Diverse clinical manifestations of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy in a Chinese family with identical multisite variants of ABCD1 gene

Abstract Background Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a pigmentary dermatosis characterized by generalized mottled macules with hypopigmention and hyperpigmention. ABCB6 and SASH1 are recently reported pathogenic genes related to DUH, and the aim of this study was to identify the causative mutations in a Chinese family with DUH. Methods Sanger sequencing was performed to investigate the clinical manifestation and molecular genetic basis of these familial cases of DUH, bioinformatics tools and multiple sequence alignment were used to analyse the pathogenicity of mutations. Results A novel missense mutation, c.1529G>A, in the SASH1 gene was identified, and this mutation was not found in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Database of Short Genetic Variation, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, ClinVar, or 1000 Genomes Project databases. All in silico predictors suggested that the observed substitution mutation was deleterious. Furthermore, multiple sequence alignment of SASH1 revealed that the p.S510N mutation was highly conserved during evolution. In addition, we reviewed the previously reported DUH-related gene mutations in SASH1 and ABCB6. Conclusion Although the affected family members had identical mutations, differences in the clinical manifestations of these family members were observed, which reveals the complexity of the phenotype-influencing factors in DUH. Our findings reveal the mutation responsible for DUH in this family and broaden the mutational spectrum of the SASH1 gene.

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Spectrum of Ankyrin Mutations in Hereditary Spherocytosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Acta Haematologica ◽

10.1159/000492024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yeping Luo ◽

Zhuoying Li ◽

Lihua Huang ◽

Jing Tian ◽

Menglong Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hereditary Spherocytosis ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Mutation Spectrum ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Newborn Period ◽

Gene Splicing ◽

Generation Sequencing

Background/Aims: Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common pediatric hemolytic anemia caused by congenital red blood cell defects. HS due to ankyrin 1 (ANK1) mutations is the most common type. We explored an ANK1 mutation from an HS patient and reviewed the literature. Methods: We detected the mutation in a Chinese family in which 2 members were diagnosed with HS by next-generation sequencing. The proband was diagnosed with HS in the newborn period, based on clinical manifestations, laboratory data, and family history. The mutation spectrum of the ANK1 gene was summarized based on 85 patients diagnosed with HS carrying ANK1 mutations, and the ANK1 mutation spectrum was summarized and analyzed. Results: We identified a novel mutation affecting ANK1 gene splicing (a splicing mutation) in both the patient and her mother, which is a substitution of T>G 2 nt after exon 25 in intron 26. The study expands our knowledge of the ANK1 gene mutation spectrum, providing a molecular basis for HS. Conclusion: A novel ANK1 mutation (NM_000037.3, c.2960+2T>G, intron 26) that is potentially associated with HS was identified. To date, 80 ANK1 mutations have been reported to be associated with HS in humans.

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Cochlear Implantation in a Patient with a Novel POU3F4 Mutation and Incomplete Partition Type-III Malformation

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2020/8829587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Xiuhua Chao ◽

Yun Xiao ◽

Fengguo Zhang ◽

Jianfen Luo ◽

Ruijie Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Cochlear Implantation ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Bioinformatic Analysis ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Whole Exome ◽

Novel Variant ◽

Genetic Features ◽

The Right

Aims. This study is aimed at (1) analyzing the clinical manifestations and genetic features of a novel POU3F4 mutation in a nonsyndromic X-linked recessive hearing loss family and (2) reporting the outcomes of cochlear implantation in a patient with this mutation. Methods. A patient who was diagnosed as the IP-III malformation underwent cochlear implantation in our hospital. The genetic analysis was conducted in his family, including the whole-exome sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Clinical features, preoperative auditory and speech performances, and postoperative outcomes of cochlear implant (CI) were assessed on the proband and his family. Results. A novel variant c.400_401insACTC (p.Q136LfsX58) in the POU3F4 gene was detected in the family, which was cosegregated with the hearing loss. This variant was absent in 200 normal-hearing persons. The phylogenetic analysis and structure modeling of Pou3f4 protein further confirmed that the novel mutation was pathogenic. The proband underwent cochlear implantation on the right ear at four years old and gained greatly auditory and speech improvement. However, the benefits of the CI declined about three and a half years postoperation. Though the right ear had been reimplanted, the outcomes were still worse than before. Conclusion. A novel frame shift variant c.400_401insACTC (p.Q136LfsX58) in the POU3F4 gene was identified in a Chinese family with X-linked inheritance hearing loss. A patient with this mutation and IP-III malformation could get good benefits from CI. However, the outcomes of the cochlear implantation might decline as the patient grows old.

