scholarly journals Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea by Volatiles of ‘Isabella’ Grapes

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni K. Kulakiotu ◽  
Constantine C. Thanassoulopoulos ◽  
Evangelos M. Sfakiotakis
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Antifungal Action

The effect of volatiles from cv. Isabella (Vitis labrusca) on the growth of Botrytis cinerea was tested in vitro and in situ, in the latter case on ‘Roditis’ grapes (V. vinifera), at various temperatures. The goal of the research was to determine whether the volatiles emitted by Isabella grapes could be effective biocontrol agents of Botrytis cinerea. The closed Mariotte system was used as a bioassay method to analyze quantitatively the biological action of these volatiles on fungal growth and disease development. The in vitro experiments revealed the inhibitory action of the Isabella volatiles on the sporulation and sclerotia formation of the fungus, as well as the stimulating action of the Roditis volatiles on the sporulation of the fungus. The in situ study confirmed the antifungal action of the Isabella volatiles as they reduced the inoculum and pathogenicity of B. cinerea. The antibiotic action was more pronounced at 21°C. The study indicates that Isabella volatiles act as biocontrol agents of B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Postharvest Biological Control of Botrytis cinerea on Kiwifruit by Volatiles of [Isabella] Grapes

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni K. Kulakiotu ◽  
Constantine C. Thanassoulopoulos ◽  
Evangelos M. Sfakiotakis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The potential of volatile substances emitted by ‘Isabella’ grapes (Vitis labrusca) to control gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) was studied. The closed Mariotte system was used as a bioassay method to analyze quantitatively the biological action of these volatiles on B. cinerea growth. In vivo experiments compared the effects of volatiles from ‘Isabella’ grapes versus volatiles from ‘Roditis’ grapes (V. vinifera) and a B. cinerea control on the growth and disease development of B. cinerea on kiwifruit. The effect of the volatiles on the growth of B. cinerea was tested at various temperatures and times of inoculation after the wounding of kiwifruit, as well as using various weights and developmental stages of the grapes. The ‘Isabella’ volatiles limited the incidence of infection by reducing both the inoculum density and the activity of the pathogen. The weight and developmental stage of the grapes were important in the degree of inhibitory action of the ‘Isabella’ volatiles. The inhibitory action was more pronounced at 21°C irrespective of the inoculation time after wounding. The study shows the potential for successful biological control of B. cinerea on kiwifruit by volatiles from ‘Isabella’ grapes.

scholarly journals Effects of Fruit and Pollen Exudates on Growth of Botrytis cinerea and Infection of Plum and Nectarine Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Fourie ◽  
G. Holz
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Sugar Release ◽  
Hexose Sugars

Sugars in exudates from Harry Pickstone plum and Sunlite nectarine fruit and from pollen of weeds commonly found in orchards were determined by gas-liquid chromatography, and their effect on the development of Botrytis cinerea was determined in vitro and in vivo. Fructose, glucose, and sorbitol were the only sugars detected in exudates of immature fruit. They occurred at low concentrations, but their concentration generally increased as fruit ripened. Sucrose was first detected during maturation. In nectarine, an increase in sugar concentration, especially sucrose, was pronounced during the period of rapid cell enlargement, which occurred approximately 2 weeks before harvest. Absorbance readings of culture media amended with sugar indicated that the hexose sugars (fructose and glucose) and sucrose did not markedly influence growth of B. cinerea at concentrations below 0.22 and 0.12 mM, respectively. The hexose sugars caused a steady increase in growth when supplied at concentrations in excess of 0.44 mM, and sucrose caused a steady increase in growth at 0.23 mM. The stimulatory effect of fruit exudates on growth of B. cinerea on glass slides coincided with the period of rapid sugar release from the fruit and the shift in susceptibility to decay. Only fructose (1.72 mM) and glucose (0.72 mM) were detected in nectarine pollen exudates. Pollen exudates from weeds stimulated fungal growth and significantly increased the aggressiveness of the pathogen on plum and nectarine fruit when added to conidia during the last 4 weeks prior to the picking-ripe stage. The study showed that changes in the composition of nectarine and plum fruit exudates may contribute to the late-season susceptibility of these fruit to B. cinerea infection.

