Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height?

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1402-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAARTEN F. BOBBERT ◽  
KARIN G. M. GERRITSEN ◽  
MARIA C. A. LITJENS ◽  
ARTHUR J. VAN SOEST
Keyword(s):  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump

Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Juan José Salinero ◽  
Javier Abían-Vicen ◽  
Francisco Areces ◽  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Placebo Control Trial ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
The Hours

P-Synephrine is a protoalkaloid widely used as an ergogenic aid in sports. This substance has been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency monitoring program, although scientific information about its effects on performance and athletes’ well-being is scarce. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effectiveness of p-synephrine to increase performance in sprint athletes. In a randomized and counterbalanced order, 13 experienced sprinters performed 2 acute experimental trials after the ingestion of p-synephrine (3 mg·kg−1) or after the ingestion of a placebo (control trial). Forty-five minutes after the ingestion of the substances, the sprinters performed a squat jump, a countermovement jump, a 15-s repeated jump test, and subsequently performed 60-m and 100-m simulated sprint competitions. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess side-effect prevalence. In comparison with the control trial, the ingestion of p-synephrine did not change countermovement jump height (37.4 ± 4.2 vs 36.7 ± 3.3 cm, respectively; P = 0.52), squat jump height (34.4 ± 3.6 vs 33.9 ± 3.7 cm; P = 0.34), or average 15-s repeated jumps height (31.8 ± 4.1 vs 32.2 ± 3.6 cm; P = 0.18). P-Synephrine did not modify maximal running speed during the 60-m (9.0 ± 0.5 vs 9.0 ± 0.4 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.55) and 100-m sprint competitions (8.8 ± 0.5 vs 8.8 ± 0.5 m·s−1, respectively; P = 0.92). The ingestion of p-synephrine did not alter the prevalence of headache, gastrointestinal discomforts, muscle pain, or insomnia during the hours following the tests. Acute consumption of 3 mg·kg−1 of p-synephrine was ineffective to increase performance in competitive sprint athletes. Moreover, p-synephrine did not increase the occurrence of side effects after the competition.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Maximum Strength and Vertical Jump Performance in Junior Speed Skaters

GYMNASIUM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Raluca Doina Ștef ◽  
Emilia Florina Grosu
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Maximal Isometric Force

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between back squat maximal strength, maximal isometric force, jump squat and countermovement jump and whether power training improves parameters mentioned above in well-trained speed skaters. Sixteen athletes devided in two groups, performed two maximal squat strength test and two vertical jump test before and after the intervention program. Absolute strength showed a strong correlation with squat jump height (r = 0.762, p < 0.001) and countermovement jump height (r = 0.760, p < 0.001) but also between maximal isometric force and squat jump (r = 0.418, p = 0.036). Percentage change within the experiment group were significantly different from pre to post intervention for each parameter tested in the order described, respectively: 14%; 16.8%; 14.9%; 9.1%. These results suggest that jump squat training can improve several athletic performances developing high levels of lower body strength to enhance jump performance.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength Spurts in Adolescent Male Basketball Players: The INEX Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Eduardo Guimarães ◽  
José A. R. Maia ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Filipa Sousa ◽  
Eduardo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Medicine Ball

Although successful performance in basketball requires high levels of muscular strength during adolescence, its development is confounded by the effects of normal growth. We examine the timing, intensity and sequence of muscular strength according to biological age (years from peak height velocity (PHV)) and hypothesize that young basketball players attain their peak muscular strength spurts around PHV. A total of 160 adolescent male basketballers, aged 11–15 years, were followed bi-annually over 3 consecutive years. The years from attainment of PHV and peak weight velocity (PWV) were estimated and five muscular strength measures (sit-ups, handgrip, seated medicine ball throw, squat jump and countermovement jump) were aligned to years from PHV in 3-month intervals. Strength velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical model. The mean ages at-PHV and at-PWV were 13.90 ± 1.40 years and 13.90 ± 1.79 years, respectively. Maximal velocity in sit-ups was attained 6 months prior to attainment of PHV (intensity = 10.69 repetitions·year−1), whereas maximal velocity in squat jump occurred 6 months after-PHV (intensity = 3.93 cm·year−1). Handgrip strength, seated medicine ball throw and countermovement jump maximal velocity peaked at-PHV (intensity = 8.47 kgf·year−1, intensity = 0.75 m·year−1, intensity = 5.59 cm·year−1, respectively). In general, maximal velocity spurts did not differ in their timing, with the velocities reaching a peak concurrent with PHV and PWV or within 6 months of its attainment. Basketball coaches, as well as strength and conditioning trainers, should consider individual differences in strength development and be aware of rapid periods of growth in stature when planning and designing muscular strength training regimes.

