scholarly journals The effect of frequency on the condensed discharge ignition of carbonic oxide-air detonating gas

1931 ◽  
Vol 134 (823) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Gaseous Mixture ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Thermal Theory ◽  
Discharge Ignition ◽  
Condensed Discharge ◽  
Detonating Gas

The thermal theory of the mechanism of the ignition of an explosive gaseous mixture by an electric discharge was put forward by Taylor-Jones, Morgan and Wheeler, in terms stating that “the ignition of a gaseous mixture depends primarily . . . on the heating of a sufficient volume to a sufficient tempera­ture.” The electrical ignition of gases has been studied by R. V. Wheeler, Taylor- Jones, Holm, and J. D. Morgan, all of whom have put forward facts pur­porting to establish a purely thermal theory which, it is claimed, explains the mechanism of ignition as a whole, whether by electric discharges or by any other means.

scholarly journals Agrochemical Effects Of Plasma-Treated Wate

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Petryaeva ◽  
Maria Andrianova ◽  
Dmitry Korotkov ◽  
Sergey Korotkov ◽  
Georgy Spichkin
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Short Time

Plasma-treated water can positively influence on plants, but the effect depends on a type of plasma-generating setup. Experimental setup with rather short time of water treatment was created and biological effects of plasma-treated water produced by it were investigated. The setup generated electric-discharge low-temperature plasma in air bubbles moving through water. Electric discharges were initiated by high voltage pulses with amplitude of ~ 30 kV and rise front ~ 8 mks at frequency up to 500 Hz. After 2-3 minutes of water treatment by the electric-discharge plasma increase of electric conductivity and redox potential, concentrations of nitric acid were observed in water. Treatment of pumpkin, beet and pea seeds in experimental device (together with water) stimulated their germination. Plasma-treated water alone also stimulated germination of pea and bean seeds, increased yield of fruit body mass for oyster mushroom. Allium test showed inhibition of root growth by plasma-treated water due to its low pH, but neutralization with NaOH, Na2CO3 or Ca(OH)2 eliminated this effect. The authors suppose that the created setup can be applied in local crop farms for seeds disinfection and growth stimulation.

scholarly journals Gaseous combusion in electric discharges. Part III.-The cathodic combustion of dry carbonic oxide detonating gas

1929 ◽  
Vol 124 (794) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Direct Current Discharge ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Gap Width ◽  
Detonating Gas

In Parts I and II of the present series an account was given of an investigation of the ignition and slow non-self-propellant combustion of electrolytic gas in direct current discharges. In those experiments a smooth direct current discharge was maintained between cooled platinum or copper electrodes in pure electrolytic gas, confined over sulphuric acid, at pressures between 30 and 180 mm. in such a manner as to eliminate, as far as possible, any chemical combination other that that caused only by the ionisation of the gases. The proportionality between the rate of chemical change and the current was then studied. It was shown that (i) an electric discharge can be passed through electrolytic gas in such a manner that combination takes place at a rate which is determined only by the discharge; (ii) up to a certain limiting current, which depends upon ( a ) the nature of the cathode material, ( b ) the gas pressure, and ( c ) the gap width, combustion is confined to the cathode zone, its rate being directly proportional to the current, i. e ., to the number of ions arriving at the cathode in a given time; (iii) after a certain limiting current has been exceeded, combustion commences abruply in the inter-electrode zone and is thereafter superposed upon the cathodic combustion, the two then continuing as independent simultaneous effects; (iv) this inter-electodic combustion, like the cathodic, is also proportional to the current passing; unlike the cathodic, however, it is independent of the material of the electodes, but dependent upon ( a ) the gas pressure, and ( b ) the gap width.

scholarly journals Plasma-electrolyte discharges in a gas-liquid medium for the production of hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. F. Gaysin ◽  
F. M. Gaysin ◽  
L. N. Bagautdinova ◽  
A. A. Khafizov ◽  
R. I. Valiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Discharge Current ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Dielectric Tube ◽  
Discharge Ignition ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

