scholarly journals Packing and deploying Soft Origami to and from cylindrical volumes with application to automotive airbags

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 160429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared T. Bruton ◽  
Todd G. Nelson ◽  
Trent K. Zimmerman ◽  
Janette D. Fernelius ◽  
Spencer P. Magleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Inverted Cone ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Viable Method ◽  
Packing Method ◽  
Initial Packing

Packing soft-sheet materials of approximately zero bending stiffness using Soft Origami (origami patterns applied to soft-sheet materials) into cylindrical volumes and their deployment via mechanisms or internal pressure (inflation) is of interest in fields including automobile airbags, deployable heart stents, inflatable space habitats, and dirigible and parachute packing. This paper explores twofold patterns, the ‘flasher’ and the ‘inverted-cone fold’, for packing soft-sheet materials into cylindrical volumes. Two initial packing methods and mechanisms are examined for each of the flasher and inverted-cone fold patterns. An application to driver’s side automobile airbags is performed, and deployment tests are completed to compare the influence of packing method and origami pattern on deployment performance. Following deployment tests, two additional packing methods for the inverted-cone fold pattern are explored and applied to automobile airbags. It is shown that modifying the packing method (using different methods to impose the same base pattern on the soft-sheet material) can lead to different deployment performance. In total, two origami patterns and six packing methods are examined, and the benefits of using Soft Origami patterns and packing methods are discussed. Soft Origami is presented as a viable method for efficiently packing soft-sheet materials into cylindrical volumes.

Sheet Material Property Effects upon Dynamic Behavior in Self-Pierce Riveted Joints

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Cong He
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Transverse Vibration ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Vibration Characteristics ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Riveted Joints ◽  
Free Transverse Vibration

Self-pierce riveting (SPR) technology offers an alternative to resistance spot welding (RSW) for joining sheet materials. It has been found that the SPR technology produced a much stronger joint than the RSW in fatigue test. For efficient design of SPR structures, the knowledge of dynamic characteristics of the SPR beams is essential. In this paper, the free transverse vibration characteristics of single lap-jointed cantilevered SPR beams are investigated in detail. The focus of the analysis is to reveal the influence on the natural frequency and natural frequency ratio of these beams caused by variations in the material properties of sheet materials to be jointed. It is shown that the transverse natural frequencies of single lap jointed cantilevered SPR beams increase significantly as the Young’s modulus of the sheet materials increases, but change slightly corresponding to the change in Poisson’s ratio. It is also found that the material density of the sheets have significant effects on the free transverse vibration characteristics of the beams.

Experimental Study on Galling Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel in Sheet Metal Forming

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Ying Ke Hou ◽  
Shu Hui Li ◽  
Yi Xi Zhao ◽  
Zhong Qi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Sheet Metal Forming ◽  
Metal Forming ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Materials Used

Galling is a known failure mechanism in many sheet metal forming processes. It limits the lifetime of tools and the quality of the products is affected. In this study, U-channel stamping experiments are performed to investigate the galling behavior of the advanced high strength steels in sheet metal forming . The sheet materials used in the tests are DP590 and DP780. In addition to the DP steels, the mild steel B170P1 is tested as a reference material in this study. Experimental results indicate that galling problem becomes severe in the forming process and the galling tendency can be divided into three different stages. The results also show that sheet material and tool hardness have crucial effects on galling performance in the forming of advanced high strength steels. In this study, DP780 results in the most heaviest galling among the three types of sheet materials. Galling performance are improved with increased hardness of the forming tool.

A Research on Optimization of Technological Parameters to the Objective Function of the Deep Dimensions when Forming Sheet Material by HOTSpif

2020 ◽  
Vol 863 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Tuyen Vo ◽  
Le Khanh Dien ◽  
Thanh Nam Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Duc Lien ◽  
Tan Ken Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Material ◽  
Single Point ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Depth Dimension ◽  
Tool Diameter ◽  
Alloy Titanium

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) technology has become popular and familiar in sheet materials forming, especially in single manufacturing, prototype manufacturing and in the medical field.... However, sheet materials with high hardness and durability are difficult to deform and shape because of their high properties. In that case, when we determine the main logical technological parameters such as forming temperature T (°C), speed of forming Vxy tool (mm/min), depth tool feeding z (mm) and tool diameter D (mm) tool, it is possible to apply HOT SPIF technology at high temperature to form these materials. The paper presents a study of optimization the main technology parameters when processing non-alloy Titanium sheet materials with HOT SPIF technology to get the smallest depth dimension error ΔH.

