scholarly journals Robert William Ditchburn, 14 January 1903 - 8 April 1987

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 63-95
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
King's College ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Research Students ◽  
The University ◽  
Photo Ionization

Characteristically active to the end, Robert Ditchburn collapsed as he arrived at King’s College London (KQC), for a meeting of the British Pugwash Group on 8 April, and died shortly afterwards. His interests and influence extended widely beyond his own fields of research in physics, diverse though these were, and he wrote of him self: ‘if I could have had equal health, wealth and opportunity for scientific work I would have liked to live in an earlier period when it was possible to range over wide areas of science.... My work has been less specialized than that of most of my contemporaries but still more specialized than I would have liked.’ His main fields of research were, in fact, the following: (i) the photo-ionization of gases and vapours, (ii) other absorption processes relevant to the upper atmosphere, (iii) the optical properties of solids, especially diamonds, and (iv) the effect of eye movements on visual perception. Included in this list is what he will be especially remembered for, the development and application of methods for stabilizing images on the retina. But perhaps his main contribution to the advancement of science— this was his own judgement— was his work in building the Department of Physics in the University of Reading: the J. J. Thomson Physical Laboratory. He was proud to have been among the last research students of J. J. in the Cavendish, and he succeeded in having the new building in Whiteknights Park named after him. He himself had been appointed professor and head of the department in 1946, succeeding J. A. Crowther. He retired from the chair and headship in 1968. He was succeeded in the chair by the author of the present memoir, and in the headship by E. W. J. Mitchell, at that time Professor of the Physical Properties of Materials at Reading, now C.B.E., F.R.S., and Chairm an of SERC. Robert Ditchburn continued his work on eye movements after his retirement, working in the Department of Engineering at Reading (which, in 1968, was part of the Department of Applied Physical Sciences), and carrying forward a long collaboration with J. A. Foley- Fisher. His second book Eye movements and visual perception , was published during this period. He took advantage of his greater freedom to pursue his wider interests: he continued his work as a consultant to the diamond industry, and he devoted much time to the Pugwash Movement — this he considered to be his most worthwhile activity after his retirement. It was fitting that his last hours should have been spent in going about its business.

Charles Wayne Rees CBE. 15 October 1927 — 21 September 2006

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 351-378
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Heterocyclic Chemistry ◽  
Birkbeck College ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
King's College ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The University

Charles Rees was an eminent organic chemist. He specialized in the area of heterocyclic chemistry—the study of rings made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms—an important subject given that many medicines, agrochemicals, dyes and reprographic materials, as well as a very large number of naturally occurring compounds, including the DNA bases, the building blocks of life itself, are heterocyclic molecules. His scientific work was dominated by two overarching themes: reactive intermediates, in particular neutral, electron-deficient species such as carbenes, nitrenes and arynes, and unusual ring systems, particularly strained rings and novel aromatic systems, including those rich in sulphur and nitrogen atoms. Born in 1927, he was educated at Farnham Grammar School, then spent three years at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, before going to University College Southampton (later Southampton University) (BSc 1950, PhD 1953). After a postdoctoral period, he was appointed assistant lecturer at Birkbeck College, London, in 1955, before moving to a lectureship at King’s College, London, and subsequently to chairs at the University of Leicester (1965), the University of Liverpool (1969) and Imperial College, London (1978). He was elected to the Royal Society in 1974 and appointed CBE in 1995. He died in London in 2006.

Robert Street 1920–2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Barber ◽  
Paul G. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Research Field ◽  
Strategic Thinking ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Research School ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
National University ◽  
Research Students ◽  
The University

Following wartime work on radar and a University of London PhD awarded for measurement of absolute power, Bob Street developed his interest in low-temperature magnetism in solids while on the staff at Sheffield University. In 1960 he became Foundation Professor of Physics at Monash University where he built a department with strong capabilities in solid state physics. His own research continued at Monash but was put aside when he became Director of the Research School of Physical Sciences at the Australian National University (1973–7) and then Vice-Chancellor at the University of Western Australia (1978–86). Although the ANU experience was not a happy one, he flourished at UWA where his initiatives and strategic thinking laid the groundwork for advancement of the university. Street had kept up with advances in his research field and upon retirement he went back to it with notable success in publication, supervision of research students, acquisition of research grants and fruitful collaborations. He is fondly remembered as a first class physicist with a passion for cricket.

