scholarly journals A Novel Mite-Transmitted Virus with a Divided RNA Genome Closely Associated with Pigeonpea Sterility Mosaic Disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lava Kumar ◽  
A. Teifion Jones ◽  
D. V. R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Eriophyid Mite

The agent of sterility mosaic, a disease that is a major constraint on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) production in the Indian subcontinent, is transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria cajani. This agent has remained elusive for decades despite intensive efforts but we report the isolation of highly flexuous filamentous virus-like particles (VLPs) of 3 to 10 nm in width and of undefined lengths from sterility mosaic disease (SMD)-affected pigeonpea plants. Purified VLP preparations from virus-infected pigeonpea and Nicotiana benthamiana had a buoyant density in cesium chloride of 1.22 to 1.23 g cm-3 and contained a major virus-specific protein species of ≈32 kDa and 5 to 7 RNA species of ≈6.8 to 1.1 kb. The sequence of some complementary DNA clones to RNA from purified VLP preparations had no significant matches in database searches. Two oligonucleotide primers derived from one such sequence, when used in reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays, amplified a product of 321 bp specifically from SMD-affected pigeonpea plants. Purified VLP preparations were used to produce polyclonal antibodies that, in infected plants, detected the virus using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) and the virus-specific 32-kDa protein in western immunoblotting (WIB). In such assays, the virus was detected consistently in all SMD-affected pigeonpea plant samples from several different locations in India, but not in samples from symptom-free pigeonpea plants from the same locations. In experimental studies, all pigeonpea plants inoculated with viruliferous A. cajani and those plants graft-inoculated with SMD-affected tissue were infected with the virus as assessed by ELISA and WIB, but not any uninfected pigeonpea plants. This virus, tentatively named Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV), has some properties similar to virus species in the genera Tospovirus and Tenuivirus and with the eriophyid mite-transmitted High plains virus (HPV) but is distinct from these and from all other characterized viruses. The combination of novel properties shown by PPSMV and HPV suggest that they may constitute species in a new genus of plant viruses.

scholarly journals Triticum mosaic virus: A New Virus Isolated from Wheat in Kansas

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dallas L. Seifers ◽  
T. J. Martin ◽  
Tom L. Harvey ◽  
John P. Fellers ◽  
James P. Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

In 2006, a mechanically-transmissible and previously uncharacterized virus was isolated in Kansas from wheat plants with mosaic symptoms. The physiochemical properties of the virus were examined by purification on cesium chloride density gradients, electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), sequencing of the nucleotides and amino acids of the coat protein, and immunological reactivity. Purified preparations contained flexuous, rod-shaped particles that resembled potyviruses. The coat protein was estimated from SDS-PAGE to have a mass of approximately 35 kDa. Its amino acid sequence, as deduced from DNA sequencing of cloned, reverse-transcribed viral RNA and separately determined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was most closely related (49% similarity) to Sugarcane streak mosaic virus, a member of the Tritimovirus genus of the family Potyviridae. The virus gave strong positive reactions during enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using polyclonal antibodies raised against purified preparations of the cognate virus but gave consistent negative reactions against antibodies to Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV), other wheat potyviruses, and the High Plains virus. When the virus was inoculated on the WSMV-resistant wheat cv. RonL, systemic symptoms appeared and plant growth was diminished significantly in contrast with WSMV-inoculated RonL. Taken together, the data support consideration of this virus as a new potyvirus, and the name Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) is proposed.

scholarly journals Effects of Vector Maturation Time on the Dynamics of Cassava Mosaic Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Al Basir ◽  
Y. N. Kyrychko ◽  
K. B. Blyuss ◽  
S. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Cassava Mosaic Disease ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dynamical Regimes