Effect of material thickness and reduction ratio on roughness transfer in skin-pass rolling to DC04 grade sheet materials

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batuhan Özakın ◽  
Bilal Çolak ◽  
Naci Kurgan
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Material ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Thickness ◽  
Skin Pass ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Thickness Sheet

Purpose The last stage of the cold rolling process is skin-pass rolling and one of its most significant goals is to obtain appropriate topography on the surface of the sheet steel used extensively such as in automotive industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of thickness change and various reduction ratios on roughness transfer of DC04 grade sheet material. Design/methodology/approach DC04 grade sheet materials with different reduction ratios and several thicknesses were subjected to skin-pass rolling process in the rolling equipment with a two-high roll. Some roughness parameters were determined as a result of roughness measurements from the surfaces of roughened sheet materials. Findings While the roughness transfer is higher in 1-mm thick material in reduction ratios up to 430 micrometers; in reduction ratios above 430 micrometers, it is higher for 1.5-mm thick materials. As the reduction ratio increases in DC04 grade sheet materials, the homogeneity of the roughness distribution in 1-mm thickness sheet material deteriorates, while the roughness distribution in 1.5-mm thickness sheet material is more homogeneous. Originality/value This paper demonstrates how material thickness and reduction ratio affect the roughness transfer in skin-pass rolling. The results obtained can be used by optimizing in manufacturing processes.

scholarly journals Impact of Permeation Properties and Backsheet-Encapsulant Interactions on the Reliability of PV Modules

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Peike ◽  
Philip Hülsmann ◽  
Matthias Blüml ◽  
Philipp Schmid ◽  
Karl-Anders Weiß ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Water Vapor Permeability ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polyvinyl Butyral ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Permeation Properties

The reliability of photovoltaic modules is highly influenced by the material properties of the backsheet and encapsulation material. Currently, little attention is paid to the permeation properties of the back-sheet material or to its impact on encapsulation degradation and module reliability. We investigated the interaction of different types of solar encapsulation and back-sheet materials. Therefore, various laminates were made to examine the environmental impact on such materials during the aging processes. One focus of our study lies in oxygen and water vapor permeability of the back-sheet materials. The encapsulants used were an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), a TPSE (thermoplastic silicone elastomer), an ionomer, and a PVB (polyvinyl butyral). Back-sheet materials were a TPT (Tedlar-PET-Tedlar) foil, a polyamide (PA) sheet and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite film. Raman spectroscopic and FT-IR/vis-reflectance measurements were carried out before and after different accelerated aging procedures. The water vapor and oxygen permeation properties were measured. A clear correlation between the permeation properties and the observed aging behavior was found. The degradation, especially of the encapsulant, resulted in increased fluorescence background in the Raman spectra. It could be shown that the encapsulation-cell-backsheet system should be optimized in order to minimize the stress on the PV-module components.

Aluminum Foam Sandwich with Different Face-Sheet Materials under Three-Point Bending

2017 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Yan ◽  
Xu Ding Song ◽  
Shuo Feng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Face Sheet ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Sheet Materials

Aluminum foam sandwich structure is a new type of composite material with excellent mechanical and functional properties. As it is known that properties of aluminum foam sandwiches (AFS) vary if the foam core is sandwiched between different face sheets. To study the effects of face-sheet materials on the mechanical properties of AFS and enable a better understanding of the usage of such AFS structures under flexural load, AFS sandwiched by 6061-aluminum alloy face-sheets and 304 stainless steel face-sheets were fabricated and investigated under three-point bending by using WDW-T100 electronic universal tensile testing machine. Results showed that 6061-aluminum alloy reinforced AFS had the same peak load value with 304-stainless steel reinforced one almost so long as the thicknesses of the face-sheet material were the same and the foam core densities were the same too, but the energy absorption ability of 304-stainless steel reinforced AFS was much higher than that of 6061-aluminum alloy reinforced. However, the integrality of the 6061-sandwiched AFS was better than 304-sandwiched AFS. Deformation modes of the two types of AFS were also discussed in the present study.

