scholarly journals Studies with the liquid hydrogen and air calorimeters

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (510) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Vacuum Vessel ◽  
Rubber Tubing ◽  
Loose Packing ◽  
Short Piece ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Small Test Tube

The calorimeter employed in the following experiments was similar to that described in my paper on “The Scientific Uses of Liquid Air,” and in an improved form in Madame Curie’s work “Recherches sur les Substances Radio-Actives,” 2nd edition, p. 100. A sketch of the apparatus appears in my paper on “The Absorption and Thermal Evolution of Gases Occluded in Charcoal at Low Temperatures.” The arrangement employed consists essentially of a large vacuum vessel capable of holding 2 or 3 litres, into which is inserted a smaller vacuum vessel of 25 to 50 c. c. capacity constituting the calorimeter, the latter being sealed on to a long narrow tube which projects from the mouth of the exterior vessel, in which it is lightly held by a loose packing of cotton wool. A little below the upper end a branch tube is taken off which conveys the volatilised gas from the calorimeter to the gas receiver. To the extremity of the projecting tube a small test-tube, to hold the portions of substance experimented on, is attached by a short piece of rather wide rubber tubing which forms naturally a movable joint that can be bent into any position. With care I have found this valve gives as good results as more elaborate means of securing the dropping of the substances into the calorimeter. A small vacuum vessel which may contain either solid carbonic acid, liquid ethylene, or liquid air, into which the test-tube is placed, cools the materials to different temperatures below those of the laboratory; or alternatively the substances may be heated in the vapour of water or other liquids.

New response to sexual characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
V. G.
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Small Test Tube ◽  
Color Indicator

Prof. Bernatsky (Doctor. Gaz., 1924, No. 18) describes a new specific reaction to the sexual characteristics of plant and animal tissues. 1/4 of the timing is taken. test tissue, crushed in a mortar, placed in a small test tube ("port-fleur"), 1 cube of site is poured, a mixture of equal parts of 0.582% sodium hydroxide solution and 0.816% potassium hydroxide solution, the mixture is thoroughly mixed with a glass rod, and 1 a drop of a color indicator consisting of 2 hours of alcohol (95-96 ) 1% dalpy solution, 1 hour. one

The Boltz (Acetic-Anhydride) Test in Cerebro-Spinal Fluid

1930 ◽  
Vol 76 (313) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
White Background ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Small Test Tube ◽  
Pink Coloration

The acetic anhydride test was introduced in 1923 by Boltz, who regarded a positive result as diagnostic of syphilis of the central nervous system. The technique of the test is simplicity itself, and is as follows: Place 1 c.c. of spinal fluid in a small test-tube. Add 0.3 c.c. of acetic anhydride drop by drop; shake. Add 0.8 c.c. concentrated sulphuric acid drop by drop; shake. After five minutes examine the colour of the fluid against a white background. A lilac or blue-pink coloration is positive.

scholarly journals Randy Scholle's reaction (Med. Zh., 1922, no. 5)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-106
Author(s):  
V. G.
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Carbolic Acid ◽  
Small Test Tube

The essence of this reaction, which occurs in all infectious diseases of the central nervous system, is as follows: to 1 cubic meter. site, concentrated (1:15) carbolic acid, poured into a small test tube, add 1 kyle of cerebrospinal fluid taken from a patient; if in this case there is an infectious disease of the central nervous system, then, due to the increased content of globulins in the cerebrospinal fluid, a smoky cloud of turbidity is formed in a few seconds throughout the contact of the drop falling to the bottom with the carbolic solution, while the normal liquid of this cloud does not give .

scholarly journals Impact of a short-time exposure to different temperatures on wakening time of Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801) (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Vertiginidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-189
Author(s):  
Zofia Książkiewicz-Parulska
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Short Time

I checked experimentally how a short-time exposure to different temperatures: 1 °C, 24 °C and 34 °C in a high humidity affects wakening time of Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud). The snails were exposed to experimental conditions for 48 hours (each snail in a separate test tube, provided with food and a source of calcium). After that time, all the individuals were transferred to room temperature (24 °C) for counting the time needed for wakening. The shortest wakening time was noted for snails kept at 1 °C, the longest – for snails kept at room temperature of 24 °C.

scholarly journals An EPR Study of Small Magnetic Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cini ◽  
Pierpaolo Ceci ◽  
Elisabetta Falvo ◽  
Dante Gatteschi ◽  
Maria Fittipaldi
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Spin Model ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Spin States ◽  
Spinel Type ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Quantum Behavior ◽  
Emr Spectroscopy

AbstractMagnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of spinel type iron oxide (of approximately 4 nm) mineralized inside the internal cavity of a mini ferritin-type protein have been investigated by means of electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy. EMR measurements have been recorded at different temperatures in perpendicular and parallel configurations. The spectra have been interpreted using an approach based on the giant spin model. We confirm the quantum behavior of the MNPs, moreover, the thermal evolution of the spin system in terms of population of excited spin states is showed.

