The mechanical properties of copper zinc and aluminium tested in compression

1972 ◽  
Vol 327 (1568) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Gas Gun ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
Wave Induced

The mechanical behaviour of some metals has been investigated experimentally for compressive loading cycles of approximately 100 and 370 μs duration and for steady-state compressive loading. For the dynamic measurements the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique has been used in which cylindrical specimens are sandwiched between two rods and deformed under the action of a compressive stress wave induced by impacting the free end of one of the rods with a projectile launched by a light gas gun. The experimental results show that for the available range of strain rates the stress-strain curve is independent of strain rate. These results are compared with the mechanical behaviour predicted by a particular form of nonlinear mechanical equation of state.

Can a three-dimensional composite really provide better mechanical performance compared to two-dimensional composite under compressive loading?

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tarfaoui ◽  
M Nachtane
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar

A series of split Hopkinson pressure bar tests on two-dimensional and three-dimensional woven composites were presented in order to obtain a reliable comparison between the two types of composites and the effect of the z-yarns along the third direction. These tests were done along different configurations: in-plane and out-of-plane compression test. For the three-dimensional woven composite, two different configurations were studied: compression responses along to the stitched direction and orthogonal to the stitched direction. It was found that three-dimensional woven composites exhibit an increase in strength for both: in-plane and out-of-plane tests.

Dynamic Deformation Behavior of Rubber under High Strain Rate Compressive Loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1415-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouk Sub Lee ◽  
Myun Soo Kim ◽  
Kyoung Joon Kim ◽  
Si Won Hwang ◽  
Kyu Sang Cho
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Dynamic Deformation ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Dynamic Deformation Behavior ◽  
Pressure Bar

A specific experimental method, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique is used to determine the dynamic material properties under the impact compressive loading condition with strain-rate of the order of 103/s~104/s. The dynamic deformation behavior of rubber materials widely used for the isolation of vibration from varying structures under dynamic loading is determined by using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar technique. The relationships between the stresses at transition points of rubber materials and the strain rate are found to be bilinear. However, an interesting relationship between the strains at transition points of rubber materials and the strain rate, which needs further investigation, is noted.

Wave Propagation in the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Follansbee ◽  
C. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Elastic Wave ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Elastic Wave Propagation ◽  
Mathematical Treatment ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar

Elastic wave propagation in the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) is discussed with an emphasis on the origin and nature of the oscillations that often trail the leading edge of the pressure wave. We show that in the conditions of the SHPB test the pressure bars vibrate in the fundamental mode and that elastic wave propagation can be fully described mathematically. Excellent agreement is found between experimental results and predictions of the mathematical treatment. This suggests that dispersion effects in the pressure bars can be removed from the strain gage records, which reduces the magnitude of the oscillations in the resulting stress strain curve.

Dispersion Investigation in the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Gong ◽  
L. E. Malvern ◽  
D. A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Fourier Series Expansion ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Mode Vibration ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
Good Agreement

Dispersion of an elastic wave propagating in a 76.2-mm-diameter (3 in.) Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system was investigated with two consecutive pulses recorded in the transmitter bar. Assuming that the dispersive high frequency oscillatory components riding on the top of the main pulse originate from the first mode vibration, the dispersion was corrected by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Fourier series expansion numerical schemes. The good agreement validates the assumption that only the first mode was significant. The dispersion correction technique was employed in a test of a concrete specimen having the same diameter as that of the SHPB. Better agreement of the two specimen-bar interface stresses versus time and fewer oscillations in the stress-strain curve demonstrated advantages of the application of dispersion corrections.

Numerical Simulation of Double Specimens in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Testing

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2483-2486
Author(s):  
Muhammad Agus Kariem ◽  
John H. Beynon ◽  
Dong Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Specimen Test ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) is the most commonly used technique to characterize the dynamic behaviour of materials at very high strain rates. However, a classic single specimen test only generates a single stress-strain curve at the average strain rate of the test. This paper proposes three arrangements on the use of double specimens in SHPB compression testing. All waves propagating along the bars have been used to analyse the dynamic behaviour of the specimens. To simulate the test and predict its dynamic performance, an axisymmetric finite element analysis using LS-DYNA was conducted for the experiment using 13 mm bar diameter. The validity of the simulations was checked with experimental data from normal SHPB testing. Based on the simulations, the modified techniques are achievable and at least two stress-strain curves of materials can be extracted without violating the requirement of a valid SHPB test.

scholarly journals Dynamic High Strain Rate Characterization of Lithium-Ion Nickel–Cobalt–Aluminum (NCA) Battery Using Split Hopkinson Tensile/Pressure Bar Methodology

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5061
Author(s):  
Hafiz Fadillah ◽  
Sigit Puji Santosa ◽  
Leonardo Gunawan ◽  
Akbar Afdhal ◽  
Agus Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar

The dynamic behavior of the lithium-ion battery is evaluated by simulating the full battery system and each corresponding component, including the jellyroll and thin-foil electrodes. The thin-foil electrodes were evaluated using a novel design of split Hopkinson tensile bar (SHTB), while the jellyroll was evaluated using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). A new stacking method was employed to strengthen the stress wave signal of the thin-foil electrodes in the SHTB simulation. The characteristic of the stress–strain curve should remain the same regardless of the amount of stacking. The jellyroll dynamic properties were characterized by using the SHPB method. The jellyroll was modeled with Fu-Chang foam and modified crushable foam and compared with experimental results at the loading speeds of 20 and 30 m/s. The dynamic behavior compared very well when it was modeled with Fu-Chang foam. These studies show that the dynamic characterization of Li-ion battery components can be evaluated using tensile loading of stacked layers of thin foil aluminum and copper with SHTB methodology as well as the compressive loading of jellyroll using SHPB methodology. Finally, the dynamic performance of the full system battery can be simulated by using the dynamic properties of each component, which were evaluated using the SHTB and SHPB methodologies.