scholarly journals A Training Proposal to Improve Multidirectional Running Technique in Male and Female Handball Players: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2056
Author(s):  
Carmen Ferragut ◽  
Román Pedreira ◽  
José Julio Espina ◽  
Helena Vila
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Intervention Protocol ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Multidirectional running has been described as an important factor in team sports performance. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in T-test, 505 time, 10 m sprint, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump right leg (CMJRL), and countermovement jump left leg (CMJLL) following exposure to 12 sessions over 4 weeks of a multidirectional running sprint training intervention in male and female handball players. A total of 31 handball players (15 male and 16 female) were recruited for this study and then randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG). Male EG players showed improvements in 505 Preferred Side (PS) (p ≤ 0.05), 505 Non-Preferred Side (NPS) (p ≤ 0.05), and 10 m sprint (p ≤ 0.05), while female EG players presented statistically significant improvements between pre- and post-test for the T-test (p ≤ 0.05), 505 PS (p ≤ 0.05), 505 NPS (p ≤ 0.05), and 10 m sprint (p ≤ 0.05). No statistically significant pre- and post-test differences were observed in CG (all p ≥ 0.05) or between male and female players. We found an improvement in handball players’ agility and speed of movement following the intervention protocol, suggesting the need to introduce this program into our training sessions. It may also be necessary to select and develop more specific tests in order to evaluate multidirectional work in handball players.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Plyometric Training on Agility, Jump and Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2274
Author(s):  
Marcin Maciejczyk ◽  
Renata Błyszczuk ◽  
Aleksander Drwal ◽  
Beata Nowak ◽  
Marek Strzała
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Before And After

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of short-term (4 weeks, twice a week: 8 sessions) plyometric training on agility, jump, and repeated sprint performance in female soccer players. The study comprised 17 females performing this sports discipline. The players were randomly divided into two groups: with plyometric training (PLY) and the control (CON). All players followed the same training program, but the PLY group also performed plyometric exercises. Tests used to evaluate physical performance were carried out immediately before and after PLY. After implementing the short PLY training, significant improvement in jump performance (squat jump: p = 0.04, ES = 0.48, countermovement jump: p = 0.009, ES = 0.42) and agility (p = 0.003, ES = 0.7) was noted in the PLY group. In the CON group, no significant (p > 0.05) changes in physical performance were observed. In contrast, PLY did not improve repeated sprint performance (p > 0.05) among female soccer players. In our research, it was shown that PLY can also be effective when performed for only 4 weeks instead of the 6–12 weeks typically applied.

Effects of complex strength training with elastic band program on repeated change of direction in young female handball players: Randomized control trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110621
Author(s):  
Mehrez Hammami ◽  
Nawel Gaamouri ◽  
Yosser Cherni ◽  
Sabri Gaied ◽  
Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
Back Extensor ◽  
Experimental Group

This study examined the effect of 10-week complex strength training with elastic band program on fitness components in young female handball players. Thirty-eight handball players aged 15.8 ± 0.2 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group or control group. The experimental group performed complex strength training with elastic band twice a week over 10 weeks, which included 8 workshops of progressing set length (number of sets) and band resistance for each specific exercise. Sessions were lasted approximately 35 min. The control group maintained regular in-season training. Tests included handgrip; back extensor; medicine ball throw; 30 m sprint times; Modified Illinois change-of-direction (Illinois-MT); four jump tests (squat jump, countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms and five jump test; static (stork test) and dynamic (Y balance test) balance; and repeated sprint T-test. The experimental group enhanced all strength performance (handgrip right ( p < 0.001), handgrip left ( p < 0.001), back extensor strength ( p < 0.001) and medicine ball throw ( p < 0.001) compared to the controls); sprint performance (5 m ( p<0.001), 10 m ( p < 0.001), 20 m ( p < 0.001), and 30 m ( p < 0.001)); the change of direction (Illinois-MT ( p < 0.001)); jump performance (squat jump ( p < 0.001), countermovement jump ( p < 0.001), countermovement jump with arms ( p < 0.001), and five jump test ( p < 0.01)); and the repeated sprint T-test scores ( p<0.001in all scores). In contrast, no significant difference in both static and dynamic balance performance between experimental group and control group. Ten weeks of complex strength training with elastic band improve fitness components measures in young female handball players then habitual training.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome in Youth Female Track-and-Field Athletes: A Clinical Trial and Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Guillermo Mendez-Rebolledo ◽  
Romina Figueroa-Ureta ◽  
Fernanda Moya-Mura ◽  
Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Stress Syndrome