AbstractMany plant diseases are caused by plant viruses that are often transmitted to plants by vectors. For instance, the cassava mosaic disease, which is spread by whiteflies, has a significant negative effect on plant growth and development. Since only mature whiteflies can contribute to the spread of the cassava mosaic virus, and the maturation time is non-negligible compared to whitefly lifetime, it is important to consider the effects this maturation time can have on the dynamics. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for dynamics of cassava mosaic disease that includes immature and mature vectors and explicitly includes a time delay representing vector maturation time. A special feature of our plant epidemic model is that vector recruitment is negatively related to the delayed ratio between vector density and plant density. We identify conditions of biological feasibility and stability of different steady states in terms of system parameters and the time delay. Numerical stability analyses and simulations are performed to explore the role of various parameters, and to illustrate the behaviour of the model in different dynamical regimes. We show that the maturation delay may stabilise epidemiological dynamics that would otherwise be cyclic.

scholarly journals Factors Determining Transmission of Persistent Viruses by Bemisia tabaci and Emergence of New Virus–Vector Relationships

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Ghosh ◽  
Murad Ghanim
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Persistent Viruses ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

Many plant viruses depend on insect vectors for their transmission and dissemination. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important virus vectors, transmitting more than four hundred virus species, the majority belonging to begomoviruses (Geminiviridae), with their ssDNA genomes. Begomoviruses are transmitted by B. tabaci in a persistent, circulative manner, during which the virus breaches barriers in the digestive, hemolymph, and salivary systems, and interacts with insect proteins along the transmission pathway. These interactions and the tissue tropism in the vector body determine the efficiency and specificity of the transmission. This review describes the mechanisms involved in circulative begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci, focusing on the most studied virus in this regard, namely the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its closely related isolates. Additionally, the review aims at drawing attention to the recent knowhow of unorthodox virus—B. tabaci interactions. The recent knowledge of whitefly-mediated transmission of two recombinant poleroviruses (Luteoviridae), a virus group with an ssRNA genome and known to be strictly transmitted with aphids, is discussed with its broader context in the emergence of new whitefly-driven virus diseases.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Sequencing Facilitates Discovery of New Plant Viruses in Poland

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Julia Minicka ◽  
Aleksandra Zarzyńska-Nowak ◽  
Daria Budzyńska ◽  
Natasza Borodynko-Filas ◽  
Beata Hasiów-Jaroszewska
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Recent Occurrence

Viruses cause epidemics on all major crops of agronomic importance, and a timely and accurate identification is essential for control. High throughput sequencing (HTS) is a technology that allows the identification of all viruses without prior knowledge on the targeted pathogens. In this paper, we used HTS technique for the detection and identification of different viral species occurring in single and mixed infections in plants in Poland. We analysed various host plants representing different families. Within the 20 tested samples, we identified a total of 13 different virus species, including those whose presence has not been reported in Poland before: clover yellow mosaic virus (ClYMV) and melandrium yellow fleck virus (MYFV). Due to this new finding, the obtained sequences were compared with others retrieved from GenBank. In addition, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) was also detected, and due to the recent occurrence of this virus in Poland, a phylogenetic analysis of these new isolates was performed. The analysis revealed that CABYV population is highly diverse and the Polish isolates of CABYV belong to two different phylogenetic groups. Our results showed that HTS-based technology is a valuable diagnostic tool for the identification of different virus species originating from variable hosts, and can provide rapid information about the spectrum of plant viruses previously not detected in a region.

A NON-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMER FOUND IN THE DNA OF THE SAND DOLLAR, ECHINARACHNIUS PARMA: II. PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert S. Rosenkranz
Keyword(s):  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Sedimentation Coefficient ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Acid Hydrolysate

A preliminary characterization of the non-nucleotidic component present in the DNA of Echinarachnius parma was undertaken. This material has an extremely high sedimentation coefficient (907 S). It contains no deoxyribose and presumably no ribose. After acid hydrolysis it was strongly ninhydrin-positive and also gave positive tests for reducing sugars as well as a slightly positive test for amino sugars. Upon electrophoretic analysis of an acid hydrolysate, three ninhydrinpositive spots were detected. One of these migrated to the negative electrode with a mobility identical with that of galactosamine, the other migrated to the positive electrode, and the third was neutral at pH 6.3. The spot with a mobility identical with that of galactosamine also gave a positive test for amino sugar. The material was not attacked by α-amylase. However, digestion with a crude trypsin preparation resulted in loss of the banding property in gradients of cesium chloride. Exposure to purified trypsin did not completely digest it, but caused an increase in buoyant density.