A Numerical Verification of the Reliability of a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar with a Total Bar Length of 3 m and a Diameter of 1 Inch

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Ho Shin ◽  
Ho Yun Lee ◽  
Jong Bong Kim ◽  
Yo Han Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiment ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Hopkinson Bar ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar

A short split Hopkinson bar system with a total bar length of 3 m (a 2 m input bar plus a 1 m output bar), a striker length of 254 mm, and a diameter of 25.4 mm, is designed. Through numerical experiments, the stress vs. strain curve and the rate vs. strain curve of the specimen are obtained from the bar signals. These measured curves are reasonably consistent with the input stress-strain curve of the specimen for the numerical experiment and the prediction by the recently reported rate equation, respectively, verifying the reliability of the designed SHPB system.

Dynamic Compressive Performance of Concrete Exposed to High Temperature Based on Microstructure Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 1389-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao Wei Yang ◽  
Zhi Guo Liu ◽  
Yong Wei Wang ◽  
Zi Rui Liu ◽  
Heng Jing Ba
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Mechanics Performance ◽  
Compressive Performance ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
Gauge Measurement

Combined with strain gauge measurement method, the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar was adopted to investigate the behavior of normal concrete and steel fiber reinforcement concrete exposed to 400°C and 800°C under axial impact compressive loading. The experimental results show that compared with normal temperature, the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of normal concrete exposed to 400°C and 800°C decrease obviously. The transformation of concrete exposed to high temperature in microstructure is analyzed by SEM. The influence of high temperature on macro mechanics performance is discussed.

A Study on Reduction of Friction in Impact Compressive Test Based on the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Method by Using a Hollow Specimen

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko Kii ◽  
Takeshi Iwamoto ◽  
Alexis Rusinek ◽  
Tomasz Jankowiak
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Compressive Test ◽  
Friction Effect ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar ◽  
The Impact

The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) technique is widely-used to describe the impact compressive behavior of different materials including metals. During the impact test, the specimen deforms in a wide range of impact strain rate from 102 to 104 s-1. It is a reason why the method is studied for many years even though the structure of the apparatus based on the SHPB is simple. Actually, the cylindrical specimens are widely used for a compressive test and it is clearly seen that stress measured by the test includes the increment of stress (an error) derived by friction effect between a specimen and pressure bars. Therefore, it is important that the measured stress should indicate similar value as the proper stress of the material by reducing friction effect during not only quasi-static but also the impact test. Various attempts to reduce a friction effect in past have been conducted. A method to reduce friction effect is in general a use of lubricants. However, it is ineffective because it can be considered that this method contributes to an attenuation of the stress wave for obtaining the stress-strain curve under impact loading. Thus, rise time of waves obtained by the experiment becomes longer compared with a case not to use lubricants. Recently, a study can be found using a ring specimen, however, the determined thickness of the specimen is quite thin and it can be considered that a buckling effect cannot be vanished. In this study, a use of hollow specimen is suggested to solve the problem related to reduce the friction effect by decreasing a contact area between a specimen and pressure bars instead of a cylindrical specimen. The compressive experiments at various strain rates are conducted by using a hollow specimen.

scholarly journals Using the split Hopkinson pressure bar to validate material models

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2023) ◽  
pp. 20130294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Church ◽  
Rory Cornish ◽  
Ian Cullis ◽  
Peter Gould ◽  
Ian Lewtas
Keyword(s):  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Material Model ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Split Hopkinson ◽  
Pressure Bar

This paper gives a discussion of the use of the split-Hopkinson bar with particular reference to the requirements of materials modelling at QinetiQ. This is to deploy validated material models for numerical simulations that are physically based and have as little characterization overhead as possible. In order to have confidence that the models have a wide range of applicability, this means, at most, characterizing the models at low rate and then validating them at high rate. The split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) is ideal for this purpose. It is also a very useful tool for analysing material behaviour under non-shock wave loading. This means understanding the output of the test and developing techniques for reliable comparison of simulations with SHPB data. For materials other than metals comparison with an output stress v strain curve is not sufficient as the assumptions built into the classical analysis are generally violated. The method described in this paper compares the simulations with as much validation data as can be derived from deployed instrumentation including the raw strain gauge data on the input and output bars, which avoids any assumptions about stress equilibrium. One has to take into account Pochhammer–Chree oscillations and their effect on the specimen and recognize that this is itself also a valuable validation test of the material model.

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