The Influence of Bending Stiffness on the Deformation of Axisymmetric Networks

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Fishing Gear ◽  
Dimensional Parameter ◽  
Trawl Fishing

The aftmost part of a trawl fishing gear, the cod-end, has been successfully modelled as an axisymmetric network. Here we investigate the influence that the bending stiffness of the component twines has on the deformation of the network and accordingly on the degree to which the netting meshes open. A non-dimensional parameter EI/NM4P, where EI is the twine bending stiffness, N is the number of meshes around, M is the mesh size, and P is the internal pressure, is shown to characterize network deformation. We identify upper bounds on the network radius when subject to a constant internal pressure and demonstrate numerically how this varies as the value of this non-dimensional parameter increases. We also look at some specific examples and discuss how an increase in twine bending stiffness may affect fish escape from the cod-end.

Modeling and Experimental Assessment of Bending Characteristics of Laminated Bilayer Sheet Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Govindasamy ◽  
Mukesh K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Material ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Relative Thickness ◽  
Principal Stresses ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Clad Layer

Many mathematical models based on the advanced theory of bending to predict bending characteristics for monolithic sheet materials are available in the literature. In this work, a similar approach is utilized to develop bending models for a bilayer laminated sheet material. The principal stresses and strains through the thickness and change in relative thickness, at specified bend curvatures, are obtained as a function of increasing curvature during bending. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) based models for bilayer laminate bending are developed to overcome simplifications of the analytical models. In order to experimentally validate the two models, a new experimental bend test-jig is developed and experiments are performed on bilayer steel–aluminum laminate for different clad to matrix thickness ratios. These experiments have enabled continuous measurements of strain along the width at the bend line and through the laminate thickness at one of the specimen edges using an online strain mapping system based on digital image correlation (DIC) method. Analytical model results indicate how the through-thickness strain distribution and relative thickness of the specimen in bending are influenced by the location and thickness of the soft clad material. The FE model and experimental results exhibit similar trends in the relative thickness change for different geometric arrangements of steel–aluminum layers. The tangential and radial stresses decrease in magnitude with increasing aluminum clad thickness ratios. The 3D FE model of laminate bending provided strain predictions across the specimen width at the bend line on the tension and compression sides that increased with increasing clad thickness ratios. Also, relative thickness data from the 3D FE model showed uniaxial and plane strain stress states at the edge and midwidth sections of the test specimen. The results from analytical and FE models and from DIC and microscopic thickness measurements indicate that thickness at the bend line increases with increasing clad thickness for the case of clad layer on the compressive side of the laminate (i.e., C-C case) and vice versa for clad layer on the tensile side (C-T).

Superplastic Properties and Superplastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding of γ-TiAl+α2-Ti3Al Sheet Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 551-552 ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinat V. Safiullin ◽  
Renat M. Imayev ◽  
V.M. Imayev ◽  
Werner Beck ◽  
F.H. Froes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
Ingot Metallurgy ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Sheet Products ◽  
Superplastic Properties ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
And Diffusion

The as-cast and hot worked microstructures of the newly developed β-solidifying ingot-metallurgy Ti-45Al-X (Nb,Mo,B) alloy and its superplastic properties in the hot worked condition have been studied. The obtained experimental findings were used for research of superplastic forming and diffusion bonding of sheet products, which were cut out of hot worked preform by spark cutting. It was shown that superplastic forming might be successfully applied to the obtained fine-grained sheet materials. Relatively low bonding temperatures and pressures were found to be sufficient to achieve sound joints in the sheet material.

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