Potential of global croplands and bioenergy crops for climate change mitigation through deployment for enhanced weathering

Conventional row crop agriculture for both food and fuel is a source of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) to the atmosphere, and intensifying production on agricultural land increases the potential for soil C loss and soil acidification due to fertilizer use. Enhanced weathering (EW) in agricultural soils—applying crushed silicate rock as a soil amendment—is a method for combating global climate change while increasing nutrient availability to plants. EW uses land that is already producing food and fuel to sequester carbon (C), and reduces N 2 O loss through pH buffering. As biofuel use increases, EW in bioenergy crops offers the opportunity to sequester CO 2 while reducing fossil fuel combustion. Uncertainties remain in the long-term effects and global implications of large-scale efforts to directly manipulate Earth's atmospheric CO 2 composition, but EW in agricultural lands is an opportunity to employ these soils to sequester atmospheric C while benefitting crop production and the global climate.

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Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security: A Review

Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences ◽

10.18782/2582-2845.8699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 110-118

Author(s):

Hasnain Raza ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global Climate ◽

Global Food Security ◽

Growing Season Length ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Co2 Level ◽

Agriculture And Food

Climate change has emerged as a major man-made global environmental problem, characterized by an increase in the earth's air temperature as a result of large-scale emissions of greenhouse gases. Agriculture and climate change are intrinsically linked in different ways, since biotic and abiotic stresses are primarily caused by climate change, all these factors have a detrimental effect on a region's agriculture. Agriculture is affected by climate change in various ways, e.g., heat stress at the reproductive stage, shortening of growing season length, pests or microbes, modification in weeds, and increase in CO2 level. The challenge of changing global climate has driven the scientists' interest, As a result of these changes, global crop production is suffering and global food security is in danger. The current study sheds light on the impacts of climate change on agriculture, as well as the consequences for food security.

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Predicting Shifts in Land Suitability for Maize Cultivation Worldwide Due to Climate Change: A Modeling Approach

Land ◽

10.3390/land10030295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 295

Author(s):

Yuan Gao ◽

Anyu Zhang ◽

Yaojie Yue ◽

Jing’ai Wang ◽

Peng Su

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Land Suitability ◽

Large Scale Assessment ◽

Scale Assessment ◽

Maize Cultivation ◽

Large Scale Screening ◽

Selection Of

Suitable land is an important prerequisite for crop cultivation and, given the prospect of climate change, it is essential to assess such suitability to minimize crop production risks and to ensure food security. Although a variety of methods to assess the suitability are available, a comprehensive, objective, and large-scale screening of environmental variables that influence the results—and therefore their accuracy—of these methods has rarely been explored. An approach to the selection of such variables is proposed and the criteria established for large-scale assessment of land, based on big data, for its suitability to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation as a case study. The predicted suitability matched the past distribution of maize with an overall accuracy of 79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. The land suitability for maize is likely to decrease markedly at low latitudes and even at mid latitudes. The total area suitable for maize globally and in most major maize-producing countries will decrease, the decrease being particularly steep in those regions optimally suited for maize at present. Compared with earlier research, the method proposed in the present paper is simple yet objective, comprehensive, and reliable for large-scale assessment. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of adopting relevant strategies to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

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A trait-based approach to assess climate change sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates across Swedish ecoregions

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/czoolo/60.2.221 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 221-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Leonard Sandin ◽

Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber ◽

Jens-Christian Svenning ◽

Erik Jeppesen ◽

Nikolai Friberg

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global Climate ◽

Species Traits ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Biological Data ◽

Conservation Strategies ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Buffer Strips

