Overall Mortality, Incremental Life Expectancy, and Cause of Death at 25 Years in the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias

2010 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Buchwald ◽  
Kyle D. Rudser ◽  
Stanley E. Williams ◽  
Van N. Michalek ◽  
James Vagasky ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna T Kenny ◽  
Anthony Asher

Does a combination of lifestyle pressures and personality, as reflected in genre, lead to the early death of popular musicians? We explored overall mortality, cause of death, and changes in patterns of death over time and by music genre membership in popular musicians who died between 1950 and 2014. The death records of 13,195 popular musicians were coded for age and year of death, cause of death, gender, and music genre. Musician death statistics were compared with age-matched deaths in the US population using actuarial methods. Although the common perception is of a glamorous, free-wheeling lifestyle for this occupational group, the figures tell a very different story. Results showed that popular musicians have shortened life expectancy compared with comparable general populations. Results showed excess mortality from violent deaths (suicide, homicide, accidental death, including vehicular deaths and drug overdoses) and liver disease for each age group studied compared with population mortality patterns. These excess deaths were highest for the under-25-year age group and reduced chronologically thereafter. Overall mortality rates were twice as high compared with the population when averaged over the whole age range. Mortality impacts differed by music genre. In particular, excess suicides and liver-related disease were observed in country, metal, and rock musicians; excess homicides were observed in 6 of the 14 genres, in particular hip hop and rap musicians. For accidental death, actual deaths significantly exceeded expected deaths for country, folk, jazz, metal, pop, punk, and rock.


2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Wróblewska

This study analyses the avoidable mortality in Poland at the regional level of 16 voivodships over the last two decades, 1991–2010. The author divided the mortality causes into three groups: treatable disease, preventable diseases and ischemic heart disease. We used a decomposition technique to calculate the contribution of changes in mortality from these conditions to changes in life expectancy between birth and age 75 for the two periods 1991–2000 and 2000–2010 by sex and age group. The analyses were based on temporary life expectancy between birth and age 75 (e0–75). Chiang’s method was used for constructing abridged life tables, and Arriaga’s method was used for decomposition. The results revealed differences in the temporary life expectancy level and pace of change between voivodships, causes of deaths and sex.


Author(s):  
Bal Kishan Gulati ◽  
Damodar Sahu ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
M. V. Vardhana Rao

Background: Life expectancy is a statistical measure to depict average life span a person is expected to live at a given age under given age-specific mortality rates. Cause-elimination life table measures potential gain in life expectancy after elimination of a specific disease. The present study aims to estimate potential gain in life expectancy by gender in urban India after complete and partial elimination of ten leading causes of deaths using secondary data of medical certification of cause of death (MCCD) for the year 2015.Methods: Life table method was used for estimating potential gain after eliminating diseases to the tune of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%.Results: Maximum gain in life expectancy at birth estimated from complete elimination of diseases of the circulatory system (11.1 years in males versus 13.1 years in females); followed by certain infectious and parasitic diseases (2.2  versus 2.1 years); diseases of the respiratory system (2.2 versus 2.1); injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (1.1 versus 0.7); neoplasms (0.9 versus 1.0); endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (0.8 versus 0.9); diseases of the digestive system (0.8 versus 0.4); diseases of the genitourinary system (0.6 versus 0.6); diseases of the nervous system (0.4 versus 0.4); and diseases of blood & blood forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (0.2 versus 0.3 years).Conclusions: Elimination of the circulatory diseases resulted into maximum gain in life expectancy. These findings may have implications in setting up health goals, allocating resources and launching tailor-made health programmes.


Author(s):  
Aina Faus-Bertomeu ◽  
Ramón Domènech Giménez ◽  
Svitlana Poniakina ◽  
Noelia Cámara-Izquierdo ◽  
Rosa Gómez-Redondo

The circulatory system diseases have contributed decisively to an increase in life expectancy (LE) in Spain. The contribution to LE is calculated through a decomposition analysis by sex and five-year age groups. We divide the years studied into two periods, 1980–1996 and 1996–2012. Using the Human Cause-of-Death Database (HCD), we examine specific subcauses at a 4-digit ICD-10 level and how they contribute to the change in LE among men and among women. The analysis shows that cerebrovascular diseases (CBVDs) contribute most to years gained until 1996, while ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) contribute most thereafter. Among women, the largest increase is due to specific CBVDs subcauses; among men IHD subcauses also have an important role. Regarding contribution by age, gains by CVDs are particularly significant at older ages, while contributions by IHDs are more relevant from the age of 50 onwards, especially among men. Furthermore, the gender gap in LE is influenced by the different evolution of various circulatory diseases during the period of study, but the evolution of these diseases is not always reflected equally in both sexes. The study evidences the need for greater precision in the registers in order to take advantage of the potentialities of the 4-digit classification of the ICD, thus leading to a better in depth knowledge in health trends. Finally, it shows the mortality due to modifiable factors mainly classified in IHDs, and the consequent need for the Spanish health system to act on them.Las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, han contribuido de manera decisiva al aumento de la esperanza de vida (LE) en España. Las contribuciones a la LE se calculan a través de un análisis de descomposición por sexo y grupos de edad quinquenales. Dividimos los años estudiados en dos períodos, 1980–1996 y 1996–2012. Utilizando la Human Cause-of-Death Database (HCD), examinamos subcausas específicas a un nivel de 4 dígitos de ICD-10 y cómo contribuyen al aumento o disminución de LE tanto en hombres como en mujeres. El análisis muestra que las enfermedades cerebrovasculares (CBVD) son las que más contribuyen a los años ganados hasta 1996, mientras que las enfermedades isquémicas (IHD) son las que más contribuyen posteriormente. Entre las mujeres, el mayor aumento se debe a subcausas específicas de las CBVD; en los hombres, las subcausas de IHD también tienen un papel importante. En lo que respecta a la contribución por edad, las ganancias por CBVDs son particularmente significativas en las edades mayores, mientras que las contribuciones por las IHD son más relevantes a partir de los 50 años, especialmente entre los hombres. La brecha entre hombres y mujeres en la LE está influenciada por la evolución diferente de varias enfermedades circulatorias durante el período de estudio, pero la evolución de estas enfermedades no siempre se refleja por igual en ambos sexos. Además, se pone en evidencia la necesidad de una mayor precisión en los registros para aprovechar las potencialidades de la clasificación a 4 dígitos de la CIE, alcanzando de este modo un conocimiento más profundo de las tendencias de salud. Finalmente, el estudio muestra la mortalidad debida a factores modificables que se clasifican principalmente en las IHD, y la consiguiente necesidad de que el sistema de salud español actúe sobre ellas.


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