Agricultural Activities and Pesticide Exposure: Elaboration of a Matrix for Use in Epidemiological Studies

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S367
Author(s):  
M Barrau ◽  
P Lebailly ◽  
P Fabbro-Peray ◽  
A Gruber ◽  
E Boutet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Agricultural Activities

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Carbonylated Proteins from the Striatum and Cortex of Pesticide-Treated Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Coughlan ◽  
Douglas I. Walker ◽  
Kelly M. Lohr ◽  
Jason R. Richardson ◽  
Laura M. Saba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Proteomic Analyses

Epidemiological studies indicate exposures to the herbicide paraquat (PQ) and fungicide maneb (MB) are associated with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oxidative stress appears to be a premier mechanism that underlies damage to the nigrostriatal dopamine system in PD and pesticide exposure. Enhanced oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation and production of reactive aldehydes; therefore, we conducted proteomic analyses to identify carbonylated proteins in the striatum and cortex of pesticide-treated mice in order to elucidate possible mechanisms of toxicity. Male C57BL/6J mice were treated biweekly for 6 weeks with saline, PQ (10 mg/kg), MB (30 mg/kg), or the combination of PQ and MB (PQMB). Treatments resulted in significant behavioral alterations in all treated mice and depleted striatal dopamine in PQMB mice. Distinct differences in 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins were observed in the striatum and cortex. Proteomic analyses identified carbonylated proteins and peptides from the cortex and striatum, and pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment in a variety of KEGG pathways. Further analysis showed enrichment in proteins of the actin cytoskeleton in treated samples, but not in saline controls. These data indicate that treatment-related effects on cytoskeletal proteins could alter proper synaptic function, thereby resulting in impaired neuronal function and even neurodegeneration.

Pajanan Pestisida Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Amanda Luky Ernawati ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Female Farmers

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the causes of infants death. One of the factors that is proven to be associated with  LBW incidence is pesticide exposure to pregnant women. The high number of female farmers in the agricultural sector will increase the risk of pesticide exposure in pregnant women. Objectives: This study aims to describe how pesticide exposure can be a risk factor for the incidence of LBW. Research method: This study is a systematic study that used meta-synthesis aggregation approach. The search for articles focused on articles that examined the risk factors for pesticide exposure on the incidence of LBW in pregnant women which was conducted on the online databases of Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Springer, Google Scholar, and Garuda Portal. The criteria for the articles used were national observational journals indexed at least 4 and indexed international journals published in 2010-2020. Result: There were 8 articles that match to the criteria and research topic. Factors that were proven to increase the risk of LBW incidence in pregnant women were agricultural activities related to pesticide, participation in agricultural activities, completeness of PPE, storage of pesticide, duration of exposure to pesticide, frequency of exposure to pesticide, amount of pesticide mixture, and types of pesticide used. Conclusion: Pesticide exposure to pregnant women causes the accumulation of pesticide residues in the body, thus reducing the formation of thyroid hormones and IGF-1 which can cause LBW.   Keywords: low birth weight; pesticide exposure; pregnant women

Pyrethroid pesticide exposure and hematological cancer: epidemiological, biological and molecular evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Pilar Navarrete-Meneses ◽  
Patricia Pérez-Vera
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Hematological Cancer ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Cellular Effects ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Pyrethroid Pesticide ◽  
Carcinogenic Process ◽  
Genetic Rearrangements

Abstract Pyrethroid insecticides are commonly used worldwide. The chronic effects of these compounds are of concern given that epidemiological studies have suggested an association with hematological cancer, particularly in children. However, the biological evidence at molecular and cellular levels is limited. A review on the molecular and cellular effects of pyrethroids is helpful to guide the study of the biological plausibility of the association of pyrethroids with hematological cancer. We reviewed studies suggesting that pyrethroids are genotoxic, induce genetic rearrangements, alter gene expression and modify DNA. All of these biological modifications could potentially contribute to the carcinogenic process in hematopoietic cells.

scholarly journals O1A.1 Pesticide exposure of workers during treatment and re-entry tasks in apple-growing: results from the canepa study in france

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A2.2-A2
Author(s):  
Mathilde Bureau ◽  
Béatrix Béziat ◽  
Geoffroy Duporté ◽  
Yannick Lecluse ◽  
Xavier Schwall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dermal Exposure ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Hail Net ◽  
South West ◽  
Pesticide Exposures ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Opening And Closing

Few studies were performed to assess workers’ exposure to pesticides in orchards and even less during re-entry activities. However, nearly 40 pesticide treatments per year are carried out in apple-growing especially against fungal diseases, mainly scab. In order to characterize pesticide exposures of farmers in epidemiological studies, we performed a non-controlled field study in 3 regions of France (Normandy, South-West and Rhône-Alpes) in apple orchards during the 2016 and 2017 seasons. We observed the activity of the workers trying to disrupt it as little as possible. Workers’ external contamination and their determinants were assessed during 158 working days, corresponding to 31 treatment days (including mixing, spraying and equipment cleaning), 69 re-entry days (including apple hand-thinning, anti-hail net opening and closing tasks) and 58 harvesting days. We performed both detailed observations of work characteristics on the whole day (including an ergonomic approach) and pesticide measurements for dermal contamination during each task (following the OCDE guidelines). Potential dermal exposure was measured with cotton pads placed onto the skin (11 body areas), and cotton gloves or hand rinsing for each task. Captan and dithianon, fungicides representative of pesticide use in apple-growing, were used as markers for exposure. Relative contribution of the different body areas to total exposure was assessed. In addition, to investigate potential sources of contamination, we measured dislodgeable residues in the environment of the workers by analyzing leaf and fruit samples and surfaces of work equipment. Results indicated that workers’ dermal exposure was higher during re-entry tasks than treatments and harvests. The median dermal contamination during treatment was 4.03 mg of active ingredients per day, levels ranging from 0.95 mg to 64.19 mg. Most of the contamination was observed on the hands, especially during mixing. We will focus our presentation on levels and main determinants of pesticide exposure during treatment tasks.

