scholarly journals Proteome Responses to Individual Pathogens and Abiotic Conditions in Rice Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitathoor Balasubramane Sruthilaxmi ◽  
Subramanian Babu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses

Rice plants under field conditions experience various biotic and abiotic stresses and are adapted to survive using a molecular cross-talk of genes and their protein products based on the severity of a given stress. Seedlings of cultivated variety ASD16 (resistant to fungal disease, blast; tolerant to abiotic stress, salinity) were subjected to salt, drought, high temperature and low temperature stress as well as infection by Rhizoctonia solani and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (causing reemerging diseases such as sheath blight and leaf blight), respectively, the sheath blight and bacterial leaf blight pathogens. Leaf proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified using mass spectrometry. In addition to many other differentially expressed proteins, acidic endochitinase was found to be upregulated during fungal infection and drought treatment, and a germin-like protein upregulated during fungal infection and high temperature stress. These two proteins were further validated at the gene expression level using reverse transcription-PCR in dual stress experiments. Pot culture plants were subjected to fungal infection followed by drought and drought followed by fungal infection to validate chitinase gene expression. Similarly, plants subjected to fungal infections followed by high temperature stress and vice versa were used to validate the expression of germin-like protein-coding gene. The results of the present study indicate that chitinase and germin-like protein are potential targets for further exploration to develop rice plants resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Alterations of Endogenous Hormones, Antioxidant Metabolism, and Aquaporin Gene Expression in Relation to γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Regulated Thermotolerance in White Clover

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099
Author(s):  
Hongyin Qi ◽  
Dingfan Kang ◽  
Weihang Zeng ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Yan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
White Clover ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Gaba Level ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
The Impact

Persistent high temperature decreases the yield and quality of crops, including many important herbs. White clover (Trifolium repens) is a perennial herb with high feeding and medicinal value, but is sensitive to temperatures above 30 °C. The present study was conducted to elucidate the impact of changes in endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by exogenous GABA pretreatment on heat tolerance of white clover, associated with alterations in endogenous hormones, antioxidant metabolism, and aquaporin-related gene expression in root and leaf of white clover plants under high-temperature stress. Our results reveal that improvement in endogenous GABA level in leaf and root by GABA pretreatment could significantly alleviate the damage to white clover during high-temperature stress, as demonstrated by enhancements in cell membrane stability, photosynthetic capacity, and osmotic adjustment ability, as well as lower oxidative damage and chlorophyll loss. The GABA significantly enhanced gene expression and enzyme activities involved in antioxidant defense, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and key enzymes of the ascorbic acid–glutathione cycle, thus reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the oxidative injury to membrane lipids and proteins. The GABA also increased endogenous indole-3-acetic acid content in roots and leaves and cytokinin content in leaves, associated with growth maintenance and reduced leaf senescence under heat stress. The GABA significantly upregulated the expression of PIP1-1 and PIP2-7 in leaves and the TIP2-1 expression in leaves and roots under high temperature, and also alleviated the heat-induced inhibition of PIP1-1, PIP2-2, TIP2-2, and NIP1-2 expression in roots, which could help to improve the water transportation and homeostasis from roots to leaves. In addition, the GABA-induced aquaporins expression and decline in endogenous abscisic acid level could improve the heat dissipation capacity through maintaining higher stomatal opening and transpiration in white clovers under high-temperature stress.

scholarly journals Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Exogenous Trehalose Is Involved in the Responses of Wheat Roots to High Temperature Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2644
Author(s):  
Yin Luo ◽  
Yanyang Xie ◽  
Weiqiang Li ◽  
Maohuan Wei ◽  
Tian Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Varieties

High temperature stress seriously limits the yield and quality of wheat. Trehalose, a non-reducing disaccharide, has been shown involved in regulating plant responses to a variety of environmental stresses. This study aimed to explore the molecular regulatory network of exogenous trehalose to improve wheat heat tolerance through RNA-sequencing technology and physiological determination. The physiological data and RNA-seq showed that trehalose reduced malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity in wheat roots, and affecting the phenylpropane biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and other pathways. Our results showed that exogenous trehalose alleviates the oxidative damage caused by high temperature, coordinating the effect of wheat on heat stress by re-encoding the overall gene expression, but two wheat varieties showed different responses to high temperature stress after trehalose pretreatment. This study preliminarily revealed the effect of trehalose on gene expression regulation of wheat roots under high temperature stress, which provided a reference for the study of trehalose.

