ABO Blood Group Incompatibility Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

ABO blood groups appear to be associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the underlying mechanisms and their real importance remain unclear. Two hypotheses have been proposed: ABO compatibility-dependence (neutralization by anti-ABO antibodies) and ABO-dependent intrinsic susceptibility (spike protein attachment to histo-blood group glycans). We tested the first hypothesis through an anonymous questionnaire addressed to hospital staff members. We estimated symptomatic secondary attack rates (SAR) for 333 index cases according to spouse ABO blood group compatibility. Incompatibility was associated with a lower SAR (28% vs. 47%; OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.69), but no ABO dependence was detected in compatible situations. For the second hypothesis, we detected no binding of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD to blood group-containing glycans. Thus, although no intrinsic differences in susceptibility according to ABO blood type were detected, ABO incompatibility strongly decreased the risk of COVID-19 transmission, suggesting that anti-ABO antibodies contribute to virus neutralization.

The Online Intersection among Islamophobia, Populism, and Hate Speech: An Italian Perspective

Online radical Islam is a topic widely studied by scholars and notoriously discussed among non- experts as well (Awan, 2007; Von Behr et al. 2013; Gray & Head 2009). Because of its intrinsic characteristics (i.e. accessibility, anonymity, or users’ identity dissimulation), the internet has always been a useful tool for propagandists of Islamic fundamentalism (Fighel, 2007; Stenersen, 2008; Koehler, 2014). However, in the last decade, studies have questioned the real importance and magnitude of Islamic radicalization online (Gill et al., 2017). In fact, while scholars were focused on observing digital Islamic radicalization, a galaxy of new forms of extremism was growing online (Silva et al., 2017; Roversi, 2008) that no longer made Islam an exceptional case study. Today, Muslim people are one of the groups most aggressively targeted by extremist, intolerant, violent, and radical discourses (Elahi & Khan, 2017; Amnesty International, 2019). Anti-Muslim hate speech has spread online throughout Europe and the United States, reinforced by the propaganda and political discourse of populist right-wing parties (Hafez, 2014; Bakali 2016). This paper introduces some large-scale action-research projects developed in Europe and Italy in the last three years (2016–2019) and aims to reconstruct the most updated Islamophobia state of the art in terms of numbers, characteristics, and phenomenology from the offline to the online context.

Interpretation and machine translation towards google translate as a part of machine translation and teaching translation

Language comprehension is the capacity of someone to properly understand the language to fully communicate the message and details. When dialects are distinct, the problem arises. This condition can lead to misconception as understudies, particularly those whose specialty is not English, cannot gain real importance. Along these lines, interpreting is regarded as one of the suggested arrangements in this area. As the results, the message's basic significance and setting in an unknown dialect can be precisely seen in English. Interpretation is a help to resolve this language boundary for this case. Moreover, finding an individual who is accessible to decipher each and every language is found troublesome. Furthermore, the aftereffect of interpretation is by one way or another influenced and impacted by the interpreter's abilities. In this manner, interpretation application turns into the one to be depended on. A lot of online interpretation applications have been made available for the last few years. The best one is Google Translate which is a multi-lingual online computer interpretation (MT) system. It is said as a multilanguage interpretation programme, as it can decode material from over 90 dialects.

The Divine Processions and the Divine Energies

The concept of the divine energies (energeiai) is commonly associated with the late Byzantine theologian Gregory Palamas. In fact, however, it has biblical origins and figures prominently in Greek patristic theology from at least the fourth century. Here I briefly trace its history beginning with the Pauline usage of energeia and continuing through the Cappadocian Fathers, Dionysius the Areopagite, Maximus the Confessor, and Gregory Palamas. I argue that the divine processions in Dionysius function much as do the divine energies in the Cappadocians, although Dionysius enriches the concept by setting it within the context of a Neoplatonic pattern of procession and return. Dionysius’s own work was in need of a further synthesis in that he does not explain the relationship between the divine processions and the divine logoi, the “divine and good acts of will” by which God creates. Maximus the Confessor then introduced a further element into this complex tradition through his argument that certain “natural energies” must necessarily accompany any nature. I argue that the real importance of Palamas from the standpoint of the history of philosophy lies not in originating the concept of the divine energies, but in using it to synthesize these disparate elements from the Cappadocians, Dionysius, and Maximus.

A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS PRINCIPAIS CONCEITOS GEOGRÁFICOS E SUA APLICABILIDADE NO ENSINO DO TURISMO

