General overview of gastrointestinal precancerous lesions, precursor lesions and associated lesions

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
B C Morson
Keyword(s):  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Associated Lesions

scholarly journals Platynosomum fastosum (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) infection in a domestic cat in northeastern Brazil: high fluke burden and associated lesions Infecção por Platynosomum fastosum (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) em gato doméstico no nordeste do Brasil: alta carga parasitária e lesões associadasdoi:10.12662/2317-3076jhbs.v4i3.775.p198-202.2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Roberta Da Rocha Braga ◽  
Djan Zanchi ◽  
John Allyson Andrade Oliveira ◽  
André Costa Teixeira ◽  
Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cystic Duct ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Biliary Ducts

Introduction: Platynosomum fastosum is a dicrocoeliid fluke that infects birds and mammals, especially wild and domestic cats. Case report: A middle-aged male domestic cat was euthanized and examined. Its clinical features had included apathy, emaciation, hepatomegaly and mild jaundice on the mucosae. At necropsy, we noticed enlarged liver and dilated gallbladder. After opening the gallbladder lengthwise, multiple whitish flattened ellipsoidal structures were observed and identified as P. fastosum. The larger parasites were found in gallbladder, with significant different size from cystic duct and intrahepatic biliary ducts (p<0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed fluke-induced suppurative cholecystitis and chronic cholangitis. Precursor lesions of cholangiocarcinoma were reported. Conclusion: This report was part of the first prevalence survey of P.fastosum in municipality of Maracanaú, state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil.

Comparison of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Associated Lesions: LCM-PCR Study of 87 Lesions in 8 Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Fernández-Nestosa ◽  
Nuria Guimerà ◽  
Diego F. Sanchez ◽  
Sofía Cañete-Portillo ◽  
Antonella Lobatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Flat Lesions ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) is currently classified in human papillomavirus (HPV)- and non-HPV-related subtypes with variable HPV genotypes. PeINs are frequently associated with other intraepithelial lesions in the same specimen. The aim of this study was to detect and compare HPV genotypes in PeINs and associated lesions using high-precision laser capture microdissection-polymerase chain reaction and p16INK4a immunostaining. We evaluated resected penile specimens from 8 patients and identified 33 PeINs and 54 associated lesions. The most common subtype was warty PeIN, followed by warty-basaloid and basaloid PeIN. Associated lesions were classical condylomas (17 cases), atypical classical condylomas (2 cases), flat condylomas (9 cases), atypical flat condylomas (6 cases), flat lesions with mild atypia (12 cases), and squamous hyperplasia (8 cases). After a comparison, identical HPV genotypes were found in PeIN and associated lesions in the majority of the patients (7 of 8 patients). HPV16 was the most common genotype present in both PeIN and corresponding associated lesion (50% of the patients). Nonspecific flat lesions with mild atypia, classical condylomas, and atypical condylomas were the type of associated lesions most commonly related to HPV16. Other high-risk HPV genotypes present in PeIN and associated nonspecific flat lesion with mild atypia were HPV35 and HPV39. In this study of HPV in the microenvironment of penile precancerous lesions, we identified identical high-risk HPV genotypes in PeIN and classical, flat, or atypical condylomas and, specially, in nonspecific flat lesions with mild atypia. It is possible that some of these lesions represent hitherto unrecognized precancerous lesions.

Identifying early cancer of the uterine cervix - a look at the precursor lesions: literature integrative review

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Rosana Oliveira Melo ◽  
Regina Mendonça Lopes ◽  
Rita Rocha Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
Las Mujeres