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A Chinese family with familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 due to a novel missense mutation in ATP1A2

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102419847738 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 1382-1395

Author(s):

Wenjing Tang ◽

Meichen Zhang ◽

Enchao Qiu ◽

Shanshan Kong ◽

Yingji Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Missense Mutation ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Pathogenic Mutation ◽

Familial Hemiplegic Migraine ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Hemiplegic Migraine ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

The Family

Background ATP1A2 has been identified as the genetic cause of familial hemiplegic migraine type 2. Over 80 ATP1A2 mutations have been reported, but no data from Chinese family studies has been included. Here, we report the first familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 Chinese family with a novel missense mutation. Methods Clinical manifestations in the family were recorded. Blood samples from patients and the unaffected members were collected for whole-exome sequencing to identify the pathogenic mutation. Seven online softwares (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PANTHER, MutationTaster2, MutationAssessor and PMut) were used for predicting the pathogenic potential of the mutation. PredictProtein, Jpred 4 and PyMOL were used to analyze structural changes of the protein. The mutation function was further tested by Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results All patients in the family had typical hemiplegic migraine attacks. Co-segregation of the mutation with the migraine phenotype in four generations, with 10 patients, was completed. The identified novel mutation, G762S in ATP1A2, exhibited the disease-causing feature by all the predictive softwares. The mutation impaired the local structure of the protein and decreased cell viability. Conclusion G762S in ATP1A2 is a novel pathogenic mutation identified in a Chinese family with familial hemiplegic migraine, which causes loss of function by changing the protein structure of the Na+/K+-ATPase α2 subunit.

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A novel mutation in the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase gene of a Chinese patient with recessive congenital methemoglobinemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v95.10.3250 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 95 (10) ◽

pp. 3250-3255 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yao Wang ◽

Yu-Shui Wu ◽

Pei-Zhen Zheng ◽

Wen-Xi Yang ◽

Guo-An Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Cytochrome B5 ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Mutant Enzyme ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Coding Region ◽

Cytochrome B5 Reductase ◽

Nadh Cytochrome

Abstract Recessive congenital methemoglobinemia due to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency is classified into 2 clinical types: type 1 (erythrocyte type) and type 2 (generalized type). We found a Chinese family with type 1 recessive congenital methemoglobinemia, the patients from which were diagnosed according to clinical symptoms and b5R enzyme activity in the blood cells. To learn the molecular basis of type 1 recessive congenital methemoglobinemia in this Chinese family, we isolated total RNA from the peripheral leukocytes of the propositus and b5R complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription– polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The coding region of the b5R cDNA was analyzed by sequencing the cloned PCR products. The results showed that the propositus was homozygous for a G→A transition at codon 203 in exon 7, changing a cysteine to a tyrosine (Cys203Tyr). To characterize the mutant enzyme, both glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fused wild-type b5R and GST-fused mutant Cys203Tyr b5R were expressed in Escherichia coli and affinity purified. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the enzyme was not much affected by this amino acid substitution, but the mutant enzyme exhibited decreased heat stability and increased susceptibility to trypsin. These properties of the mutant enzyme would account for the restricted b5R deficiency and mild clinical manifestations of these type 1 patients. The finding of this novel mutation makes codon 203 the only position within the b5R gene at which more than 1 mutation has been found.