THE PURPOSE. Comprehensive study of the effect of direct current electric discharge plasma in a gas-liquid medium of inorganic mixtures in order to obtain gaseous hydrogen. Obtain volt-ampere, volt-second and ampere-second characteristics of the discharge at various concentrations of electrolyte. Study the process of electrolysis, breakdown, discharge ignition and discharge flow in a dielectric tube at a constant current. METHODS. To solve this problem, experimental studies were carried out on a model installation, which consists of a power supply system, a discharge chamber, equipment for monitoring and controlling the operation of the installation and measuring the characteristics of an electric discharge. To analyze the stability of the discharge, the time dependences of the voltage ripple and the discharge current were obtained. RESULTS. Experimental studies were carried out between the electrolytic cathode and the electrolytic anode at constant current and at atmospheric pressure with the following parameters: discharge voltage U = 0.1-1.5 kV, discharge current I = 0.02-2.3 A, interelectrode distance l = 100 mm , 1%, 3% and 5% solutions of sodium chloride in tap water were used as electrolytes. CONCLUSION. It is shown that electrical breakdown and ignition of a discharge that is stable in time depends on the conductivity of the gas-liquid medium of the electrolyte. The nature of the current-voltage characteristics depends on the random processes occurring in the gas-liquid medium, which is associated with numerous breakdowns occurring in the gas-liquid medium of the electrolyte, combustion and attenuation of microdischarges, the appearance of bubbles, and the movement of the electrolyte inside the dielectric tube. It is shown that the generation of hydrogen and hydrogen-containing components can occur both at the stage of electrolysis and during discharge combustion. A feature of this method is that electrical discharges in the tube increase the release of hydrogen. In this installation, inorganic and organic liquids of a certain composition and concentration can be used. The results of experimental studies made it possible to develop and create a small-sized installation for producing gaseous hydrogen. Tests have shown that a small-sized plant can be taken as the basis for a industrial plant for the production of hydrogen gas.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of electro-hydraulic pulses on the combustion process of phosphorus sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
A.K. Khassenov ◽  
◽  
U.B. Nussupbekov ◽  
D.Zh. Karabekova ◽  
S.S. Kassymov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimal Productivity ◽  
Discharge Method ◽  
Electric Discharge Method

The article considers the influence of electro-hydraulic pulses on the combustion of phosphorus sludge. Electric discharges in the environment of phosphorus sludge are sources of shock waves, which destroying the structure of phosphorus sludge and contribute to the intensification of the combustion process. A distinctive feature of the electro-hydraulic effect is the ability to control the parameters of pressure waves over a fairly wide range using the characteristics of the electric discharge circuit. For determine the optimal productivity and purity of the final product of the electric discharge unit’s operation mode, experiments were conducted on the effect of the discharge energy on the efficiency of the electric discharge method for extracting phosphorus from phosphorus sludge. The efficiency of the electric discharge process was estimated by the amount of phosphorus that was released after settling and expressed as a percentage of the total amount of phosphorus in a phosphorus sludge’s portion. The experiments were conducted out for sludges of different structures, with different phosphorus content and were conditionally divided into three groups: “rich” with phosphorus content — 70 %, “medium” — 50 % and “poor” — phosphorus content — 30 %.

Symmetry Breaking by Electric Discharges in Water and Formation of Light Magnetic Monopoles in an Extended Standard Model (Part III)

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Stumpf
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Magnetic Effects

By Lochak (theory) and Urutskoev (experiment) the hypothesis has been suggested that during electric discharges in water light magnetic monopoles can be created and according to Lochak these monopoles should be looked upon as a kind of excited neutrinos. Based on a quantum field theoretic derivation of an extended (effective) Standard Model, which describes the effects of symmetry breaking caused by the discharge, in Part I and Part II (H. Stumpf, Z. Naturforsch. 66a, 205 and 329 (2011)), the possibility was investigated whether under these circumstances magnetic effects can occur. While in the above two parts the focus of the theory was directed to show the evidence of magnetically active neutrinos, in this part the behaviour of the leptonic doublets (v, e ¯) and (v̅ , e+) is studied under the (symmetry breaking) conditions of such an electric discharge. The results obtained by the quantum field theoretic treatment of this problem are in agreement with symmetry considerations earlier performed by Lochak

scholarly journals A three-stage blumlein-circuit to generate transversely excited atmospheric nitrogen laser by using three spark gaps

