scholarly journals No evidence of tactile distance anisotropy on the belly

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 180866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Longo ◽  
Anamaria Lulciuc ◽  
Lenka Sotakova
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Large Anisotropy ◽  
Clinical Conditions

The perceived distance between two touches has been found to be larger for pairs of stimuli oriented across the width of the body than along the length of the body, for several body parts. Nevertheless, the magnitude of such biases varies from place to place, suggesting systematically different distortions of tactile space across the body. Several recent studies have investigated perceived tactile distance on the belly as an implicit measure of body perception in clinical conditions including anorexia nervosa and obesity. In this study, we investigated whether there is an anisotropy of perceived tactile distance on the belly in a sample of adult women. Participants made verbal estimates of the perceived distance between pairs of touches oriented either across body width or along body length on the belly and the dorsum of the left hand. Consistent with previous results, a large anisotropy was apparent on the hand, with across stimuli perceived as larger than along stimuli. In contrast, no such bias was apparent on the belly. These results provide further evidence that anisotropies of perceived tactile distance vary systematically across the body and suggest that there is no anisotropy at all on the belly in healthy women.

Characteristics of the Inside-of-the-Body Test Drawings Performed by Normal School Children

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A. Brumback
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Unselected Group ◽  
Visible Body ◽  
Internal Body

The Inside-of-the-Body test was administered to an unselected group of 150 elementary school children in Grades 1 to 6. The most frequently identified body part was the heart. Musculoskeletal and visible body parts were identified by younger children. Children in the higher grade levels drew more cavity organs and their drawings more frequently showed the organs in the correct anatomic arrangement. The Inside-of-the-Body test may be a useful adjunctive tool in the psychological assessment of children by identifying the development of internal body perception in normal children as well as those with physical and psychological disorders.

scholarly journals Perception of Tactile Distance on the Back

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 030100662110253
Author(s):  
Anabela Nicula ◽  
Matthew R. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Lower Back

The perceived distance between two touches is anisotropic on many parts of the body. Generally, tactile distances oriented across body width are perceived as larger than distances oriented along body length, though the magnitude of such biases differs substantially across the body. In this study, we investigated tactile distance perception on the back. Participants made verbal estimates of the perceived distance between pairs of touches oriented either across body width or along body length on (a) the left hand, (b) the left upper back, and (c) the left lower back. There were clear tactile distance anisotropies on the hand and upper back, with distances oriented across body width overestimated relative to those along body length/height, consistent with previous results. On the lower back, however, an anisotropy in exactly the opposite direction was found. These results provide further evidence that tactile distance anisotropies vary systematically across the body and suggest that the spatial representation of touch on the lower back may differ qualitatively from that on other regions of the body.

scholarly journals Altered interoceptive activation before, during, and after aversive breathing load in women remitted from anorexia nervosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Berner ◽  
A. N. Simmons ◽  
C. E. Wierenga ◽  
A. Bischoff-Grethe ◽  
M. P. Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Body State ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Offset Time ◽  
Stimulus Offset

BackgroundThe neural mechanisms of anorexia nervosa (AN), a severe and chronic psychiatric illness, are still poorly understood. Altered body state processing, or interoception, has been documented in AN, and disturbances in aversive interoception may contribute to distorted body perception, extreme dietary restriction, and anxiety. As prior data implicate a potential mismatch between interoceptive expectation and experience in AN, we examined whether AN is associated with altered brain activation before, during, and after an unpleasant interoceptive state change.MethodsAdult women remitted from AN (RAN; n = 17) and healthy control women (CW; n = 25) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during an inspiratory breathing load paradigm.ResultsDuring stimulus anticipation, the RAN group, relative to CW, showed reduced activation in right mid-insula. In contrast, during the aversive breathing load, the RAN group showed increased activation compared with CW in striatum and cingulate and prefrontal cortices (PFC). The RAN group also showed increased activation in PFC, bilateral insula, striatum, and amygdala after stimulus offset. Time course analyses indicated that RAN responses in interoceptive processing regions during breathing load increased more steeply than those of CW. Exploratory analyses revealed that hyperactivation after breathing load was associated with markers of past AN severity.ConclusionsAnticipatory deactivation with a subsequent exaggerated brain response during and after an aversive body state may contribute to difficulty predicting and adapting to internal state fluctuation. Because eating changes our interoceptive state, restriction may be one method of avoiding aversive, unpredictable internal change in AN.