Synthesis, characterization, and properties of lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1210-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. A. Sekar ◽  
Arvind Halliyal ◽  
K. C. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectrics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Combustion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Nitrates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solution Combustion Process

Lead-based relaxor ferroelectrics such as Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN), Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PZN), and their solid solutions with BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 have been prepared by a solution combustion process which involves metal nitrates/oxalate and tetraformal trisazine (TFTA) at 350 °C. Thermal evolution of perovskite relaxors has been investigated at different temperatures of calcination using the powder x-ray diffraction method. Particles are fine and sinter-active at low temperature (1050 °C). Both particulate and dielectric properties are compared.

scholarly journals III. Experiments on the quantity of gases absorbed by water, at different temperatures, and under different pressures

1803 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 29-274 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chemical History

Though the solubility of an individual gas in water forms, generally, a part of its chemical history, yet this property has been overlooked, in the examination of several species of the class of aëriform substances. The carbonic acid, indeed, is the only gas whose relation to water has been an object of much attention; and, at a very early period of its history, Mr. Cavendish, in the course of inquiries, the results of which were the groundwork of the most important subsequent discoveries, ascertained, with peculiar care, the proportion of carbonic acid gas condensible in water, at the temperature of 55º of Fahrenheit. Dr. Priestley also, about the same period, directed his attention to the saturation of water with fixed air, and contrived a simple and effectual mode of obtaining this impregnation. His apparatus, afterwards, gave way to the more manageable one of Dr. Nooth; and this, in its turn, has been superseded by the improved mode of condensing, into water, many times its bulk of various gases, invented and practised by several chemical artists, (as well as by myself,) both in this country and abroad. The influence of pressure, in accomplishing this strong impregnation, was first, I believe, suggested by Dr. Priestley. “In an exhausted receiver,” that most ingenious philosopher observes, “Pyrmont water will actually boil, by the copious “discharge of its air; and I do not doubt, therefore, that by “means of a condensing engine, water might be much more “highly impregnated with the virtues of the Pyrmont “spring.”

scholarly journals The impact of nanosilver addition on element ions release form light-cured dental composite and compomer into 0.9% NaCl.

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Sokołowski ◽  
Małgorzata I Szynkowska ◽  
Aleksandra Pawlaczyk ◽  
Monika Łukomska-Szymańska ◽  
Jerzy Sokołowski
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Dental Composite ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Metal Ion Release ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper was to identify and to assess in semi-quantified way the release of different ions from composite and compomer restorative materials subjected to 0.9% NaCl solution, which simulates the environment of the human body. In the present study, the number of ions (Al, Ag, Ba, Sr, Ti) released from dental fillings over time (one week, one month and 3 months), in different temperatures (23°C, 37°C) and depending on the materials applied (unmodified/modified with nanosilver) was investigated. The results suggest that nanosilver addition influences directly on the process of metal ion releasing into 0.9% NaCl solution. The increase in the number of counts of metal ions was observed in the solutions in which samples modified with nanosilver were kept. Higher amount of metal ion release was observed for composite samples rather than for compomer materials. The study revealed that in general the number of released metal ions increases with the time of storage (for metal ions: Ti, Ba, Sr) and at higher temperature (Ag, Ti, Ba). Reverse tendency observed for silver ion release versus incubation time may be caused by the process of silver adsorption, which takes place on the surface of analyzed material and test-tube walls, where samples were incubated.

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 02
Author(s):  
Vanessa Kawa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Cyclic Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dna Strand

The most significant advance in Molecular Biology area in recent years was due to the development of a technic that provides the unlimited multiplication of DNA molecules (deoxyribonucleic acid – genetic material of most living things). Named PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), this technique afforded the progress of several scientific areas. The rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases by PCR allows for greater effectiveness in the treatment of these diseases. The reliability of this technique is so great, that the identification of a criminal by PCR is accepted as forensic evidence. To perform a PCR reaction, it is necessary a DNA molecule to serve as a template, an enzyme called DNA polymerase and nucleotides, which make up the new DNA strand. In a simplified way, these are the main ingredients, but only mixing them in a test tube is not sufficient to trigger the process of DNA amplification. For this, cyclic temperature variations must occur, such as: a DNA initial denaturation at 94o C for 2 min, 35 cycles of 1 min at 94o C, 1 min at 62o C, 1 min at 72o C, and a final extension for 4 min at 72o C. For the accurate occurrence of these cyclic temperature changes, an equipment called thermocycler was developed. In other words, this revolutionary technique combines enzymatic reactions and a thermodynamic process. Currently most thermocyclers use the Peltier technology, exploiting the properties of semiconductors and providing greater uniformity at different temperatures that result in a high degree of accuracy and reproducibility. Thus, I take the opportunity to encourage research in the field of Thermal Engineering interfaced with Molecular Biology, which, as discussed above, may contribute to major scientific advances in biological sciences, and an improvement in the community's quality of life in general.

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