Prospective comparative study between colposcopy and histopathology for diagnosis of CIN and carcinoma cervix

Background: Cervical cancer develops from precursor lesions and detection of these lesions is of utmost importance. The detection of precancerous lesions is made with help of screening tests most important include PAP smear and colposcopy. So we conducted this study to understand the role of colposcopy in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.Methods: We performed a prospective study between Jan 2018 to Dec 2018 on 180 subjects chosen from patients who sought consultation for various gynaecological complaints between age group of 18-60 years. A Pap smear followed by a colposcopy was performed and colposcopic directed biopsies were taken and subjected to histolopathological examination.Results: Colposcopy had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 78.5%, PPV of 68.9% for CIN 1. It had a sensitivity of 90.9%, specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 83.33% for CIN 2 and 3 when co related with gold standard histopathology which is much higher as compared to Pap smear.Conclusions: Colposcopy is an effective tool in down staging of Carcinoma cervix.

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A prospective study to evaluate the role of hysterolaparoscopy in infertility

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183807 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3852

Author(s):

Pooja Subhash Kale ◽

Sylvia Noronha

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽

Study Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Polycystic Ovaries ◽

Detailed History ◽

Uterine Septum ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Infertile Patients

Background: Infertility is one of the most important and underappreciated reproductive health problems in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of hysterolaparoscopy in infertility.Methods: It was observational prospective study. In this study, 50 patients in the age group of 20-40 years who are anxious to conceive formed the study group. All women were subjected to a detailed history taking followed by clinical examination.Results: Out of 50 cases studied, 30 (60%) were of primary infertility while, 20 (40%) were of secondary infertility. Laparoscopic findings were as follows, 28% had polycystic ovaries, 20% had endometriosis, 18% had tubal factors, 18% had adhesions, and 8% had fibroids while 4% had PID. Hysteroscopic findings were uterine septum in 16%, T shaped cavity in 14%, shaggy-hyperplastic endometrium in 10% while adhesions and polyps in 8% and 4% respectively. 16 women (32%) conceived after the procedure during the study period.Conclusions: It is concluded that while investigating the causes of female infertility combined simultaneous diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy with operative interventions wherever indicated should be performed in all infertile patients before treatment, especially in women with age more than 30 years.

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Role of age of incidence, parity, body mass index and socioeconomic class in endometrial carcinoma

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 762

Author(s):

Neha A. Nimbark

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Endometrial Carcinoma ◽

Body Mass ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Age Group ◽

Socioeconomic Class ◽

Frequency Table ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologial malignancy in world. The main aim is to study epidemiological factors of Ca body uterus in our hospital. The present study was designed to evaluate the age of incidence of carcinoma body uterus and study role of parity, body mass index and socioeconomic class in carcinoma body.Methods: This is a prospective study of 50 cases of endometrial carcinoma who were treated in a single unit of the hospital from April 2010 to March 2012 (2 years) conducted at the department of gynaecological oncology G. C. R. I., Ahmedabad. Observational study was done. All these data were combined and tabulated in frequency table simple percentage analysis is used for frequency and percentage analysis is applied to create a contingency table from the frequency distribution and represent the collected data for better understanding. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all variable.Results: Maximum number of patients were in age group of 50-59 years. Mean age was 58 years. Maximum patients were multiparous (54%). 4 patients were nulligravida (9%). 70% were overweight and obese. Majority of patients (72%) belong to middle and higher socio-economic class.Conclusions: It was noted that the incidence for ca endometrium is related to age, parity, BMI and socioeconomic class at our centre.

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Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective comparative study

Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jssn.v18i2.18572 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 29-32

Author(s):

Sumita Pradhan ◽

Yagya Ratna Shakya ◽

Hemant Batajoo ◽

Balram Malla ◽

Hem Nath Joshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laparoscopic Appendectomy ◽

Operative Time ◽

Open Appendectomy ◽

P Value ◽

Alvarado Score ◽

Post Operative Pain ◽

Prospective Comparative Study ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Laparoscopic Versus Open Appendectomy

Introduction: Appendectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgeries usually done by conventional open method. The role of laparoscopic appendectomy is still not well defined in the literature and although widely practiced it still hasn’t gained popularity in Nepal. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy.Methods: A prospective study was carried out, between August 2013 and September 2014, involving 216 patients (93 males and 123 females) with a diagnosis of acute appendicitis based on Alvarado score of seven and above. Patients were allocated into two groups where every alternate patient was operated either open or laparoscopically. The groups were compared in terms of operative time, post operative pain, post operative complications and length of hospital stay.Results: Open appendectomy (OA) comprised of 106 patients and Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) comprised of 110 patients. Patients’ characteristics were similar in both groups. The mean operative time in LA was 42.82±10.84 minutes and in OA 37.99±9.81 minutes (p<0.86). Conversion was done in 2.8% of laparoscopic cases. Mean comparison of postoperative pain by visual analogue scale was low in LA compared to OA (P<0.05). Mean post operative stay (3.19±1.26 vs 2.75±0.7, p<0.01) and surgical site infection was recorded in 9 patients (8.5%) in OA group and 3 (2.5%) in LA group, with p value of 0.06.Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendectomy is feasible and safe as open procedure with less post operative pain and shorter hospital stay. Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal, 2015; 18 (2), page: 29-32