The Erosive Potential of Different Malt Drinks: An in vitro and in situ study

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esber Çaglar ◽  
Sule Kavaloglu Cildir ◽  
Nuket Sandalli
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Water Control ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Spring ◽  
Erosive Effect

Objectives: Whereas the potential effect of acidic drinks in the etiology of dental erosion is well recognized the role of malt drinks is unclear. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro erosive effect on enamel produced by different aromated malt drinks. A secondary objective was to compare their erosive effects in situ with those determined in vitro. Materials and methods: To select the malt drink for the study in situ, six commercially available malt drinks were examined for erosive potential in vitro. The study in situ was a single centre, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover study to compare the erosive effect of a commercially available malt drink (Test), with that of natural spring water (Control), over 10 day periods on 10 healthy volunteers. Subjects wore upper removable appliances containing two human enamel specimens from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The regimen of intake of the drinks was 250 ml at midday. Measurements of enamel loss were made on samples after 5 and 10 days by profilometry. Results: The in situ study showed a statistically significant difference in erosive potential between the test and control beverages. No specimen exposed to the control beverage displayed appreciable erosion. Erosion occurred with the test drink, but to a variable degree between subjects. Conclusions: Malt drinks should be considered as potentially erosive as the results for enamel specimens exposed to the test beverage in the clinical study showed a degree of erosion that varied greatly between different participants. It is likely that under these conditions an increase in the degree of erosion would be observed in children and young people who consume malt drinks.

scholarly journals Protective effect of green tea catechins on eroded human dentin: an in vitro/in situ study

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Denise Rodrigues DE MORAES ◽  
Vanara Florêncio PASSOS ◽  
Gislaine Cristina PADOVANI ◽  
Lady Clarissa Brito da Rocha BEZERRA ◽  
Ilka Maria VASCONCELOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Tea Catechins ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Green Tea Catechins ◽  
Human Dentin

scholarly journals Effect of different storage conditions on the physical properties of bleached enamel: An in vitro vs. in situ study

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1154-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Zeczkowski ◽  
Livia Maria Andaló Tenuta ◽  
Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano ◽  
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽  
Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
In Situ Study

scholarly journals Variability of Three Isolates of Botrytis cinerea Affects the Inhibitory Effects of Calcium on this Fungus

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine O. Chardonnet ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Robert N. Trigiano ◽  
William S. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Polygalacturonase Activity

Botrytis cinerea is an economically important pathogen. Epidemiological studies are difficult because of the genetic variability within this species. The objectives of this work were to study the variability and to compare the inhibitory effects of Ca on three isolates of B. cinerea from decayed apple (B) and grape (C and C77:4). Among these isolates, B had the least radial growth but had a sporulation rate 40% higher than that of both C77:4 and C. In situ, isolate C incited the largest decay area in the fruit of two of four apple cultivars examined and had the highest polygalacturonase activity in vitro. Maximum mycelial growth was reached with CaCl2 at 1 g liter-1 for isolates B and C77:4 and at 4 g liter-1 for isolate C. Calcium (CaCl2) inhibited polygalacturonase activity at 1 g liter-1 for C and C77:4 and at 16 g liter-1 for B. Calcium infiltration reduced decay caused by all three isolates by three to five times. Mycelial DNA analysis showed that 42% of the character loci scored were polymorphic and the greatest similarities were found between B and C77:4. These results support the evidence that the biological and statistical variability in research can be affected by the B. cinerea isolate selected. Despite this variation, Ca treatment of apples reduced decay caused by all three Botrytis cinerea isolates.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Polyamine Biosynthesis Inhibitors and Calcium Chloride on In Vitro Growth and Decay Development in Apples Caused by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Saftner ◽  
William S. Conway ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Decay Development

Three polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), α-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), and α-methylornithine (MeOrn), alone and in combination with CaCl2, were tested for their ability to reduce in vitro growth and soft rot development in apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. and Penicillium expansum Link. All three inhibitors reduced the in vitro growth of the pathogens. Calcium had no effect on fungal growth in vitro. Pressure infiltration of millimolar concentrations of DFMO or DFMA or 25 g·L-1 CaCl2 solutions into apples reduced subsequent soft rot development by B. cinerea and P. expansum >40%. A combination treatment of Ca and DFMO or DFMA reduced decay >67%. Treatment of apples with MeOrn was less effective at inhibiting decay development. None of the inhibitors affected polyamine levels in apple cortical tissues. Some injury to the fruit surface was observed with Ca treatments. Fruit treated with Ca and any of the inhibitors were less firm than those treated with Ca alone. Specific polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in combination with Ca may prove useful in reducing postharvest decay in apples.

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