Buoyant density in cesium chloride of the human reoviruslike agent of infantile gastroenteritis by ultracentrifugation, electron microscopy, and complement fixation

Virology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Z. Kapikian ◽  
Anthony R. Kalica ◽  
J.Wai-Kuo Shih ◽  
W.Lee Cline ◽  
Thomas S. Thornhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cesium Chloride

scholarly journals Natural Infection of Verbena and Phlox by a Recently Described Member of the Carmovirus Genus

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1115-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Assis Filho ◽  
A. Harness ◽  
M. Tiffany ◽  
A. Gera ◽  
S. Spiegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
Das Elisa ◽  
Virus Testing

A novel carmovirus infecting angelonia (Angelonia angustifolia) was recently described independently by researchers in the United States, Israel, and Germany (1,2,4). Angelonia flower break virus (AnFBV) and Angelonia flower mottle virus were proposed as appropriate names for this carmovirus. The virus, causing stunting, mild leaf mottle, flower mottling, and flower breaking symptoms has been detected in naturally infected angelonia in the United States, Israel, and Germany (2,4). Here we report the first detection of natural infection of verbena (in the United States and Israel) and phlox (in the United States) by using a recently developed double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA; Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Prior to this report, verbena was considered insusceptible to carmovirus infection (3) and phlox was known as an experimental host for AnFBV (2). A comparative serological study including 27 virus species, demonstrated that DAS-ELISA did not cross-react with any viruses that commonly infect ornamentals or are related to carmoviruses, showing that the polyclonal antibodies are specific to AnFBV. Antibody specificity was confirmed by the carmovirus group PCR test (Agdia). Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with AnFBV specific primers (2) produced the expected 1172-bp band from all ELISA-positive samples tested. Between November 2005 and March 2006, AnFBV was detected in 181 of 567 verbena, 26 of 143 phlox, and 193 of 267 angelonia samples submitted to Agdia Testing Services by commercial ornamental propagators for virus testing. Most samples were asymptomatic, although a few exhibited mild leaf mottle. It should be noted that the number of AnFBV-infected samples might not accurately reflect the actual number of commercially produced plants infected with AnFBV because most of the samples analyzed originated from virus elimination programs. The detection of natural AnFBV infection of verbena, phlox, and angelonia suggests that AnFBV may be more widespread in the ornamental industry than previously thought. References: (1) S. Adkins et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 95(suppl.):S2, 2005. (2) S. Adkins et al. Phytopathology 96:460, 2006. (3) G. P. Martelli and M. Russo. Online publication. ICTVdB-The Universal Virus Database. 00.074.0.02, 2004. (4) S. Winter et al. New Disease Reports. Vol 12. Brit. Soc. Plant Pathol. Online publication, 2005.

scholarly journals Buoyant Density of the Hepatitis A Virus-Like Particle in Cesium Chloride

1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Feinstone ◽  
A. Z. Kapikian ◽  
J. L. Gerin ◽  
R. H. Purcell
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Cesium Chloride ◽  
Virus Like Particle

scholarly journals Viruses and their significance in agricultural and horticultural crops in Finland

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Tapio ◽  
Katri Bremer ◽  
Jari P. T. Valkonen
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Over 40 Years

This paper reviews the plant viruses and virus vectors that have been detected in agricultural and horticultural crop plants and some weeds in Finland. The historical and current importance of virus diseases and the methods used for controlling them in cereals, potato, berry plants, fruit trees, ornamental plants and vegetables are discussed. Plant viruses have been intensely studied in Finland over 40 years. Up to date, 44 plant virus species have been detected, and many tentatively identified viruses are also reported. Control of many virus diseases has been significantly improved. This has been achieved mainly through changes in cropping systems, production of healthy seed potatoes and healthy stocks of berry plants, fruit trees and ornamental plants in the institutes set up for such production, and improved hygiene. At the present, barley yellow dwarf luteovirus, potato Y potyvirus and potato mop-top furovirus are considred to be economically the most harmful plant viruses in Finland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document