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Cytomorphometric Analysis of Cervical Papanicolaou Smear for Females with Gynecological Clinical Complaints

International Journal of Biomedicine ◽

10.21103/article11(1)_oa9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 46-49

Author(s):

Sahar Osman ◽

Ehab Elmadenah ◽

Osman Elmahi ◽

Mubarak Alkarsani ◽

Lienda Eltayeb ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Screening Program ◽

Age Groups ◽

Pap Test ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Age Group ◽

Limited Information ◽

Gynecological Diseases ◽

A Prospective Study

Background: Limited information is provided on the quantitative cytomorphometric study of the cervical Pap test. The cervical Pap test is an important screening program for cervical cancer. A quantitative cytomorphometric examination of cervical Pap is used to accurately identify precancerous and cancerous lesions early and to reduce the occurrence and avoidance of invasive cancer. This study was aimed to assess the cytomorphological parameters (nuclear diameter [ND], cytoplasm diameter [CD], and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio [N/C ratio]) of squamous epithelial cells from a cervical Pap smear. Methods and Results: A prospective study was performed on 142 consecutive cervical Pap smears from women with gynecological clinical complaints. The ND and CD were determined by the Optika optical microscope camera using a digitizer cursor in both axes. The final images were taken with an X40 magnification. The ND, CD, and the N/C ratio were then measured and expressed in micrometers. The women were classified into 5 age groups: 5(3.5%) in the age group of <19 years, 46(32%) in the 20-29 group, 67(47.2%) in the 30-39 group, 23(16.2%) in the 40-49 group, and 1(0.7%) woman was over age 50. There were no significant differences in the N/C ratio of superficial cells between age groups. The ND, CD, and the N/C ratio were significantly higher in women with clinical complaints than in women without clinical complaints Conclusion: Cytomorphometic analysis might assist in the identification of cellular alterations due to gynecological diseases and increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the Pap smear technique.

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Comparative study of causative organism in erosive cervicitis, cervical intra epithelial neoplasia and carcinoma cervix using Pap smear

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190903 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1186

Author(s):

Jyoti Bindal ◽

Deepak Paldiya

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Age Group ◽

Carcinoma Cervix ◽

Medical College ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

Contraception Use ◽

Specific Symptoms

Background: Cervical cancer is the third largest cause of cancer mortality in India after cancers of the mouth and oropharynx, and oesophagus, accounting for nearly 10% of all cancer related deaths in the country.Methods: The present study carried out 300 patients in Gajra Raja Medical College in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, OPD and indoor admitted patients from July 2016 to December. 2016. The selected patients were examined with care to note any cervical lesion, appearance of cervix, nature of any cervical/ vaginal discharge. Then a cervical scrape was taken with an Ayre’s spatula and slide stained and then examined.Results: The maximum cases of HPV were seen in CIN, LSIL and HSIL. Maximum incidence of all cases was seen in the age group of 30-50 yrs. The women married before 18 years had the highest incidence of CIN and HPV infection. Majority of the cases of cervicitis were co-infected with H-Vaginalis and Trichomonas. Most women opted for a sterilization procedure rather than any other method of contraception. Use of no contraception puts these women at a high risk of acquiring HPV infection from infected partners.Conclusions: Occurrence of HPV infection declines with increasing grades. Most of the patients with HPV infection had presented with non-specific symptoms of discharge P/V or lower abdominal pain.

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A prospective comparative study of internal fixation of diaphyseal forearm fractures with LCP and DCP in above 50 year age group

International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20181807 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

P. Amarnath Reddy ◽

C. Dinesh Reddy

Keyword(s):