ABSTRACTObjective: presenting a literature review reflects on the prevention of precursor lesions for cancer of the uterine cervix. Method: this is about a literature integrative study. Were used in this review: books (6), summaries of theses (5) and thesis (1) articles (7), as well as national and international publications in terms of health print and online. These materials were read and analyzed between April 2009 and July 2010. Results: upon reading and cataloging the data were organized into analytical categories: identification of risk factors, prevention, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, access to services, recognition of the subjectivity of women with precancerous lesions of the cervix. Conclusion: this study allowed reflection on the diagnosis and treatment of precursor lesions demonstrating the importance of a closer look at prevention in order to improve service access, dialogue with health professionals, as well as the quality of life and longevity of women with these lesions. Descriptors: nursing; women's health; cervix neoplasms prevention; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia;  early diagnosis.  RESUMOObjetivo: apresentar revisão da literatura sobre a importância do diagnóstico precoce das lesões precursoras para prevenção do câncer do colo do útero. Método: utilizou- se a pesquisa bibliográfica. Foram utilizados nesta revisão: livros (6), resumos de dissertações (5) e tese (1), artigos (7), além de publicações nacionais e internacionais da saúde nas modalidades impressa e online. Estes materiais foram lidos e analisados entre abril de 2009 a julho de 2010. Resultados: após a catalogação e leitura, os dados encontrados foram organizados em eixos analíticos: identificação dos fatores de risco, a prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado, acesso aos serviços, valorização da subjetividade das mulheres com lesões precursoras de câncer do colo do útero. Conclusão: este estudo permitiu reflexões sobre o diagnóstico e a terapêutica das lesões precursoras demonstrando a relevância de um olhar atento para a prevenção na perspectiva de melhorar o acesso ao serviço, o diálogo com os profissionais de saúde, bem como, a qualidade de vida e longevidade das mulheres portadoras destas lesões.      Descritores: enfermagem; saúde da mulher; prevenção de câncer de colo uterino; neoplasia intra-epitelial cervical; diagnóstico precoce. RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar una revisión de la literatura con el objetivo reflexionar sobre la prevención de las lesiones precursoras de cáncer de cuello uterino. Método: se utilizó la búsqueda bibliográfica. Se utilizaron en esta revisión: los libros (6), resúmenes de tesis (5) y la tesis (1) artículos (7), así como publicaciones nacionales e internacionales en materia de salud y de impresión en línea. Estos materiales fueron leídos y analizados entre abril de 2009 y julio de 2010. Resultados: Al momento de la lectura y la catalogación de los datos fueron organizados en    categorías de análisis: la identificación de factores de riesgo, prevención, diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento adecuado, el acceso a los servicios, el reconocimiento de la subjetividad de las mujeres con lesiones precancerosas del cuello uterino. Conclusión: este estudio permitió la reflexión sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de lesiones precursoras que demuestra la importancia de una mirada más cercana a la prevención con el fin de mejorar el acceso de servicio, el diálogo con los profesionales de la salud, así como la calidad de vida y longevidad de las mujeres con estas lesiones. Descriptores: enfermería, salud de la mujer; prevención de cáncer de cuello uterino; neoplasia intraepitelial del cuello uterino;  diagnóstico precoz.  

scholarly journals Oncogenic gene fusions in nonneoplastic precursors as evidence that bacterial infection can initiate prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (32) ◽  
pp. e2018976118
Author(s):  
Eva Shrestha ◽  
Jonathan B. Coulter ◽  
William Guzman ◽  
Busra Ozbek ◽  
Megan M. Hess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Driver Gene ◽  
Gene Fusions ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Dna Breaks

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide, and the initiating factors are unknown. Oncogenic TMPRSS2:ERG (ERG+) gene fusions are facilitated by DNA breaks and occur in up to 50% of prostate cancers. Infection-driven inflammation is implicated in the formation of ERG+ fusions, and we hypothesized that these fusions initiate in early inflammation-associated prostate cancer precursor lesions, such as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), prior to cancer development. We investigated whether bacterial prostatitis is associated with ERG+ precancerous lesions in unique cases with active bacterial infections at the time of radical prostatectomy. We identified a high frequency of ERG+ non–neoplastic-appearing glands in these cases, including ERG+ PIA transitioning to early invasive cancer. These lesions were positive for ERG protein by immunohistochemistry and ERG messenger RNA by in situ hybridization. We additionally verified TMPRSS2:ERG genomic rearrangements in precursor lesions using tricolor fluorescence in situ hybridization. Identification of rearrangement patterns combined with whole-prostate mapping in three dimensions confirmed multiple (up to eight) distinct ERG+ precancerous lesions in infected cases. We further identified the pathogen-derived genotoxin colibactin as a potential source of DNA breaks in clinical cases as well as cultured prostate cells. Overall, we provide evidence that bacterial infections can initiate driver gene alterations in prostate cancer. In addition, our observations indicate that infection-induced ERG+ fusions are an early alteration in the carcinogenic process and that PIA may serve as a direct precursor to prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Oncogenic Gene Fusions in Non-Neoplastic Precursors as Evidence that Bacterial Infection Initiates Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Shrestha ◽  
Jonathan B. Coulter ◽  
William Guzman ◽  
Busra Ozbek ◽  
Luke Mummert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Driver Gene ◽  
Gene Fusions ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Prostate Cells ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Carcinogenic Process

