scholarly journals Talking in Circles: Undergraduate Biochemistry Student Conceptions About Biochemical Pathway Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy Terrell ◽  
Sarah Moulds
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Student Conceptions ◽  
Pathway Regulation

Lysosome Targeting Chimeras (LYTACs) for the Degradation of Secreted and Membrane Proteins

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Banik ◽  
Kayvon Pedram ◽  
Simon Wisnovsky ◽  
Nicholas Riley ◽  
Carolyn Bertozzi
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Programmed Death Ligand 1 ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Powerful Strategy

<p>Targeted protein degradation is a powerful strategy to address the canonically undruggable proteome. However, current technologies are limited to targets with cytosolically-accessible and ligandable domains. Here, we designed and synthesized conjugates capable of binding both a cell surface lysosome targeting receptor and the extracellular domain of a target protein. These lysosome targeting chimeras (LYTACs) consist of an antibody fused to agonist glycopeptide ligands for the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR). LYTACs enabled a CRISPRi knockdown screen revealing the biochemical pathway for CI-M6PR-mediated cargo internalization. We demonstrated that LYTACs mediate efficient degradation of Apolipoprotein-E4, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD71, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). LYTACs represent a modular strategy for directing secreted and membrane proteins for degradation in the context of both basic research and therapy. <b></b></p>

Bioinformatics Analysis Identifies CPZ as a Tumor Immunology Biomarker For Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gu ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xiaodan Tang ◽  
Huizhong Xia ◽  
Kunhe Shi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Pathway Regulation

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. However, the biomarkers for the prognosis and diagnosis of Gastric cancer were still need. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate whether CPZ could be a potential biomarker for GC. Method: Kaplan-Meier plotter (http://kmplot.com/analysis/) was used to determine the correlation between CPZ expression and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) time in GC [9]. We analyzed CPZ expression in different types of cancer and the correlation of CPZ expression with the abundance of immune infiltrates, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells, via gene modules using TIMER Database. Results: The present study identified that CPZ was overexpressed in multiple types of human cancer, including Gastric cancer. We found that overexpression of CPZ correlates to the poor prognosis of patients with STAD. Furthermore, our analyses show that immune infiltration levels and diverse immune marker sets are correlated with levels of CPZ expression in STAD. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CPZ was involved in regulating multiple pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, regulation of cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization, collagen fibril organization, collagen catabolic process. Conclusion: This study for the first time provides useful information to understand the potential roles of CPZ in tumor immunology and validate it to be a potential biomarker for GC.

Wnt pathway regulation by long-term moderate exercise in rat hippocampus

2014 ◽  
Vol 1543 ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bayod ◽  
I. Menella ◽  
S. Sanchez-Roige ◽  
J.F. Lalanza ◽  
R.M. Escorihuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Pathway Regulation

scholarly journals Creating enzymes and self-sufficient cells for biosynthesis of the non-natural cofactor nicotinamide cytosine dinucleotide

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Yanbin Feng ◽  
Xiaojia Guo ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Siyang Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Redox Transformations ◽  
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Binding Pockets ◽  
Pathway Regulation

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its reduced form are indispensable cofactors in life. Diverse NAD mimics have been developed for applications in chemical and biological sciences. Nicotinamide cytosine dinucleotide (NCD) has emerged as a non-natural cofactor to mediate redox transformations, while cells are fed with chemically synthesized NCD. Here, we create NCD synthetase (NcdS) by reprograming the substrate binding pockets of nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) adenylyltransferase to favor cytidine triphosphate and nicotinamide mononucleotide over their regular substrates ATP and NaMN, respectively. Overexpression of NcdS alone in the model host Escherichia coli facilitated intracellular production of NCD, and higher NCD levels up to 5.0 mM were achieved upon further pathway regulation. Finally, the non-natural cofactor self-sufficiency was confirmed by mediating an NCD-linked metabolic circuit to convert L-malate into D-lactate. NcdS together with NCD-linked enzymes offer unique tools and opportunities for intriguing studies in chemical biology and synthetic biology.

Role of Akt signaling pathway regulation in the speckled mousebird (Colius striatus) during torpor displays tissue specific responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 109763
Author(s):  
Stuart R. Green ◽  
Rasha Al-Attar ◽  
Andrew E. McKechnie ◽  
Samantha Naidoo ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Pathway Regulation

scholarly journals Biology of Heme in Mammalian Erythroid Cells and Related Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Fujiwara ◽  
Hideo Harigae
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Iron Acquisition ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Heme Biosynthesis ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Human Disorders ◽  
Pathway Regulation

Heme is a prosthetic group comprising ferrous iron (Fe2+) and protoporphyrin IX and is an essential cofactor in various biological processes such as oxygen transport (hemoglobin) and storage (myoglobin) and electron transfer (respiratory cytochromes) in addition to its role as a structural component of hemoproteins. Heme biosynthesis is induced during erythroid differentiation and is coordinated with the expression of genes involved in globin formation and iron acquisition/transport. However, erythroid and nonerythroid cells exhibit distinct differences in the heme biosynthetic pathway regulation. Defects of heme biosynthesis in developing erythroblasts can have profound medical implications, as represented by sideroblastic anemia. This review will focus on the biology of heme in mammalian erythroid cells, including the heme biosynthetic pathway as well as the regulatory role of heme and human disorders that arise from defective heme synthesis.

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