Abstract Freshwater habitats and organisms are among the most threatened on Earth, and freshwater ecosystems have been subject to large biodiversity losses. We developed a Climate Change Sensitivity (CCS) indicator based on trait information for a selection of stream- and lake-dwelling Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa. We calculated the CCS scores based on ten species traits identified as sensitive to global climate change. We then assessed climate change sensitivity between the six main ecoregions of Sweden as well as the three Swedish regions based on Illies. This was done using biological data from 1, 382 stream and lake sites where we compared large-scale (ecoregional) patterns in climate change sensitivity with potential future exposure of these ecosystems to increased temperatures using ensemble-modelled future changes in air temperature. Current (1961~1990) measured temperature and ensemble-modelled future (2100) temperature showed an increase from the northernmost towards the southern ecoregions, whereas the predicted temperature change increased from south to north. The CCS indicator scores were highest in the two northernmost boreal ecoregions where we also can expect the largest global climate change-induced increase in temperature, indicating an unfortunate congruence of exposure and sensitivity to climate change. These results are of vital importance when planning and implementing management and conservation strategies in freshwater ecosystems, e.g., to mitigate increased temperatures using riparian buffer strips. We conclude that traits information on taxa specialization, e.g., in terms of feeding specialism or taxa having a preference for high altitudes as well as sensitivity to changes in temperature are important when assessing the risk from future global climate change to freshwater ecosystems.

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Co-occurrence of extreme ozone and heat waves in two cities from Morocco

Satellite Oceanography and Meteorology ◽

10.18063/som.v3i3.733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kenza KHOMSI 1,2 ◽

Houda NAJMI 2 ◽

Zineb SOUHAILI 1

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Extreme Events ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Large Scale ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Global Climate ◽

Meteorological Factor ◽

Two Cities ◽

Change Context

Temperature is the first meteorological factor to be directly involved in leading ozone (O3) extreme events. Generally, upward temperatures increase the probability of having exceedance in ozone adopted thresholds. In the global climate change context more frequent and/or persistent heat waves and extreme ozone (O3) episodes are likely to occur during in coming decades and a key question is about the coincidence and co-occurrence of these extremes. In this paper, using 7 years of surface temperature and air quality observations over two cities from Morocco (Casablanca and Marrakech) and implementing a percentile thresholding approach, we show that the extremes in temperature and ozone (O3) cluster together in many cases and that the outbreak of ozone events generally match the first or second days of heat waves. This co-occurrence of extreme episodes is highly impacted by humidity and may be overlapping large-scale episodes.

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Impact of High Temperature and Drought Stresses on Chickpea Production

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy8080145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Viola Devasirvatham ◽

Daniel Tan

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

High Temperature ◽

Crop Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Global Climate ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Germplasm Collections ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Terminal Drought ◽

The Impact

Global climate change has caused severe crop yield losses worldwide and is endangering food security in the future. The impact of climate change on food production is high in Australia and globally. Climate change is projected to have a negative impact on crop production. Chickpea is a cool season legume crop mostly grown on residual soil moisture. High temperature and terminal drought are common in different regions of chickpea production with varying intensities and frequencies. Therefore, stable chickpea production will depend on the release of new cultivars with improved adaptation to major events such as drought and high temperature. Recent progress in chickpea breeding has increased the efficiency of assessing genetic diversity in germplasm collections. This review provides an overview of the integration of new approaches and tools into breeding programs and their impact on the development of stress tolerance in chickpea.

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ForBioFunCtioN: Forest soil carbon and the effects of climate change and forest management

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5553 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carl-Fredrik Johannesson ◽

Klaus Steenberg Larsen ◽

Brunon Malicki ◽

Jenni Nordén

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Forest Management ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Large Scale ◽

C Sequestration ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Soil C ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Clear Cutting