Context: Few reports have analyzed the effects of neuromuscular (NM) training programs on the injury incidence among youth female track-and-field athletes. Objective: To determine the effects of NM training on reducing lower limb injury incidence and to establish its effects on countermovement jump performance, balance, 30-m sprint, and joint position sense in youth female track-and-field athletes. Design: Single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Sports research laboratory. Participants: Twenty-two female athletes were allocated into 2 groups: Conventional (CONV) training (n = 11; age = 15.3 [2.1] y) and NM training (n = 11; age = 15.0 [2.7] y). Interventions: Interventions were performed during the preseason of 6 weeks. The CONV training included anaerobic, strength, and aerobic training. The NM training consisted of a multicomponent program that integrated jumps, landings, and running with strength, endurance, agility, balance, and CORE training. Main Outcome Measures: A follow-up of the cohorts was carried out through the evaluation of lower limb injuries (main outcome) during a regular season (weeks 7–18). Secondary outcomes were measured before and after the intervention: Y-balance test, active joint repositioning, ground reaction force, and countermovement jump height. Results: The injury incidence rate was 17.89 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training, and 6.58 in NM training (relative risk = 0.38; 95% confidence interval,  0.18 to 0.82; P = .044). Particularly, the medial tibial stress syndrome incidence rate was 5.96 injuries per 1000 hours athlete-exposure in CONV training and 0.82 in NM training (relative risk = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 1.12; P = .012). In addition, a significant training × time interaction was noted, favoring improvements in 30-m sprint and countermovement jump height after NM. Conclusion: The NM training may improve youth female athlete’s physical fitness and reduce their injury relative risk of medial tibial stress syndrome injury.

A Comparison of Different Modes of Morning Priming Exercise on Afternoon Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Russell ◽  
Aden King ◽  
Richard. M. Bracken ◽  
Christian. J. Cook ◽  
Thibault Giroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Sprint Cycling ◽  
Priming Exercise ◽  
Rugby Players

Purpose:To assess the effects of different modes of morning (AM) exercise on afternoon (PM) performance and salivary hormone responses in professional rugby union players.Methods:On 4 occasions (randomized, crossover design), 15 professional rugby players provided AM (~8 AM) and PM (~2 PM) saliva samples before PM assessments of countermovement-jump height, reaction time, and repeated-sprint ability. Control (passive rest), weights (bench press: 5 × 10 repetitions, 75% 1-repetition maximum, 90-s intraset recovery), cycling (6 × 6-s maximal sprint cycling, 7.5% body mass load, 54-s intraset recovery), and running (6 × 40-m maximal sprints, 20-s intraset recovery) interventions preceded (~5 h) PM testing.Results:PM sprint performance improved (P < .05) after weights (>0.15 ± 0.19 s, >2.04% ± 2.46%) and running (>0.15 ± 0.17 s, >2.12% ± 2.22%) but not cycling (P > .05). PM jump height increased after cycling (0.012 ± 0.009 m, 2.31% ± 1.76%, P < .001) and running (0.020 ± 0.009 m, 3.90% ± 1.79%, P < .001) but not weights (P = .936). Reaction time remained unchanged between trials (P = .379). Relative to control (131 ± 21 pg/mL), PM testosterone was greater in weights (21 ± 23 pg/mL, 17% ± 18%, P = .002) and running (28 ± 26 pg/mL, 22% ± 20%, P = .001) but not cycling (P = .072). Salivary cortisol was unaffected by AM exercise (P = .540).Conclusions:All modes of AM exercise improved at least 1 marker of PM performance, but running appeared the most beneficial to professional rugby union players. A rationale therefore exists for preceding PM competition with AM exercise.

Inter-limb differences in unilateral countermovement jump height are not associated with the inter-limb differences in bilateral countermovement jump force production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sergio Miras-Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
F. Javier Rojas ◽  
Danica Janicijevic ◽  
Juan Carlos De la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Force Production ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Countermovement Jump

scholarly journals Effects of Slackline Training on Acceleration, Agility, Jump Performance and Postural Control in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Rio ◽  
Luis Santos ◽  
Benjamín Fernández-García ◽  
Roberto Robles ◽  
Iván Casquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the effects of a supervised slackline training program in a group of soccer players. Thirty-four male division I under-19 players (16.64 ± 0.81 years) agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The first group (EG) followed a 6-week supervised slackline training program (3 sessions/week; 5-9 min/session), while the CG performed only regular soccer training. Several variables were assessed in all participants: acceleration (20-m sprint test), agility (90º turns test), jump performance (squat jump, countermovement jump), and postural control (Center of Pressure ( CoP) testing: length, area, speed, Xmean, Ymean, Xspeed, Yspeed, Xdeviation, Ydeviation). Ratings of perceived exertion and local muscle ratings of perceived exertions were also recorded after each slackline training session. At post-tests, there was a significant increase only in the EG in acceleration, agility, squat jump and countermovement jump performance, as well as several CoP variables: area in the bipedal support on a firm surface, and length, area and speed in the left leg on a firm surface. The program was rated as “somewhat hard” by the players, while quadriceps, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior were the most exerted muscles while slacklining. In conclusion, slackline training can be an effective training tool for young, high-level soccer players.

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