AbstractProstate adenocarcinoma is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men worldwide and the initiating factors are unknown. Oncogenic TMPRSS2:ERG (ERG+) gene fusions are facilitated by DNA breaks and occur in up to 50% of prostate cancers1,2. Infection-driven inflammation is implicated in the formation of ERG+ fusions3, and we hypothesized that these fusions initiate in early inflammation-associated prostate cancer precursor lesions, such as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA), prior to cancer development. We investigated whether bacterial prostatitis is associated with ERG+ precancerous lesions in unique cases with active bacterial infections at time of radical prostatectomy. We identified a high frequency of ERG+ non-neoplastic-appearing glands in these cases, including ERG+ PIA transitioning to early invasive cancer. We verified TMPRSS2:ERG genomic rearrangements in precursor lesions using tri-color fluorescence in situ hybridization. Identification of rearrangement patterns combined with whole prostate mapping in 3 dimensions confirmed multiple (up to 8) distinct ERG+ precancerous lesions in infected cases. Finally, we identified the pathogen-derived genotoxin colibactin as a potential source of DNA breaks in clinical cases as well as cultured prostate cells. Overall, we provide evidence that bacterial infections initiate driver gene alterations in prostate cancer. Furthermore, infection-induced ERG+ fusions are an early alteration in the carcinogenic process and PIA may serve as a direct precursor to prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Prospective comparative study between colposcopy and histopathology for diagnosis of CIN and carcinoma cervix

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3661
Author(s):  
Kishorkumar Hol ◽  
Shweta S. Mishra ◽  
Sameer Darawade ◽  
Hemant Damle
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Cervical cancer develops from precursor lesions and detection of these lesions is of utmost importance. The detection of precancerous lesions is made with help of screening tests most important include PAP smear and colposcopy. So we conducted this study to understand the role of colposcopy in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.Methods: We performed a prospective study between Jan 2018 to Dec 2018 on 180 subjects chosen from patients who sought consultation for various gynaecological complaints between age group of 18-60 years. A Pap smear followed by a colposcopy was performed and colposcopic directed biopsies were taken and subjected to histolopathological examination.Results: Colposcopy had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 78.5%, PPV of 68.9% for CIN 1. It had a sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 83.33% for CIN 2 and 3 when co related with gold standard histopathology which is much higher as compared to Pap smear.Conclusions: Colposcopy is an effective tool in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.

scholarly journals A novel mouse model of cholangiocarcinoma uncovers a role for a SOX17-Tensin 4 pathway in tumor progression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Di-Luoffo ◽  
Sophie Pirenne ◽  
Thoueiba Saandi ◽  
Axelle Loriot ◽  
Claude Gérard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Histological Characteristics

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough earlier diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is necessary to improve therapy, there is still limited information available about initiation and evolution of iCCA precursor lesions. Therefore, there is a need to identify mechanisms driving formation of precancerous lesions and their progression towards invasive tumor using experimental models that faithfully recapitulate human tumorigenesis.MethodsWe generated a new mouse model which combines cholangiocyte-specific expression of KrasG12D with 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet-induced inflammation to mimic iCCA development in patients with cholangitis. Histological and transcriptomic analyses of the mouse precursor lesions and iCCA were performed and compared with human analyses. The function of genes overexpressed during tumorigenesis was investigated in human cell lines.ResultsMice expressing KrasG12D in cholangiocytes and fed a DDC diet developed cholangitis, ductular proliferations, intraductal papillary neoplasms of bile ducts (IPNBs) and eventually iCCAs. The histology of mouse and human IPNBs were highly similar, and mouse iCCAs displayed histological characteristics of human mucin-producing large duct type iCCA. Signaling pathways activated in human iCCA were activated in mice. The identification of transition zones between IPNB and iCCA on tissue sections, combined with RNA-sequencing analyses of the lesions supported that iCCAs derive from IPNBs. We provide evidence that a gene cascade which comprises KRASG12D, SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 17 (SOX17) and Tensin 4 (TNS4), and which is activated by epidermal growth factor, promotes tumor progression.ConclusionsWe developed a novel mouse model that faithfully recapitulates human iCCA tumorigenesis and identified a gene cascade promoting tumor progression.

Updates on Precancerous Lesions of the Biliary Tract: Biliary Precancerous Lesion

2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Ainechi ◽  
Hwajeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bile Duct ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Precursor Lesions ◽  
Invasive Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Mechanisms Of Carcinogenesis

Precursor lesions of invasive adenocarcinoma of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma) have been increasingly recognized during the past decade because of the results of multiple studies on the carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma, technologic advancements in diagnostic imaging modalities, and an increase in the volume of elective procedures. The two main precursor lesions of cholangiocarcinoma that have evolved are biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. These lesions demonstrate histomorphologic similarities to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas, respectively, whereas mechanisms of carcinogenesis and risk of progressive disease appear distinct. An enhanced understanding of the clinical presentation and pathologic features of precursor lesions of the biliary tract and use of the correct terminology will facilitate efficient communication between surgeons, oncologists, and pathologists and improve quality of patient care.

Drug-Induced Movement Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Amy Lustig ◽  
Cesar Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Broad Understanding ◽  
Underlying Disease Process

The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the features of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) comprised by Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with patients presenting with these issues must have a broad understanding of the underlying disease process. This article will provide a brief introduction to the neuropathophysiology of DIMDs, a discussion of the associated symptomatology, the pharmacology implicated in causing DIMDs, and the medical management approaches currently in use.

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