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Early Onset of Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency in Two Chinese Brothers Caused by a Homozygous (Leu275Phe) Mutation in the C1QBP Gene

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2020.583047 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Huan Li ◽

Min Sun ◽

Ying Yang ◽

Qianli Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽

Early Onset ◽

Autosomal Recessive ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Hereditary Diseases ◽

Exercise Intolerance ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Heterozygous Mutation ◽

Homozygous Mutation

Mitochondrial diseases constitute a group of heterogeneous hereditary diseases caused by impairments in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and abnormal cellular energy metabolism. C1QBP plays an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. In this study, clinical, laboratory examinations, 12-lead electrocardiographic, ultrasonic cardiogram, and magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from four members of a Chinese family. Whole exome were amplified and sequenced for the proband. The structure of protein encoded by the mutation was predicted using multiple software programs. The proband was a 14-year old boy with myocardial hypertrophy, exercise intolerance, ptosis, and increased lactate. His 9-year old brother exhibited similar clinical manifestations while the phenomenon of ptosis was not as noticeable as the proband. The onset of this disease was in infancy in both cases. They were born after uneventful pregnancies of five generation blood relative Chinese parents. A homozygous mutation (Leu275Phe) in the C1QBP gene was identified in both brothers in an autosomal recessive inherited pattern. Their parents were heterozygous mutation carriers without clinical manifestations. We demonstrated that a homozygous C1QBP- P.Leu275Phe mutation in an autosomal recessive inherited mode of inheritance caused early onset combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33 (COXPD 33) (OMIM:617713) in two brothers from a Chinese family.

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A Missense Mutation in OPA1 Causes Dominant Optic Atrophy in a Chinese Family

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/1424928 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaoyi Mei ◽

Xiaosheng Huang ◽

Lin Cheng ◽

Shiming Peng ◽

Tianhui Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Missense Mutation ◽

Optic Atrophy ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Hand Movement ◽

Family Members ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Variable Degree ◽

Dominant Optic Atrophy ◽

The Family

Background. To investigate the genetic causes and clinical characteristics of dominant optic atrophy (DOA) in a Chinese family. Methods. A 5-generation pedigree of 35 family members including 12 individuals affected with DOA was recruited from Shenzhen Eye Hospital, China. Four affected family members and one unaffected family member were selected for whole exome sequencing. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm and screen the identified mutation in 18 members of the family. The disease-causing mutation was identified by bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by segregation analysis. The clinical characteristics of the family members were analyzed. Results. A heterozygous missense mutation (c.1313A>G, p.D438G) in optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) was identified in 10 individuals affected with DOA in this family. None of the unaffected family members had the mutation. Patients in this family had vision loss since they were children or adolescence. The visual acuity decreased progressively to hand movement, except for one patient (IV-12) who had relatively good vision of 20/30 and 20/28. The fundus typically manifested as optic disc pallor. The visual fields, optical coherence tomography, and visual evoked potential suggested variable degree of abnormality in patients. Patients who had a history of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking had more severe clinical manifestations. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the p.D438G mutation in OPA1 causes optic atrophy in this family. The patients who carried the mutation demonstrated heterogeneous clinical manifestations in this family. This is the first report on the c.1313A>G (p.D438G) mutation of OPA1 in a Chinese family affected with DOA.

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Case Report: Whole-Exome Sequencing With MLPA Revealed Variants in Two Genes in a Patient With Combined Manifestations of Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.605611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Xia ◽

Yijie Feng ◽

Lu Xu ◽

Xiaoyang Chen ◽

Feng Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Muscular Dystrophy ◽

Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽

Exome Sequencing ◽

Whole Exome Sequencing ◽

Muscular Atrophy ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Chinese Family ◽

Whole Exome

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are two common kinds of neuromuscular disorders sharing various similarities in clinical manifestations. SMA is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that results from biallelic mutations of the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1; OMIM 600354) on the 5q13 chromosome. DMD is an X-linked disorder caused by defects in the DMD gene (OMIM 300377) on the X chromosome. Here, for the first time, we report a case from a Chinese family who present with clinical manifestations of both two diseases, including poor motor development and progressive muscle weakness. We identified a homozygous deletion in exons 7 and 8 of the SMN1 gene and a deletion in exon 50 of the DMD gene by whole-exome sequencing (WES) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). This case expands our understanding of diagnosis for synchronous SMA and DMD and highlights the importance of various genetic testing methods, including WES, in differential diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases.