Awareness of body dimensions during pregnancy: an analogue study

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Slade
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Analogue Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Image Disorder ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Better Than

synopsisTwo alternative explanations of the body-image abnormality in anorexia nervosa patients are outlined: namely, the ‘abnormal sensitivity’ and ‘adaptational failure’ hypotheses. Evidence relating to these 2 conflicting hypotheses was obtained from body-perception measurements carried out on groups of pregnant women.In the first study 40 pregnant women, at approximately 4 months' duration, were found to overestimate their bodily dimensions, albeit to a lesser extent than the previously tested group of anorexia nervosa patients (Slade & Russell, 1973a). When they were subdivided on the basis of a history of weight change over the previous 12 months, the ‘stable weight’ subgroup was found to overestimate significantly more than the ‘weight gain’ and ‘weight loss’ subgroups.In a second study 16 of the original group of pregnant women were retested at approximately 8 months' duration. Although their weight and bodily dimensions had increased on retesting, their tendency to overestimate was found to be significantly reduced.It was concluded that the phenomenon of body-image disorder is not specific to anorexia nervosa, extending not only to patients with obesity and to some normal women, but also to women during pregnancy. Moreover, the ‘abnormal sensitivity’ hypothesis was considered to fit these and other recently accumulated data better than the alternative ‘adaptational failure’ hypothesis. Some of the theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Cortices to the Representation of Body Parts and Body Sides: An fMRI Adaptation Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2306-2320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Tamè ◽  
Christoph Braun ◽  
Angelika Lingnau ◽  
Jens Schwarzbach ◽  
Gianpaolo Demarchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Information ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
The Body ◽  
Left Index Finger ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Somatosensory Cortices ◽  
Fmri Adaptation

Although the somatosensory homunculus is a classically used description of the way somatosensory inputs are processed in the brain, the actual contributions of primary (SI) and secondary (SII) somatosensory cortices to the spatial coding of touch remain poorly understood. We studied adaptation of the fMRI BOLD response in the somatosensory cortex by delivering pairs of vibrotactile stimuli to the finger tips of the index and middle fingers. The first stimulus (adaptor) was delivered either to the index or to the middle finger of the right or left hand, and the second stimulus (test) was always administered to the left index finger. The overall BOLD response evoked by the stimulation was primarily contralateral in SI and was more bilateral in SII. However, our fMRI adaptation approach also revealed that both somatosensory cortices were sensitive to ipsilateral as well as to contralateral inputs. SI and SII adapted more after subsequent stimulation of homologous as compared with nonhomologous fingers, showing a distinction between different fingers. Most importantly, for both somatosensory cortices, this finger-specific adaptation occurred irrespective of whether the tactile stimulus was delivered to the same or to different hands. This result implies integration of contralateral and ipsilateral somatosensory inputs in SI as well as in SII. Our findings suggest that SI is more than a simple relay for sensory information and that both SI and SII contribute to the spatial coding of touch by discriminating between body parts (fingers) and by integrating the somatosensory input from the two sides of the body (hands).

Body parts of clinical concern in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder: a cross-diagnostic comparison

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin Toh ◽  
Sally A Grace ◽  
Susan L Rossell ◽  
David J Castle ◽  
Andrea Phillipou
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Weight Concerns ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Objectives: Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder share a hallmark clinical feature of severe body image disturbance. This study aimed to document major demographic and clinical characteristics in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder, and it was the first to compare specific body parts related to body image dissatisfaction across these disorders directly. Methods: Anorexia nervosa ( n=26) and body dysmorphic disorder ( n=24) patients were administered a range of clinical measures, including key questions about the specificities of their body image concerns. Results: Results revealed increased psychiatric and personality co-morbidities in anorexia nervosa relative to body dysmorphic disorder. The anorexia nervosa group was mostly preoccupied with three body zones typically linked to weight concerns, whereas the body dysmorphic disorder group fixated on facial features, hair and skin. Conclusions: These findings may help inform differential diagnosis in complex cases and aid in the formulation of targeted interventions.

