Menagesha. At infested farms, rose plants appeared stunted and less productive and often showed symptoms of chlorosis and wilting. Identification was based on morphological and morphometrical characters of females, males, and second-stage juveniles, which were all within the range of variability known for this species (4). Shape of juvenile stylet knobs, shape of male head, and perennial pattern of the females with characteristic punctuations between the anus and tail terminus were also typical for M. hapla. The morphological identification was confirmed by sequence analysis of the D2-D3 expansion segment of the 28S rDNA gene following amplification with the primers D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTT-3′) and D3B (5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (1). PCR products were purified and sequenced at the Macrogene sequencing facility service (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (KJ645427 to 33). The sequences were compared with previously published sequences in NCBI database and showed 96 to 100% sequence similarity with M. hapla accession nos. GQ130139, DQ328685, KF430798, and DQ145641. Unfortunately, comparison of sequences did not provide further information about the origin of this Ethiopian population, if it is native to Ethiopia or was imported with infected plant material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of M. hapla occurring in Ethiopia. M. hapla is known as a serious pest of roses in colder climate regions. In Africa, it was previously reported from Tanzania (3) and South Africa (2). Thus, it appears that this species has now become also established in Ethiopia at higher altitudes (1,400 to 2,100 m above sea level) within the urban hinterland of Addis Ababa. References: (1) Baldwin et al. Mol. Phy. Evol. 8:248, 1887. (2) J. H. O'Bannon. Institute Agri. Res. 29, 1975. (3) E. Onkendi and L. N. Moleleki. Eur. J. Pl. Pathol. 136:1, 2013. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon.31:263, 1968.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Potential of Eco-Friendly Nematicides in the Management of Root-Knot Nematodes on French Beans in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
E. O. Ogumo ◽  
W. M. Muiru ◽  
J. W. Kimenju ◽  
D. M. Mukunya
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp) are a serious pest causing heavy economic losses in a wide range of agricultural crops. A trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various eco-friendly nematicides in the management of RKN affecting French bean. The field trial was carried out in two seasons with the following treatments; Rigel-G (salicylic acid), Phyto Protect (Sesame oil extract), Mytech (Paecilomyces lilacinus), Neemraj 0.3% (Azadirachtin), Vydate® (Oxamyl) as a positive control and an untreated control. Various rates; Rigel –G (2.5 ml/l), Phyto Protect (10 l/ha), Mytech (125 g/ha) Neemraj 0.3% (3L/ha) and Vydate® (6 l/ha) of treatments were administered and damage on plants was assessed based on galling indices, crop biomass and yield whereas nematode reproductive potential was assessed based on the J2 counts. There was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the nematode population densities and galling indices observed among the eco-friendly nematicides and the conventional nematicide (Vydate®). Eco-friendly nematicides had a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction of RKN J2 population densities compared to the negative control. The negative control had the highest mean of root-knot nematode densities (240 RKN/200 cc soil) and a galling index of 3.77 while Vydate and Neemraj had the lowest mean density (40 RKN/200 cc soil) in the first season. Similar results were observed in the second season with control having the highest RKN J2 population densities (285 RKN/200 cc soil) and a galling index of 3.89 and Vydate had the lowest (23 RKN/200 cc soil). The results of this study clearly indicate that eco-friendly nematicides can be fully adopted to suppress RKN in French beans as alternatives to conventional nematicides.

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