scholarly journals Epidemiological Characterization of Lettuce Drop and Biophysical Features of the Host Identify Soft Stem as a Susceptibility Factor to Sclerotinia minor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bullo Erena Mamo ◽  
Renée L. Eriksen ◽  
Neil D. Adhikari ◽  
Ryan J Hayes ◽  
Beiquan Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Susceptibility Factor ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Lettuce Drop ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

The soilborne fungus Sclerotinia minor was not known to produce sclerotia in the stems of infected and uncollapsed Lactuca standing intact until our observation in a greenhouse in 2017. We investigated lettuce–environment–S. minor interactions in two tolerant and four susceptible Lactuca genotypes to determine putative risk factors and targets for disease control. Symptomatological, pathophysiological, developmental, basal stem biophysical, and microclimate responses (27 variables) of the genotypes were determined under field and/or greenhouse conditions. Distinct patterns of infection responses were observed between modern cultivars and their primitive/wild relatives. The modern cultivars were susceptible to rapid basal stem and root degradations by S. minor. The oil-seed lettuce PI 251246 and the wild L. serriola 11-G99 were resilient to degradations and significantly deterred mycelium emergence and symptom development, but sclerotia formed to a significantly higher height in their stems. Photosynthetic efficiency declined rapidly within 1-day postinoculation (dpi) in susceptible plants but remained intact ~5–6 dpi in the tolerant 11-G99. Stomatal conductance spiked rapidly in 11-G99 plants within 1–3 dpi, coinciding with the emergence of fungal mycelia at the crown. A strong negative correlation detected between basal stem degradation severity/collapse and stem mechanical strength indicated that stem strength-mediated genetic factors determine the outcome of Sclerotinia infections of the host. Soft stem is a prominent lettuce drop susceptibility factor that could be targeted in resistance breeding. It also provides the prelude for the analysis of the biological basis of plant architecture-mediated resistance to Sclerotinia spp. in lettuce and other hosts.

Epidemiological Characterization of the Infection by Treponema Pallidum in Pregnant Women in Beira City, Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nchowela Guido
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization ◽  
Active Syphilis ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Introduction: Syphilis is one of several diseases that can be transmitted during pregnancy and childbirth, which can lead to complications during pregnancy and in the newborn. This is especially so when the pregnant woman is not diagnosed or treated properly and in a timely manner. Methodology: Data from 262 pregnant women prospectively included, aged 18-41years, attended at the Ponta Gêa Health Centre for antenatal clinics has been analyzed from January to September of 2016. In the prospective study, a rapid treponemal and a non-treponemal test were performed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio demographic and clinical variables, which was developed from the literature review. Results: The prevalence of active syphilis was 11.8%; the majority of reactive pregnant women were aged 18-25years (55.4%), (61.3%) of pregnant women were treated with doses below those recommended; only a small number of the partners were treated successfully. The highest seroprevalence of syphilis was found in housewives (77%), in those who attended primary education (71.6%) in those who had a monthly income of 1000- 3000 MZN (70.3%), in those with two or more pregnancies (55.7%) and living with someone has husband and wife (63.5%). The syphilis/HIV co-infection rate was high. Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, urgent measures are needed to assess the problems encountered and to improve the screening approach, treatment and monitoring of syphilis during pregnancy in order to prevent the cases of congenital syphilis.

Characterization of Soybean Storage and Allergen Proteins Affected by Environmental and Genetic Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savithiry Natarajan ◽  
Farooq Khan ◽  
Qijian Song ◽  
Sukla Lakshman ◽  
Perry Cregan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors

scholarly journals Epidemiological characterization of ophidian accidents in a Colombian tertiary referral hospital. Retrospective study 2004-2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Karen Sarmiento ◽  
Ivonne Torres ◽  
Mariana Guerra ◽  
Carolina Ríos ◽  
Carlos Zapata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

Introducción. En Colombia se presentan 5 000 casos de ofidismo anuales, un problema de salud pública que por manejo inadecuado provoca mortalidad en el 8% de los casos y discapacidad en el 10%.Objetivo. Describir las características clínicoepidemiológicas de los pacientes diagnosticados con accidente ofídico en un hospital de tercer nivel en Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de las historias clínicas con diagnóstico de ofidismo del Hospital Universitario De La Samaritana Empresa Social del Estado, en el período 2004-2014, analizando la frecuencia en las variables asociadas a la mordedura de serpiente, el tratamiento previo y el manejo intrahospitalario.Resultados. Se revisaron 42 historias clínicas. Predominó el ofidismo en hombres agricultores, con mordedura en miembros inferiores y asistidos inicialmente por curanderos. 90% de los pacientes presentó sobreinfección, 30% tuvo cultivo de la herida, 74% recibió antibiótico, al 50% se les realizó fasciotomía y al 95.2% se le suministró antiveneno.Conclusiones. Se evidenció variabilidad en el manejo de los pacientes y discrepancia en la dosis de antiveneno y la clasificación de severidad del envenenamiento, alta incidencia de infecciones a pesar del esquema antibiótico y procedimientos quirúrgicos reevaluados en ofidismo. El manejo médico del accidente ofídico debe estar en continua actualización para disminuir discapacidad y mortalidad en los pacientes.