Boreal forests are among the most carbon (C) rich forest types in the world and store up to 80% of its total C in the soil. Forest soil C development under climate change has received increased scientific attention yet large uncertainties remain, not least in terms of magnitude and direction of soil C responses. As with climate change, large uncertainties remain in terms of the effects of forest management on soil C sequestration and storage. Nonetheless, it is clear that forest management measures can have far reaching effects on ecosystem functioning and soil conditions. For example, clear cutting is a widely undertaken felling method in Scandinavia which profoundly affects the forest ecosystem and its functioning, including the soil. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is another common practice in Scandinavia which, despite uncertainties regarding effects on soil C dynamics, is being promoted as a climate change mitigation tool. A more novel practice of biochar addition to soils has been shown to have positive effects on soil conditions, including soil C storage, but studies on biochar in the context of forests are few.In the face of climate change, the ForBioFunCtioN project is dedicated to investigating the response of boreal forest soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes to experimentally increased temperatures and increased precipitation &#8211; climatic changes in line with projections over Norway &#8211; within a forest management context. The experiment is set in a Norwegian spruce-dominated bilberry chronosequence, including a clear-cut site, a middle-aged thinned stand, a mature stand and an old unmanaged stand. Warming, simulated increased precipitation, N fertilizer and biochar additions will be applied on experimental plots in an additive manner that allows for disentangling the effects of individual parameters from interaction effects. Flux measurements will be undertaken at high temporal resolution using the state-of-the-art LI-7810 Trace Gas Analyzer (&#169;LI-COR Biosciences). The presentation will show the experimental setup and first measurements from the large-scale experiment.

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Investigation of the two-decade environmental impact of large-scale agricultural cultivation and its impact on climate change in the Lajta-Project

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4863 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

András Polgár ◽

Karolina Horváth ◽

Imre Mészáros ◽

Adrienn Horváth ◽

András Bidló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Crop Production ◽

Large Scale ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Agricultural Activity

Crop production is applied on about half of Hungary&#8217;s land area, which amounts to approximately 4.5 million hectares. The agricultural activity has significant environmental impacts.Our work aims the time series investigation of the impacts of large-scale agricultural cultivation on environment and primarily on climate change in the test area by applying environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method.The investigated area of Lajta Project can be found in the triangle formed by the settlements Mosonszolnok, J&#225;nossomorja and V&#225;rbalog, in the north-western corner of Hungary, in Gy&#337;r-Moson-Sopron county. The area has intense agri-environment characteristics, almost entirely lacking of grasslands and meadows.We were looking for the answer to the question &#8220;To what extent does agricultural activity on this area impact the environment and how can it contribute to climate change during a given period?&#8221; The selection of the plants included in the analysis was justified by their significant growing area. We analysed the cultivation data of 5 crops: canola, winter barley, winter wheat, green maize and maize. Material flows of arable crop production technologies were defined in time series by the agricultural parcel register data. These covered the size of the area actually cultivated, the operational processes, records on seeds, fertilizer and pesticide use and harvest data by parcels. The examined environmental inventory database contained also the fuel consumption and lubricating oil usage of machine operations, and the water usage of chemical utilization.In the life cycle modelling of cultivation, we examined 13 years of maize, 20 years of green maize, 20 years of winter barley, 18 years of winter wheat and 15 years of canola data calculated on 1 ha unit using GaBi life cycle analysis software.In addition, we also calculated by an average cultivation model for all cultivated plants with reference data to 1 ha and 1 year period.We applied methods and models in our life cycle impact assessment. According to the values of the impact categories, we set up the following increasing environmental ranking of plant cultivation: (1) canola has minimum environmental impacts followed by (2) green maize and (3) maize with slightly higher values, (4) winter barley has 6 times higher values preceded by (5) winter wheat with a slight difference. The previous environmental ranking of the specific cultivated plants&#8217; contribution was also confirmed as regards the overall environmental impact: canola (1.0%) &#8211; green maize (4.9%) &#8211; maize (7.1%) &#8211; winter barley (43.1%) &#8211; winter wheat (44.0%).Environmental impact category indicator results cumulated to total cultivation periods and total crop growing areas (quantitative approach) display the specific environmental footprints by crops. Increasing environmental ranking of environmental impacts resulted from cultivating the sample area is the following: (1) canola &#8211; (2) maize &#8211; (3) green maize &#8211; (4) winter barley &#8211; (5) winter wheat. The slight difference resulted in the rankings in quantitative approach according to the rankings of territorial approach on the investigated area is due to the diversity of cultivation time factor and the crop-growing parameter of the specific crops.Acknowledgement: Our research was supported by the &#8222;Lajta-Project&#8221;.