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Molecular Biomarkers for Adrenoleukodystrophy: An Unmet Need

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10123427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3427

Author(s):

Madison I. J. Honey ◽

Yorrick R. J. Jaspers ◽

Marc Engelen ◽

Stephan Kemp ◽

Irene C. Huffnagel

Keyword(s):

Unmet Need ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Molecular Biomarkers ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Phenotype Correlation ◽

Limited Sample ◽

Abcd1 Gene ◽

The Many ◽

Biomarker Research ◽

Predict Disease Progression

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an inherited progressive neurometabolic disease caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene and the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in plasma and tissues. Patients present with heterogeneous clinical manifestations which can include adrenal insufficiency, myelopathy, and/or cerebral demyelination. In the absence of a genotype-phenotype correlation, the clinical outcome of an individual cannot be predicted and currently there are no molecular markers available to quantify disease severity. Therefore, there is an unmet clinical need for sensitive biomarkers to monitor and/or predict disease progression and evaluate therapy efficacy. The increasing amount of biological sample repositories (‘biobanking’) as well as the introduction of newborn screening creates a unique opportunity for identification and evaluation of new or existing biomarkers. Here we summarize and review the many studies that have been performed to identify and improve knowledge surrounding candidate molecular biomarkers for ALD. We also highlight several shortcomings of ALD biomarker studies, which often include a limited sample size, no collection of longitudinal data, and no validation of findings in an external cohort. Nonetheless, these studies have generated a list of interesting biomarker candidates and this review aspires to direct future biomarker research.

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Novel ABCD1 Gene Mutation in Adrenomyeloneuropathy with Hypoplasia and Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

10.1159/000490248 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2-3) ◽

pp. 156-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yusen Qiu ◽

Ling Xin ◽

Yuyao Wang ◽

Yanyan Yu ◽

Keji Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corpus Callosum ◽

Exome Sequencing ◽

Gene Mutation ◽

Whole Exome Sequencing ◽

Index Case ◽

Spastic Paraparesis ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Whole Exome ◽

Cerebral Mri ◽

Abcd1 Gene

Background: Adult adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene. Some pure AMN patients develop cerebral demyelination late in life. However, hypoplasia and agenesis of the corpus callosum (CC) has never been reported in AMN patients. Objective: To describe a new clinical variant of AMN that is possibly caused by a novel ABCD1 gene mutation. Methods: A total of 10 members in an X-linked inherited family were examined. The age at onset, progression of disability, and clinical manifestations were collected. Blood tests of the index case were conducted in an academic hospital. Cerebral and spinal MRI was performed in 4 affected members using a Siemens 3.0-T or Hitachi 1.0-T MR scanner. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted in the index case, which was subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing in the family. Results: The patients displayed typical degenerative spastic paraparesis and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy with some intrafamilial variations. In addition to neurological deficits, all male patients displayed alopecia since adolescence. Furthermore, an increase in plasma long-chain fatty acids was observed. Based on these presentations, adult AMN was diagnosed for the patients. Intriguingly, cerebral MRI showed multiple types of hypoplasia and agenesis of the CC including anterior remnant CC agenesis, truncated corpus and splenium, anterior remnant CC agenesis along with thin corpus and splenium. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a nonsense mutation (c.231G>A) which results in a truncated protein product (p.W77X) that might be nonfunctional. No other mutations associated with alopecia or hypoplasia and agenesis of the CC were identified in the exome-sequencing database. Conclusion: In addition to the typical symptoms such as spastic myelopathy, cognitive impairment, mixed neuropathy, and alopecia, AMN patients can also display hypoplasia and agenesis of the CC, which was not described in the other AMN patients reported before.

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