scholarly journals LISTER Joseph (1827-1912). To the 190th of the birthday

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Alexander Alekseevich Andreev ◽  
Anton Petrovich Ostroushko
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Honorary Member ◽  
Surgical Infection ◽  
King's College ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
The University

Joseph Lister – the largest English surgeon and scientist, the founder of antiseptics, President of the Royal society of surgeons, a member of the house of lords. Joseph Lister was born on 5 apr 1827 in England. In 1844 he graduated from high school, and in 1852, the medical faculty of the University of London and was appointed resident assistant College University hospital. The first scientific work of Lister was published in 1852 and was dedicated to the structure of the iris of the eye and its muscles. Soon Lister began working in the clinic of Professor George. Syme in Edinburgh and published lectures, devoted primarily to ophthalmology. In 1855 he became a member of the Royal College of surgeons and is a Professor in the George. Saimaa. In 1858 Lister became a surgeon of the Royal hospital in Edinburgh and at the same time began to read a course of surgery at the University. On 9 March 1860 he was appointed Professor of surgery in Glasgow. In 1867 in the journal "Lancet" published articles Lister, in which he argued the idea that wound infection is called a living beginning, introduced from the outside; was presented to combat surgical infection, comprising treating hand surgeon, surgical field and instruments, disinfection of the air by atomization of a solution of carbolic acid. In 1869 Lister was transferred to the surgical clinic in Edinburgh, and in 1877 he was given the chair of clinical surgery at king's College London. In 1884 Joseph Lister was given the title of baronet, from 1895 to 1900 he was President of the Royal society of surgeons; in 1897 appointed a member of the house of lords. In 1892 he was 65 years old and, according to the law, he had to leave the Department at the Royal College. Joseph Lister was made an honorary member of numerous universities and scientific societies, was awarded the Royal medal (1880), medal of Comenius (1877), albert (1894), Copley (1902); the order of merit (1902). Died Joseph Lister, on 10 February 1912 in Walmer. In honor of Joseph Lister has been named a genus of bacteria Listeria (Listeria), he is on the English postage stamp, issued in 1966.

scholarly journals Invited viewpoint: teaching programming to students in physical sciences and engineering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Cawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Physical Science ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Engineering Degree ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester ◽  
Programming Courses

AbstractComputer programming is a key component of any physical science or engineering degree and is a skill sought by employers. Coding can be very appealing to these students as it is logical and another setting where they can solve problems. However, many students can often be reluctant to engage with the material as it might not interest them or they might not see how it applies to their wider study. Here, I present lessons I have learned and recommendations to increase participation in programming courses for students majoring in the physical sciences or engineering. The discussion and examples are taken from my second-year core undergraduate physics module, Introduction to Programming for Physicists, taught at The University of Manchester, UK. Teaching this course, I have developed successful solutions that can be applied to undergraduate STEM courses.

Ellen Gleditsch: Duty and responsibility in a research and teaching career, 1916-1946

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNETTE LYKKNES ◽  
LISE KVITTINGEN ◽  
ANNE KRISTINE BØØRRESEN
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Atomic Weight ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Network Building ◽  
Ellen Gleditsch ◽  
University Of Oslo ◽  
The University

ABSTRACT Ellen Gleditsch (1879-1968) became Norway's first authority of radioactivity and the country's second female professor. After several years in international centers of radiochemistry, Gleditsch returned to Norway, becoming associate professor and later full professor of chemistry. Between 1916 and 1946 Gleditsch tried to establish a laboratory of radiochemistry at the University of Oslo, a career which included network building, grant applications, travels abroad, committee work, research, teaching, supervision, popularization, and war resistance work. Establishing a new field was demanding; only under her student, Alexis Pappas, was her field institutionalized at Oslo. This paper presents Gleditsch's everyday life at the Chemistry Department, with emphasis on her formation of a research and teaching laboratory of radiochemistry. Her main scientific work during this period is presented and discussed, including atomic weight determination of chlorine, age calculations in minerals, the hunt for actinium's ancestor and investigations on 40K.