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Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8020034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Ali Raza ◽

Ali Razzaq ◽

Sundas Mehmood ◽

Xiling Zou ◽

Xuekun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Crop Production ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Heat Waves ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Global Climate ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Ozone Level

Agriculture and climate change are internally correlated with each other in various aspects, as climate change is the main cause of biotic and abiotic stresses, which have adverse effects on the agriculture of a region. The land and its agriculture are being affected by climate changes in different ways, e.g., variations in annual rainfall, average temperature, heat waves, modifications in weeds, pests or microbes, global change of atmospheric CO2 or ozone level, and fluctuations in sea level. The threat of varying global climate has greatly driven the attention of scientists, as these variations are imparting negative impact on global crop production and compromising food security worldwide. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by climate changes. To date, food security and ecosystem resilience are the most concerning subjects worldwide. Climate-smart agriculture is the only way to lower the negative impact of climate variations on crop adaptation, before it might affect global crop production drastically. In this review paper, we summarize the causes of climate change, stresses produced due to climate change, impacts on crops, modern breeding technologies, and biotechnological strategies to cope with climate change, in order to develop climate resilient crops. Revolutions in genetic engineering techniques can also aid in overcoming food security issues against extreme environmental conditions, by producing transgenic plants.

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Tracking Global Climate Change: Microfossil Record of the Planetary Heat Pump

The Paleontological Society Papers ◽

10.1017/s1089332600003338 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 263-281

Author(s):

Paul Loubere

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global Climate ◽

Heat Distribution ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Scientific Disciplines ◽

Distribution Process ◽

Real Importance ◽

Societal Interest

The objective of this exercise set is to integrate knowledge from several scientific disciplines and learn something interesting about the way the world works. I want to use some basic principles from physics, biology, and geology to see how a large scale planetary process, the transport of heat over the earths surface, operates and has operated over time. This topic is of basic scientific interest, and it has real importance to the growing societal interest in global climate change. This applies whether natural variation in climate or human induced change are under discussion. The set of exercises that follows will examine how energy is absorbed by the earth from the sun; how and why this energy is distributed over the earth's surface; what controls energy distribution; how we can track the energy distributing process using the oceanic microfossil record; and what that record shows us about variation of heat distribution with time. This is an exercise in global climate change because the climate system is driven by the heat distribution process.

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Preliminary recognition of state of incorporating climate change impacts and adaptation considerations in SEA and EIA procedures for renewable energy projects

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202015407004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 07004

Author(s):

Magdalena Tyszer ◽

Slávka Gałaś

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Power Plants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global Climate ◽

Specific Reference ◽

The European Union ◽

Implementation Climate ◽

Adaptation To Climate Change ◽

Energy Projects

In the last years, the European Union has developed and set a several environmental policies whose imposes an obligation on Member States to implement specific actions, including incorporating climate change considerations into SEA and EIA processes. One of major environmental challenges facing most developing countries is that of global climate change. The aim of the research was to obtain a comprehensive review of existing SEA and EIA practical approaches for renewable energy installations in the aspect of adaptation to climate change with specific reference to Polish projects. Both SEA and EIA procedures implemented in Poland and other countries was introduced with the intent of factoring in potential risk to the environment by future large-scale project developments such as the construction of power plants, roads, or dams. The paper consist the initial recognition of available data of the current experience and level of implementation climate change impact and adaptions into local procedures. Preliminary results suggest that the additional funding should be given for climate change adaptation in the energy sector, especially in renewable energy projects, as well as specific interventions for climate-adapted energy systems should be targeted in order to fill the gap in RES sector and spur sustainable energy development.

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