scholarly journals Adding climate change to the mix: responses of aquatic ectotherms to the combined effects of eutrophication and warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essie M. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Management Challenge

The threat of excessive nutrient enrichment, or eutrophication, is intensifying across the globe as climate change progresses, presenting a major management challenge. Alterations in precipitation patterns and increases in temperature are increasing nutrient loadings in aquatic habitats and creating conditions that promote the proliferation of cyanobacterial blooms. The exacerbating effects of climate warming on eutrophication are well established, but we lack an in-depth understanding of how aquatic ectotherms respond to eutrophication and warming in tandem. Here, I provide a brief overview and critique of studies exploring the cumulative impacts of eutrophication and warming on aquatic ectotherms, and provide forward direction using mechanistically focused, multi-threat experiments to disentangle complex interactions. Evidence to date suggests that rapid warming will exacerbate the negative effects of eutrophication on aquatic ectotherms, but gradual warming will induce physiological remodelling that provides protection against nutrients and hypoxia. Moving forward, research will benefit from a greater focus on unveiling cause and effect mechanisms behind interactions and designing treatments that better mimic threat dynamics in nature. This approach will enable robust predictions of species responses to ongoing eutrophication and climate warming and enable the integration of climate warming into eutrophication management policies.

scholarly journals Insights into the impacts of three current environmental problems on Amphibians

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Himangshu Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Combined Impact

Abstract Global warming, light pollution and noise are common human-induced environmental problems that are escalating at a high rate. Their consequences on wildlife have mostly been overlooked, with the exception of a few species with respect to climate change. The problems often occur simultaneously and exert their negative effects together at the same time. In other words, their impacts are combined. Studies have never focused on more than one problem, and so, such combined effects have never been understood properly. The review addresses this lacuna in the case of amphibians, which are a highly vulnerable group. It divides the overall impacts of the problems into seven categories (behaviour, health, movement, distribution, phenology, development and reproductive success) and then assesses their combined impact through statistical analyses. It revealed that amphibian calling is the most vulnerable aspect to the combined impacts. This could provide important input for conservation of amphibians.

scholarly journals The success of the cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in freshwaters is enhanced by the combined effects of light intensity and temperature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Bonilla ◽  
Mauricio González-Piana ◽  
Maria C.S. Soares ◽  
Vera L.M. Huszar ◽  
Vanessa Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Toxic Cyanobacterium ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Toxic cyanobacterial blooms in freshwaters are thought to be a consequence of the combined effects of anthropogenic eutrophication and climate change. It is expected that climate change will affect water mixing regimes that alter the water transparency and ultimately the light environment for phytoplankton. Blooms of the potentially toxic cyanobacterium <em>Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii</em> are expanding from tropical towards temperate regions. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this expansion, including an increase in water temperature due to climate change and the high phenotypic plasticity of the species that allows it to exploit different light environments. We performed an analysis based on eight lakes in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions to examine the distribution and abundance of <em>C. raciborskii</em> in relation to water temperature and transparency. We then conducted a series of short-term factorial experiments that combined three temperatures and two light intensity levels using <em>C. raciborskii</em> cultures alone and in interaction with another cyanobacterium to identify its growth capacity. Our results from the field, in contrast to predictions, showed no differences in dominance (&gt;40% to the total biovolume) of <em>C. raciborskii</em> between climate regions. <em>C. raciborskii</em> was able to dominate the phytoplankton in a wide range of light environments (euphotic zone = 1.5 to 5 m, euphotic zone/mixing zone ratio &lt;0.5 to &gt;1.5). Moreover, <em>C. raciborskii </em>was capable of dominating the phytoplankton at low temperatures (&lt;15°C). Our experimental results showed that <em>C. raciborskii</em> growing in interaction was enhanced by the increase of the temperature and light intensity. <em>C. raciborskii </em>growth in high light intensities and at a wide range of temperatures, suggests that any advantage that this species may derive from climate change that favors its dominance in the phytoplankton is likely due to changes in the light environment rather than changes in temperature. Predictive models that consider only temperature as a drive factor can therefore fail in predicting the expansion of this potentially toxic cyanobacterium.<em></em></p>

scholarly journals Combined Effects of Warming and Grazing on Rangeland Vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Tiejian Li ◽  
Bellie Sivakumar ◽  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
John D. Albertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grazing Effects ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Climate warming has increased grassland productivity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while intensified grazing has brought increasing direct negative effects. To understand the effects of climate change and make sustainable management decisions, it is crucial to identify the combined effects. Here, we separate the grazing effects with a climate-driven probability model and elaborate scenario comparison, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We show that grazing has positive effects on NDVI in the beginning and end of the growing season, and negative effects in the middle. Because of the positive effects, studies tend to underestimate and even ignore the grazing pressure under a warming climate. Moreover, the seasonality of grazing effects changes the NDVI-biomass relationship, influencing the assessment of climate change impacts. Therefore, the seasonality of grazing effects should be an important determinant in the response of grassland to warming in sustainability analysis.

scholarly journals Trends of publications related to climate change and lake research from 1991 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianming Deng ◽  
Yunlin Zhang ◽  
Boqiang Qin ◽  
Xiaolong Yao ◽  
Yubing Deng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Lake Ecosystems