Body Perception and Anorexic Behavior in Medical School Students: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Arantes Pagano ◽  
◽  
Gabriela Bueno Araújo ◽  
Gabriela Spolon Freitas ◽  
Rafaela Garcia Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
The Real ◽  
Eat 26

Introduction: The concept of body image is defined as the subjective image about the forms and characteristics of the body itself, which integrates physical, mental, and emotional levels about this perception. Excessive concern with weight and body shape and the divinization of exaggerated thinness can lead to eating disorders, which are characterized as psychiatric diseases defined by changes in eating behavior, which mainly affects women, being a source of physical and psychological damage. One of the most common disorders is anorexia nervosa (AN). Objective: To analyze the body perception and anorexic behavior of students at a medical school in the interior of São Paulo. Methods: This is an observational, qualitative study to assess the body perception and anorexic behavior of university students at a medical school in the city of Catanduva-SP. The sample consisted of 141 students. To assess the perception of body image, the Kakeshita silhouette scale, and a visual analog scale were used. For the evaluation of the subjective component of the body image, a virtual questionnaire was applied by Google Forms on the evaluated components. The assessment of nutritional status considered the classification of the body mass index and the EAT-26 test. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used. Results: The students had an average age of 21.34 years ± 2.2 and an average height of 1.64 meters. The average of the real Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.08 Kg/m², the perception of BMI was 26.40 Kg/m² and the desired BMI was 22.93 Kg/m², the last two being different statistically from the first. As for EAT-26, 73 students obtained a score greater than or equal to 21, which is considered a risky behavior for the development of AN. Conclusion: Most students have an altered perception of their body image since the perception of BMI is higher than the real BMI. In addition, it was noted, from the positive EAT-26, the existence of a high-risk behavior index for anorexia nervosa in the women in the sample. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the causes of the divergence between reality and looking at oneself in order to prevent such changes from becoming eating disorders.

scholarly journals NAO-Teach: helping kids to learn societal and theoretical knowledge with friendly human-robot interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1657
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hoirul Basori
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Sensor ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Robotic Technology ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Vision Processing

<span lang="EN-GB">Robotic technology has affected the education field, and even early education involves robot to attract Kids. Technical education is the notion of giving students knowledge of robots and technology. The main contribution of our research is to provide an interactive way of learning for kids through play and fun method. Two approaches proposed here: first, we provide an interactive game by touching robots body parts to teach kids how they were practising their motoric nerve and the listening to the instruction. In this game, kids asked to find some robot parts such as right hand, or left hand, where it equipped with a tactile sensor. The game difficulty can be increased by setting up the time limit for the answer and make kids touch the body parts of the robot very fast. The second learning method is practising number counting and pronunciation with NAO Robots. The robots will do computer vision processing to analyse and pronounce the kids handwriting with an artificial neural network. The result of implementation has obtained more than 75% success rate on recognition part with loss es than 0.6. The system received strong appreciation from kids and their parent, while  This research believed able to attract kids to study in interactive and fun ways.</span>

scholarly journals Differential effects of minified and magnified mirror visual feedback on the underlying misperception of hand size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Treshi-Marie Perera ◽  
Jiun Ting Tan ◽  
Poo Shin Mu ◽  
Roger Newport
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Perception ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Mirror Visual Feedback ◽  
Objective Outcomes ◽  
Size Estimates ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractPerception of the size of body parts, for instance the hand, has been shown to be distorted in healthy participants, with over- and underestimations of width and length, respectively. Illusory manipulations of body shape and size have highlighted the flexibility of the body representation and have also been found to update immediate perceptions of body size and surrounding objects. Here, we examined whether underlying misperceptions of hand width and length can be modified through exposure to illusory changes in hand size using a mirror visual feedback (MVF) paradigm. While questionnaire responses indicated subjective susceptibility to both magnified and minified manipulations, objective hand size estimates only showed significant differences following exposure to minifying mirrors. These variations might reflect differences in the way that stored representations are accessed or updated in response to size manipulations. Secondly, the findings further reinforce differences between subjective and objective outcomes of illusions on subsequent body perception.

The Measurement of Body Image Disturbances in Anorexia Nervosa

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred M. Fichter ◽  
Irmgard Meister ◽  
Hans-Joachim Koch
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Liquid Meal ◽  
Rank Analysis ◽  
Body Image Disturbances

Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa patients have been assessed in an experimental study which dealt with the following issues: (1) Three different procedures for the assessment of body image disturbances were compared in a discriminant function analysis: (a) a Video Monitor Procedure, (b) the Movable Caliper Procedure and (c) the Image Marking Procedure. The Image Marking Procedure showed the best discrimination between groups. (2) Anorexia nervosa patients showed a statistically significant over-estimation as compared to the control group in the variables ‘waist’, ‘upper thigh’ and the compound measure ‘soft body parts', while they did not overestimate control variables (Kruskal-Wallis-Rank-Analysis of Variance). (3) A standard liquid meal of 240 Kal. had no statistically significant influence on the estimation of body width, irrespective of the amount of calories consumed and instruction given. Possibilities and limitations of various measurement procedures are discussed.

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