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap: Understanding the Differing Research Expectations of First-Year Students and Professor

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Raven
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Research Students ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Instruction Strategies ◽  
Research Instruction ◽  
The University

Objective: This study sought to better understand the research expectations of first-year students upon beginning university study, and how these expectations differed from those of their professors. Most academic librarians observe that the research expectations of these two groups differ considerably and being able to articulate where these differences are greatest may help us provided more focused instruction, and allow us to work more effectively with professors and student support services. Methods: 317 first-year undergraduate students and 75 professors at Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, NS were surveyed to determine what they each expected of first-year student research. Students were surveyed on the first day of term so as to best understand their research expectations as they transitioned from high school to university. Results: The gulf between student and professor research expectations was found to be considerable, especially in areas such as time required for reading and research, and the resources necessary to do research. While students rated their preparedness for university as high, they also had high expectations related to their ability to use non-academic sources. Not unexpectedly, the majority of professors believed that students are not prepared to do university-level research, they do not take enough responsibility for their own learning, they should use more academic research sources, and read twice as much as students believe they should. Conclusions: By better understanding differing research expectations, students can be guided very early in their studies about appropriate academic research practices, and librarians and professors can provide students with improved research instruction. Strategies for working with students, professors and the university community are discussed.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC WORK OF STUDENTS DIRECTIONS «HISTORY» AT THE HISTORICAL FACULTY OF TVGU IN 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Юлия Владимировна Степанова
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
State University ◽  
Research Students

Сообщается о направлениях и итогах научных исследований студентов исторического факультета Тверского государственного университета . It is reported about the scope and the results of the research students of the historical faculty of the Tver State University.

scholarly journals PENDEKATAN BUDAYA DALAM MENGENALI PERILAKU MAHASISWA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadilla Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Student Behavior ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Behavior Patterns ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Home Village ◽  
The University

Culture is closely related to how people's behavior patterns are reflected in daily life. One of the cultural targets discussed in this scientific work is related to the influence of culture on student behavior patterns. Differences in patterns of student behavior will look different according to the culture of their respective regions. Not only limited to the local culture but also the culture that indirectly they always apply in the area or their own home village. Other cultural aspects are also seen in terms of the approach to residence of students in overseas areas around the university. Some of the approaches taken are related to cultural influences on student behavior related to factors of origin, birth innate factors, as well as residential or boarding factors.

XI. On the change produced by magnetization in the electrical resistance of iron and steel.—Preliminary notice

1875 ◽  
Vol 23 (156-163) ◽  
pp. 533-535 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
British Association ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
King's College ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
Series Of Experiments

For some time past Mr. Herbert Tomlinson, Demonstrator in the Physical Laboratory of King’s College, has been engaged in carrying out a series of experiments on this subject, and also on the effect of change of tension on the electrical resistance of steel and iron wires. In measuring the resistances of the short lengths of the wires or rods which were employed, a unit was chosen which was a small fraction of the British-Association unit.

Influence of Movement Expertise on Visual Perception of Objects, Events and Motor Action

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Essig ◽  
Oleg Strogan ◽  
Helge Ritter ◽  
Thomas Schack
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Control Learning

Various computational models of visual attention rely on the extraction of salient points or proto-objects, i.e., discrete units of attention, computed from bottom-up image features. In recent years, different solutions integrating top-down mechanisms were implemented, as research has shown that although eye movements initially are solely influenced by bottom-up information, after some time goal driven (high-level) processes dominate the guidance of visual attention towards regions of interest (Hwang, Higgins & Pomplun, 2009). However, even these improved modeling approaches are unlikely to generalize to a broader range of application contexts, because basic principles of visual attention, such as cognitive control, learning and expertise, have thus far not sufficiently been taken into account (Tatler, Hayhoe, Land & Ballard, 2011). In some recent work, the authors showed the functional role and representational nature of long-term memory structures for human perceptual skills and motor control. Based on these findings, the chapter extends a widely applied saliency-based model of visual attention (Walther & Koch, 2006) in two ways: first, it computes the saliency map using the cognitive visual attention approach (CVA) that shows a correspondence between regions of high saliency values and regions of visual interest indicated by participants’ eye movements (Oyekoya & Stentiford, 2004). Second, it adds an expertise-based component (Schack, 2012) to represent the influence of the quality of mental representation structures in long-term memory (LTM) and the roles of learning on the visual perception of objects, events, and motor actions.

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