<p>Climate change has been studied for many decades. Growing scientific, political, and public attention has focused on climate change and its effect on ecosystems, including lake ecosystems. In this study, we conducted comparative quantitative and qualitative analyses that focused on research development, current hotspots, and potential future directions of climate change research associated with lakes using a bibliometric analysis based on the Science Citation Index (SCI) database. A total of 10,196 papers associated with climate change-lake research were published in 1,206 journals. Rapid development occurred over the past 25 years and the number of published papers considerably increased since the 2000s. A keyword analysis showed that among the top 50 most frequently used keywords, <em>paleoecology</em>, <em>palynology</em>, <em>paleolimnology</em>, <em>climate change</em>, and <em>pollen analysis</em> exhibited decreasing trends. Recently, <em>eutrophication</em> exhibited one of the highest co-occurrence frequencies with <em>climate change</em>. Keywords such as <em>algae</em> and <em>cyanobacteria</em> also showed increasing trends with <em>climate change</em>, implied that more attention was paid to the harmful cyanobacterial blooms. Another significant increasing trend was observed between <em>climate change</em> and<em> remote sensing</em>, which is a modern technology that is now widely used in limnology. Our results also indicate that a distinct turning point associated with climate change-lake research occurred between 1991 and 2015. Before the 2000s, most studies focused on paleolimnology. Specifically, researchers were searching for the evidence of climate change in lake sediments by using traditional technologies, such as reflecting ancient climate using the information recorded by diatom or pollen in the sediments. Recently, more studies have focused on modern limnology, e.g., the effects of climate change on lake ecosystems. In addition, future research may focus on the following topics: 1) the interactive effects of climate change and eutrophication, or other environmental variables, on lake ecosystems; 2) solutions for mitigating the negative effects of climate change; and 3) the potential effects of eutrophication on climate change.</p>

On Climate Change Risks of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
N.E. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Management Policies

Based on the latest data, paper investigates the dynamics of global climate change and its impact on economic growth in the long-term. The notion of climate risk is considered. The main directions of climate risk management policies are analyzed aimed, first, at reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through technological innovation and structural economic shifts; secondly, at adaptation of population, territories and economic complexes to the irreparable effects of climate change. The problem of taking into account the phenomenon of climate change in the state economic policy is put in the context of the most urgent tasks of intensification of long-term socio-economic development and parrying strategic challenges to the development of Russia.

scholarly journals The Effects of US State-Level Energy and Environmental Policies on Clean Tech Innovation and Employment

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Gittell ◽  
Josh Stillwagon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Employment Benefits ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
Change Policy

<p>This paper explores the influence of US state-level policies meant to address climate change on clean technology industry development. The largest influence of climate change policies is identified as being on energy research employment. Only some policies seem to contribute positively to clean tech employment while other policies appear to discourage employment growth. The magnitudes of the short term effects, even when statistically significant, are modest. Negative impacts on employment are identified for several mandate-oriented, so called command and control, policies including vehicle greenhouse gas standards, energy efficiency resource standards, and renewable portfolio standards with the former two having increasing negative effects over time. The findings suggest that climate change policy advocates should be careful to not assume that there will be positive clean tech employment benefits from state-level energy and environmental policies. Instead, the benefits from these policies may derive primarily from other considerations beyond the scope of this paper, including health and environmental benefits and reduction of dependence on foreign energy sources.</p>

scholarly journals Winter Wheat Adaptation to Climate Change in Turkey

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Yuksel Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Climate change scenarios reveal that Turkey’s wheat production area is under the combined effects of heat and drought stresses. The adverse effects of climate change have just begun to be experienced in Turkey’s spring and the winter wheat zones. However, climate change is likely to affect the winter wheat zone more severely. Fortunately, there is a fast, repeatable, reliable and relatively affordable way to predict climate change effects on winter wheat (e.g., testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone). For this purpose, 36 wheat genotypes in total, consisting of 14 spring and 22 winter types, were tested under the field conditions of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, a representative of the spring wheat zone of Turkey, during the two cropping seasons (2017–2018 and 2019–2020). Simultaneous heat (>30 °C) and drought (<40 mm) stresses occurring in May and June during both growing seasons caused drastic losses in winter wheat grain yield and its components. Declines in plant characteristics of winter wheat genotypes, compared to those of spring wheat genotypes using as a control treatment, were determined as follows: 46.3% in grain yield, 23.7% in harvest index, 30.5% in grains per spike and 19.4% in thousand kernel weight, whereas an increase of 282.2% in spike sterility occurred. On the other hand, no substantial changes were observed in plant height (10 cm longer than that of spring wheat) and on days to heading (25 days more than that of spring wheat) of winter wheat genotypes. In general, taller winter wheat genotypes tended to lodge. Meanwhile, it became impossible to avoid the combined effects of heat and drought stresses during anthesis and grain filling periods because the time to heading of winter wheat genotypes could not be shortened significantly. In conclusion, our research findings showed that many winter wheat genotypes would not successfully adapt to climate change. It was determined that specific plant characteristics such as vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity, long phenological duration (lack of earliness per se) and vulnerability to diseases prevailing in the spring wheat zone, made winter wheat difficult to adapt to climate change. The most important strategic step that can be taken to overcome these challenges is that Turkey’s wheat breeding program objectives should be harmonized with the climate change scenarios.

Reforestation can compensate negative effects of climate change on amphibians

2021 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 109187
Author(s):  
Quezia Ramalho ◽  
Luara Tourinho ◽  
Mauricio Almeida-Gomes ◽  
Mariana M. Vale ◽  
Jayme A. Prevedello
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Effects
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