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Saif B. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Laser ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Breakdown Time ◽  
High Tension ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
The One

In this research constructed N2 laser system by use developed method of electric discharge. In this method used four step of electric discharge by using four capacitors, three spark gaps, high tension power supply varying in range from 12kV to 24 kV and three resistors, this method called three stage blumlein circuit. The breakdown time delay of these parallel spark gaps cement strong ultraviolet preionization in the laser channel, thus the result of these amendments the laser output is many doubled and is more increasing than that obtained using the one and two stage blumlein circuits. This system has been designed and operated to give pulse laser with wavelength at 337.1 nm. This laser system can operate without mirrors and optical resonator. The best result of energy was about (20.2 mJ) at electrode separation (3.5 mm) with flow rate (13 L/min) and applied voltage (24 kV). With this conditions of electric discharges the pulse duration was (6.65 ns) then the peak power was (3.04 MW), the efficiency of convert the electric energy to optical energy was (0. 93%) and The divergence of laser beam at optimal condition was (0.348 mrad). The results of fabricated system indicate the output characteristics can be significantly improved by improving the discharge characteristics.

scholarly journals Gasesous combustion in electric discharges. Part VI.—The effect of diluents upon the cathodic combustion of carbonic oxide “detonating gas”

1930 ◽  
Vol 129 (811) ◽  
pp. 656-671 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Particles ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Collision Theory ◽  
Electrostatic Forces ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Oxide Ions ◽  
Charged Ions ◽  
Detonating Gas

A spectrographic examination of the cathodic combustion of carbonic oxide “detonating gas” has shown that carbonic oxide ions are not formed in either the cathode or interelectrode zones under the conditions of our experiments (V). This fact proves that carbonic oxide molecules can be burnt cathodically without being ionised. The observed acceleration of the rate of cathodic combustion of “detonating gas” by steam and/or metal particles cannot, therefore, be attributed to the overcoming of the electrostatic forces of repulsion existing between similarly charged ions (III and IV). The present investigation was originally undertaken with the object of submitting certain of our earlier views to the test of experiment. During its prosecution, however, Prof. S. Chapman, F. R. S., suggested to us that considerations arising out of the three-body collision theory might lead to a satisfactory explanation of the mechanism of the combustion of “detonating gas”; and since then the investigation has been considerably extended in order to enquire more closely into the precise nature of the rôle or rôle played by such promoters of cathodic combustion as metal atoms and steam molecules.

scholarly journals Attempts to produce the rare gases by electric discharge

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (621) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Vacuum Tubes

The object of the present investigation was to obtain some further evidence on the apparent production of neon and helium by electric discharges in vacuum tubes, which has been described by Collie and Patterson. Strutt has recently attempted to repeat these experiments, using methods somewhat different to those of Collie and Patterson, with negative results.

scholarly journals Anomalous transport of electrons in an electric discharge with transverse magnetic field

2021 ◽  
Vol 2056 (1) ◽  
pp. 012050
Author(s):  
K P Kirdyashev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Transverse Magnetic ◽  
Turbulent Plasma ◽  
Electric Discharges ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract The experimental data showing the relationship of excitation of microwave oscillations with abnormally transport of electrons across the magnetic field in turbulent plasma are presented. The mechanism of the formation of the discharge current due to scattering of drift electrons in the near-electrode layers of the electric discharges on microwave oscillations has been substantiated. The conditions for the manifestation of the turbulent mechanism of anomalous electron transport through the magnetic barrier at the boundary of the toroidal electric discharge have been studied most fully. The mobility of electrons across a magnetic field is one of the main parameters of electric discharges that use crossed electric and magnetic fields for technological purposes.

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