Internal Fixation ◽

Functional Results ◽

Vital Role ◽

Age Group ◽

Forearm Fractures ◽

Prospective Comparative Study ◽

Both Bones ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Type Of Injury ◽

Radiological Union

Background: In orthopedic practice forearm bone fracture is commonly encountered fracture. Forearm plays a vital role in day to day activities without which a person is unable to perform his role in his own life. It has been estimated that around 31% of the total fractures of the upper limb are of forearm fractures. The objective of the study was to study and compare internal fixation of diaphyseal forearm fractures with LCP and DCP in above 50 year age groupMethods: Present study was hospital based study. This was a prospective study. A total of 50 patients with fracture of both bones in the forearm were included in the present study. They were divided randomly as 25 patients in each group. They were followed for about eight months.Results: Both the groups in the present study were found to be comparable in terms of age, sex, mode of injury, type of injury and level of fracture. It took only 13.83 weeks for radiological union in LCP group and it took a longer in DCP group of 15.33 weeks. This difference was found to be statistically significant. Overall functional results were almost same in both the groups. Excellent in 36 cases (19 in LCP, 17 in DCP), Good in 10 cases (4 in LCP, 6 in DCP), fair in 4 cases (2 in each group).Conclusions: It has been concluded from the present study that union of fracture after LCP had taken significantly lesser time as compared to the DCP technique. Hence especially in persons above 50 years, LCP should be used.

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Prevention of carcinoma cervix in Bangladesh perspective

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v3i1.29734 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

L Noor ◽

MA Gafur ◽

M Ahmed ◽

I Ara

Keyword(s):

Pap Smear ◽

Invasive Carcinoma ◽

Pap Test ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Carcinoma Cervix ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Hpv Test

Carcinoma cervix is a preventable disease. Etiological factor is known that is human papilloma virus (HPV). Two types of vaccines are available. Cervix is easily accessible allowing screening tests possible. Screening is simple and available. The disease has long premalignant phase that can be detected by screening. Although Pap smear is the gold standard method of screening, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) particularly single-visit approach, can be an appropriate alternative in Bangladesh considering our available health care facilities. If abnormal screening results (Pap test,VIA, HPV test), colposcopy and guided biopsy can be taken. Colposcopy can detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early invasive carcinoma. Treatment in pre-invasive and early invasive carcinoma is found to be curative.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 1: January 2016, Pages 33-39

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Screening of pre cancer and cancer cervix by Pap smear among women in reproductive age group: a community based study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20185141 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Suma R. K. ◽

Keerthi S. Yalaburgi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Age Group ◽

Cancer Cervix ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in females worldwide. The disproportionately high burden of cervical cancer in developing countries is largely due to a lack of screening that allows detection of precancerous and early stage cervical cancer. The objective of this study was to identify pre cancer, cancer of cervix by Pap smear test and the factors associated with cervical cancer.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among married women in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years in the urban field practice area of A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences, from Jan 2013 to March 2013. The study comprised of 357 women. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Screening was done by Pap smear test. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Results: 49.6% women were in the age group of 40-49 years. 62 (17.4%) were illiterates. 67.5 % belonged to low socioeconomic status. Pap smear test detected premalignant lesions among 2.1% women; no cancer cervix cases were detected. Association between premalignant lesion and educational status, early age at marriage, multi parity, erosion cervix was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Regular cytological screening by Pap smear will help in early detection of precancerous lesions and thereby prevent cancer cervix.

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Study of Epilepsy and its Correlation with Neuroimaging and Drug Therapy

Annals of International medical and Dental Research ◽

10.53339/aimdr.2022.8.1.7 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

Bela Shah ◽

Dhara Gosai ◽

Sonu Akhani ◽

Mehul Jadav ◽

Nirav Rathod

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Age Group ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Different Types ◽

Generalized Epilepsy ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

Background: Thousands of people in the world suffer from epilepsy. Inspite of modern advances, it can be controlled in only 80% of treated once. Diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy is still challenged. The present study is attempted to highlight the importance of clinical findings and role of EEG and CT scan and MRI in diagnosis of epilepsy2.Aim:To study the incidence and epidemiological profile, various types of epilepsy and correlation with MRI, CT SCAN, EEG and the effectiveness of various Anti epilepticdrugs in different types of epilepsy. Settings and Design: This is a prospective study carried out at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.Methods:All the patients having 2 and/or more unprovoked seizures and already enrolled patients in epilepsy clinic in 1 year duration from January 1,2020 to December 31,2020 were included.Results &Conclusions:Out of 6930 total admissions, 163 patients with epilepsy were enrolled in this study from age group of 1 month to 12 years. Out of 163 patients, 97 were male and 66 were female. Most common age group affected is of 1-5 years. 128 patients (78.62%) were of generalized epilepsy and 35 patients were of partial epilepsy. Most common precipitating factor in epilepsy is inadequate drug dosages (45%). 45 patients (22.7%) have developmental delay. Abnormal EEG findings were present in 123 patients (75.46%). Abnormal MRI findings were present in 37 patients (22.7%). CT scan was done in 56 patients, 20 were abnormal. 107 patients were on monotherapy and 56 patients were on polytherapy. Valproate is most commonly used drug (76.6%).

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