scholarly journals Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the epidemiological characterization ofStaphylococcus intermediusimplicated in a food-related outbreak

1994 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khambaty ◽  
R. W. Bennett ◽  
D. B. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pfge Pattern ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

SUMMARYAn outbreak of food intoxication involving over 265 cases in western United States occurred in October 1991.Staphylococcus intermediuswas implicated as the aetiologic agent. Representative outbreak isolates (five clinical and ten from foods) produced type A enterotoxin. DNA fragments generated by four restriction endonucleases and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) provided definitive evidence that all isolates from nine different counties in California and Nevada were derived from a single strain. The PFGE pattern of these outbreak isolates was distinct from those of a heterogeneous collection of sevenS. intermediusstrains of veterinary origin and five unrelatedS. aureuslaboratory strains. The data show a significant PFGE pattern heterogeneity not only among members of differentStaphylococcusspecies but also within members of the same species and even the same enterotoxin type. The results indicate that PFGE is a valuable strain-specific discriminator for the epidemiological characterization ofS. intermedius. To our knowledge, this represents the first documented foodborne outbreak caused byS. intermedius. These findings suggest that the presence ofS. intermediusand other species such asS. hyicusin food should be reason for concern.

scholarly journals Molecular Typing ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeIsolates by Opa-Typing and Ribotyping in New Delhi, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejvak Khaki ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Ahmad Mir Fayaz ◽  
Sohiela Moradi Bidhendi ◽  
Majid Esmailzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

Control and preventive measures for gonococcal infections are based on precise epidemiological characteristics ofN. gonorrhoeaeisolates. In the present study the potential utility of opa-typing and ribotyping for molecular epidemiological study of consecutive gonococcal strains was determined. Sixty gonococcal isolates were subjected to ribotyping with two restriction enzymes,AvaII andHincII, and opa-typing withTaqI andHpaII for epidemiological characterization of gonococcal population. Ribotyping withAvaII yielded 6 ribotype patterns while twelve RFLP patterns were observed withHincII. Opa-typing of the 60 isolates revealed a total 54 opa-types, which 48 were unique and 6 formed clusters. Fifty-two opa-types were observed withTaqI-digested PCR product while opa-typing withHpaII demonstrated 54 opa-types. The opa-types from isolates that were epidemiologically unrelated were distinct, whereas those from the sexual contacts were identical. The results showed that opa-typing is highly useful for characterizing gonococcal strains from sexual contacts and has more discriminatory than ribotyping that could differentiate between gonococci of the same ribotype. The technique even with a single restriction enzyme has a high level of discrimination (99.9%) between epidemiologically unrelated isolates. In conclusion, the molecular methods such as opa-typing and ribotyping can be used for epidemiological characterization of gonococcal strains.

Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Enterobacterial Multidrug-Resistant Strains in Tlemcen Hospital (Algeria) (2008–2010)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaket Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani ◽  
Dominique Decré ◽  
Nathalie Genel ◽  
Zahia Boucherit-Otmani ◽  
Guillaume Arlet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Epidemiological Characterization

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of Pepper mild mottle virus in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Milosevic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Maja Ignjatov ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus ◽  
Das Elisa

During 2009 and 2010, a survey was conducted in pepper crops to detect the possible presence of Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in Serbia. A total of 239 pepper samples from 39 crops at 26 localities were collected and analyzed for the presence of PMMoV, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), using DAS-ELISA test. Although it was detected in a small percentage, PMMoV could pose a threat to pepper production in Serbia due to its rapid seed-borne spread. Presence of PMMoV was confirmed by serological and biological detection, followed by conventional reverse transcription RT-PCR, using primers specific for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the coat protein (CP) genes. Molecular identification confirmed that the Serbian isolates belong to PMMoV pathotypes P1,2 which do not break the resistance gene L3. Reconstructed phylogenetic tree confirmed the allocation of the Serbian isolates together with the majority of PMMoV isolates which belong to pathotypes P1,2. This study represents the first serological and molecular characterization of PMMoV infection of pepper in Serbia, and provides important data on the population structure. The obtained data could have great influence on pepper production in Serbia as well as future pepper resistance breeding in the country.

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