Genotype-Dependent Gene Expression in Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) Plants Under High Temperature Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-866
Author(s):  
Müge Kesici ◽  
Ahmet Ipek ◽  
Figen Ersoy ◽  
Sergül Ergin ◽  
Hatice Gülen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa

Catalase gene expression in response to chronic high temperature stress in maize

Plant Science ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Scandalios ◽  
Alberto Acevedo ◽  
Stephanie Ruzsa
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Catalase Gene

scholarly journals Trehalose alleviates high‐temperature stress in Pleurotus ostreatus by affecting central carbon metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yu Yan ◽  
Meng-Ran Zhao ◽  
Chen-Yang Huang ◽  
Li-Jiao Zhang ◽  
Jin-Xia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Protective Agent

Abstract Background Trehalose, an intracellular protective agent reported to mediate defense against many stresses, can alleviate high-temperature-induced damage in Pleurotus ostreatus. In this study, the mechanism by which trehalose relieves heat stress was explored by the addition of exogenous trehalose and the use of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (tps1) overexpression transformants. Results The results suggested that treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 alleviated the accumulation of lactic acid under heat stress and downregulated the expression of the phosphofructokinase (pfk) and pyruvate kinase (pk) genes, suggesting an ameliorative effect of trehalose on the enhanced glycolysis in P. ostreatus under heat stress. However, the upregulation of hexokinase (hk) gene expression by trehalose indicated the involvement of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in heat stress resistance. Moreover, treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 increased the gene expression level and enzymatic activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pdh) and increased the production of both the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and glutathione (GSH), confirming the effect of trehalose on alleviating oxidative damage by enhancing PPP in P. ostreatus under heat stress. Furthermore, treatment with exogenous trehalose or overexpression of tps1 ameliorated the decrease in the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) caused by heat stress, suggesting a relationship between trehalose and mitochondrial function under heat stress. Conclusions Trehalose alleviates high-temperature stress in P. ostreatus by inhibiting glycolysis and stimulating PPP activity. This study may provide further insights into the heat stress defense mechanism of trehalose in edible fungi from the perspective of intracellular metabolism.

scholarly journals Characterization and expression of high temperature stress responsive genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S94-S97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Khurana ◽  
H. Chauhan ◽  
N. Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Homology Search ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Pcr Analysis

To elucidate the effects of high temperatures, wheat plants (Triticum aestivum cv. CPAN 1676) were given heat shocks at 37°C and 42°C for two hours, and responsive genes were identified through PCR-Select Subtraction technology. Four subtractive cDNA libraries, including three forward and one reverse subtraction, were constructed from three different developmental stages. A total of 5500 ESTs were generated and 3516 high quality ESTs were submitted to Genbank. More than one third of the ESTs generated fall in unknown/no hit categories upon a homology search through BLAST analysis. A large number of high temperature responsive genes have been identified and characterized. Reverse subtraction analysis in developing grains showed extensive transcriptional changes upon heat stress as revealed by comparative analysis with forward subtraction. Differential expression was confirmed by cDNA macroarray and by northern/RT-PCR analysis. Expression analysis of wheat plants subjected to high temperature stress, after one and four days of recovery, showed fast recovery in seedling tissues. However, recovery was small in the developing seed tissue after two hours of heat stress. Ten selected genes were analysed in further detail by quantitative real-time PCR in an array of 35 different wheat tissues representing major developmental stages as well as different abiotic stresses. Tissue specificity was examined along with cross talk with other abiotic stresses and putative signalling molecules. The results obtained contribute towards understanding the regulation of genes at different developmental stages in wheat crucial to withstanding and recovery from heat stress.

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