A Geografia é a ciência que mais se dedica a compreender as relações entre a sociedade e a natureza e o turismo torna-se uma das ferramentas mais importantes para entender essa relação.Desta forma, o presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar por meio do turismo os principais conceitos geográficos, bem como, propor que o turismo tenha uma real importância dentro do ambiente escolar. Metodologicamente esta pesquisa foi realizada por meio de consultas bibliográficas como Coriolano e Silva (2004), Bertrand (1981), Souza e Passos (2007), Santos (1988, 1986, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2014), Torres e Kozel (2010), Gomes (1995), Carlos (1996, 2008) dentre outros, a fim de embasar a discussão. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que o Turismo pode ser considerado uma grande ferramenta para o ensino de conceitos geográficos pelo professor, pois em todo lugar do Brasil ou do mundo é possível encontrar um espaço, paisagem, região, território ou um lugar turístico. Muitas vezes a compreensão desses conceitos pelos discentes se torna algo um pouco confuso por causa das semelhanças entre os conceitos, o uso do turismo no ensino desses conceitos faz com que os alunos saibam diferenciar cada um deles e entenda seu significado e importância.PALAVRAS-CHAVEConceitos Geográfico, Região, Turismo, Ensino.THE USE OF MAIN GEOGRAPHICAL CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICABILITY IN TOURISM TEACHINGABSTRACTGeography is the science that is most dedicated to understanding the relations between society and nature and tourism becomes one of the most important tools to understand this relationship. In this way, this article aims to show through tourism the main geographic concepts, as well as, to propose that tourism has a real importance within the school environment. Methodologically, this research was carried out through bibliographic queries such as Coriolano and Silva (2004), Bertrand (1981), Souza and Passos (2007), Santos (1988, 1986, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2014), Torres and Kozel (2010), Gomes (1995), Carlos (1996, 2008) and others, in order to support the discussion. Thus, it was concluded that Tourism can be considered a great tool for the teaching of geographical concepts by the teacher, because everywhere in Brazil or the world it is possible to find a space, landscape, region, territory or a tourist place. Often the understanding of these concepts by the students becomes somewhat confused because of the similarities between the concepts, the use of tourism in teaching these concepts makes the students know to differentiate each one of them and understand its meaning and importance.KEYWORDSConcepts Geography, Region, Tourism, Teaching.ISSN: 2236-3904REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM GEOGRAFIA - RBEGwww.revistaedugeo.com.br - [email protected]

The Concept of Family Farming in the Portuguese Political Discourse

Although several countries have outlined national and multi-criteria definitions, family farming is not well defined in most countries including Portugal, making it difficult to assess its real importance as well as the reasons underlying the design and the success/failure of particular policies. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the framing of family farming in the Portuguese political discourse by applying content analysis to a range of national policies and planning documents. The results show little reference to family farming in political documents and a conceptualization of family farming made in antagonism to professional or entrepreneurial farmers.

The Soul of Historiography

This paper argues for a new version of holism about historiography. The argument starts with an analogy with Aristotle’s conceptions of soul and character. The aim is to overcome the central problem critics have identified in Ankersmit’s holism about historical representations: it is not clear how a posited holistic entity can make a difference to a work of history. The solution offered in this paper is that there are two – modally distinct – dimensions of content in works of history. One comprises its explicit content as given in its statements. This corresponds to actuality, action, and narrative in Aristotle. The other is where we find a holistic entity: a work of history’s representation of a historical situation. This is analysed here as a unified range of possibilities for action generated by the interrelated complex of factors introduced by the work’s explicit contents. This corresponds to potentiality, soul, and character in Aristotle. The theory is further developed in relation to two examples, one idealized, the other an example of real historiography. By distinguishing between actuality and possibility as dimensions of a historical representation, the holistic entity is enabled to be implicit while having real importance in relation to the content of historiography.

Educación: La importancia del desarrollo infantil y la educación inicial en un país en el cual no son obligatorios.//Education: The importance of child development and initial education in a country where they are not mandatory.

El desarrollo integral sucede en las personas a lo largo de la vida; potencia sus habilidades y destrezas como resultado de la incidencia que tienen factores ambientales, históricos, sociales y culturales. Entre los 0 y 6 años se conoce como desarrollo infantil integral. La educación inicial, por su parte, es el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que sucede entre los 2 y 5 años de edad. En estas edades se fortalecen y potencian habilidades y destrezas cognitivas, motoras, psicosociales. Durante muchos años se ha pretendido distinguir al desarrollo infantil de la educación inicial, pero son dos procesos relacionados. En Ecuador, estos procesos están contemplados en la legislación nacional; sin embargo, no son considerados por parte del Estado, como de asistencia obligatoria y algunas familias no dimensionan su real importancia. Este artículo pretende mostrar la necesidad de fortalecer las políticas públicas para incrementar la cobertura y acceso a los servicios de educación inicial y desarrollo infantil para forjar la mejora de las condiciones de vida de niñas y niños entre los 0 y 5 años. Para ello se han organizado aspectos teóricos y estadísticos que denotan los avances que se han alcanzado en los últimos 12 años. Finalmente, se establecen una serie de breves conclusiones. AbstractIntegral development occurs in people throughout their lives; it enhances their skills and abilities as a result of the impact of environmental, historical, social and cultural factors. Between the ages of 0 and 6 it is known as integral child development. Initial education, on the other hand, is the teaching-learning process that takes place between 2 and 5 years of age. At these ages, cognitive, motor and psychosocial skills and abilities are strengthened and enhanced. For many years there has been an attempt to distinguish child development from initial education, but these are two related processes. In Ecuador, these processes are contemplated in national legislation; however, they are not considered by the State to be compulsory attendance and some families do not appreciate their real importance. This article aims to show the need to strengthen public policies to increase coverage and access to early education and child development services in order to improve the living conditions of girls and boys between 0 and 5 years of age. To this end, theoretical and statistical aspects have been organized to show the progress made in the last 12 years. Finally, a series of brief conclusions are established.

Structural Impacts of Nonconformity of Concrete in a Multi-Storey Building

<p>The goal of this paper is to analyse all the impacts and structural alterations a multi-storey building may have when the compressive strength of the concrete is not respected, as well as point how the global stability of the structure can be affected by such compressive resistance decrease. In order to obtain accurate results, real projects data were taken from a construction site in Goiânia, Brazil. Moreover, structural simulations were performed through TQS Software so that the not previously foreseen nonconformities could be analysed and the problems related to the Ultimate/Serviceability Limit States could be avoided. The simulations consisted on the analysis of compressive strengths of 35 and 40 MPa. From this work, it is possible to detect substantial reasons to respect the real importance of the concrete’s fck. Overall, the element with lower fck is more vulnerable to excessive deflection and cracks.</p>