Occupational pesticide use and self-reported olfactory impairment in US farmers

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106818
Author(s):  
Srishti Shrestha ◽  
David M Umbach ◽  
Laura E Beane Freeman ◽  
Stella Koutros ◽  
Michael C R Alavanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Petroleum Distillates ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ObjectivesPesticide exposure may impair human olfaction, but empirical evidence is limited. We examined associations between occupational use of 50 specific pesticides and olfactory impairment, both self-reported, among 20 409 participants in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort of pesticide applicators (mostly farmers, 97% male).MethodsWe used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between pesticide use at enrolment (1993–1997) and olfactory impairment reported two decades later (2013–2016), adjusting for baseline covariates.ResultsAbout 10% of participants reported olfactory impairment. The overall cumulative days of any pesticide use at enrolment were associated with a higher odds of reporting olfactory impairment (OR (highest vs lowest quartile): 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.34), p-trend = 0.003). In the analyses of 50 specific pesticides, ever-use of 20 pesticides showed modest associations with olfactory impairment, with ORs ranging from 1.11 to 1.33. Of these, higher lifetime days of use of 12 pesticides were associated with higher odds of olfactory impairment compared with never use (p-trend ≤ 0.05), including two organochlorine insecticides (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and lindane), two organophosphate insecticides (diazinon and malathion), permethrin, the fungicide captan and six herbicides (glyphosate, petroleum distillates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and metribuzin), although many of these did not exhibit clear, monotonic exposure-response patterns.ConclusionOverall, we found relatively broad associations between pesticides and olfactory impairment, involving many individual pesticides and covering several chemical classes, suggesting that pesticides could affect olfaction through multiple pathways. Future epidemiological studies with objective measurement of olfaction are required to confirm these findings.

Pesticide exposure as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Malek ◽  
Aaron Barchowsky ◽  
Robert Bowser ◽  
Ada Youk ◽  
Evelyn O. Talbott
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Exposure to non-persistent pesticides and puberty timing: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Castiello ◽  
Carmen Freire
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Androgenic Activity ◽  
Pubertal Delay ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Puberty Onset ◽  
Persistent Pesticides

Background: Numerous modern non-persistent pesticides have demonstrated estrogenic/anti-androgenic activity and have been classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Processes involved in puberty development are vulnerable to EDCs, such as compounds that interfere with the metabolism or activity of sex steroids. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of epidemiological studies on the relationship between early-life exposure to non-persistent pesticides and puberty timing and/or sexual maturation in girls and boys. Methods: A systematic search was carried out using MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, including original articles published up to November 2020. Results: Thirteen studies were selected after excluding non-original and non-human studies. Exposure to different types of pesticides has been associated with altered puberty timing in girls and/or boys in eight studies. In utero exposure to atrazine has been related to earlier age of menarche in girls; exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides has been related to delayed sexual development in boys and girls; childhood pyrethroid exposure has been associated with pubertal delay in girls and pubertal advancement in boys; and prenatal/childhood exposure to multiple pesticides has been linked to earlier puberty onset in girls and pubertal delay in boys. Conclusions: Most of the reviewed studies describe a relationship between pesticide exposure and changes in the age of puberty onset or sex hormone levels, although the quality of the evidence is generally low. Further well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted on specific classes of pesticides and on possible interactions between different types of compounds.

scholarly journals Occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory health

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (136) ◽  
pp. 306-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mamane ◽  
Isabelle Baldi ◽  
Jean-François Tessier ◽  
Chantal Raherison ◽  
Ghislaine Bouvier
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

This article aims to review the available literature regarding the link between occupational exposure to pesticides and respiratory symptoms or diseases. Identification of epidemiological studies was performed using PubMed. 41 articles were included, 36 regarding agricultural workers and five regarding industry workers.Among the 15 cross-sectional studies focusing on respiratory symptoms and agricultural pesticide exposure, 12 found significant associations with chronic cough, wheeze, dyspnoea, breathlessness or chest tightness. All four studies on asthma found a relationship with occupational exposure, as did all three studies on chronic bronchitis. The four studies that performed spirometry reported impaired respiratory function linked to pesticide exposure, suggestive of either obstructive or restrictive syndrome according to the chemical class of pesticide.12 papers reported results from cohort studies. Three out of nine found a significant relationship with increased risk of wheeze, five out of nine with asthma and three out of three with chronic bronchitis. In workers employed in pesticide production, elevated risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (two studies out of three) and impaired respiratory function suggestive of an obstructive syndrome (two studies out of two) were reported.In conclusion, this article suggests that occupational exposure to pesticides is associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms, asthma and chronic bronchitis, but the causal relationship is still under debate.

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