The wave structure of monochromatic electromagnetic radiation

1987 ◽  
Vol 409 (1836) ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Singularity Index ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
General Field ◽  
Structurally Stable

The paper considers a general field of electromagnetic waves of a single frequency and identifies the salient structurally stable features of the three-dimensional pattern of polarization. The approach is geometrical rather than analytical, and it differs from previous treatments of this kind by being applicable even when the constituent plane waves are travelling in all directions. Lines and surfaces exist where the electric or magnetic vibration ellipse is singular. The field is divided into right-handed and left-handed regions by ‘T surfaces’ , the electric and magnetic T surfaces not being coincident. Lying in the T surfaces are ‘L T lines’ where the vibration is linear, and cutting through the T surfaces are ‘C T lines’ where the vibration is circular. Both kinds of lines are surrounded by characteristic patterns of vibration ellipses, which provide a singularity index, ± 1 for L T and ± ½ for C T . The analysis is applicable in a cavity, but a loss-free resonating cavity represents a highly degenerate case.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic radiation of oscillating thin films

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Kharlanov
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Dimensional Cell

This paper deals with the electromagnetic fields generated by charges moving with the membrane. The numerical simulation of electromagnetic radiation of oscillating three-dimensional cell it is carried out. The issues of cell group radiation are also considered. Dependences of the field on distance and time are presented. A hypothesis about possible exchange of information between cells by means of electromagnetic waves is made.

Effects of Clothing Structural Factors on Electromagnetic Radiation Protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
Li Li Zhang ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Xiao Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Protective Performance ◽  
The Impact

With people's increasing awareness of safety and health, the demands of protective clothing for electromagnetic radiation are gradually increased. The influences of clothing structural factors on protective performance for electromagnetic radiation are studied in this paper. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of fabrics has been tested according to the SJ20524-1995 standard. Meanwhile, according to the measured conditions of fabrics, a simulation model of testing fabric is established by the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software Ansoft HFSS to simulate the influences of clothing structural factors on the electromagnetic protective performance under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves at different frequencies. The impact of the length of clothing seams, the size and shape of clothing openings, and the change of clothing layers on the electromagnetic protective performance have been simulated and analyzed in detail. The results show that the simulation results are basically identical with the actual measurement results, and the model of testing fabrics can be applied for the researches on the protective performance for electromagnetic radiation. The study also shows that both seams and openings of clothing will reduce the shielding ability of clothing to electromagnetic radiation, and the change of clothing layers also affects the electromagnetic protective performance of clothing greatly. The results of this article can provide references for the design of electromagnetic shielding clothing, and effectively reduce the adverse effects of clothing structural factors on the protective performance of clothing.

Propagation and Reflection of Plane Waves in a Rotating Magneto-Elastic Fibre-Reinforced Semi Space with Surface Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-958
Author(s):  
Indrajit Roy ◽  
D. P. Acharya ◽  
Sourav Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Surface Stress ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Fibre ◽  
Amplitude Ratios ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Rotation Surface ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Magnetic Field Rotation

AbstractThe present paper investigates the propagation of quasi longitudinal (qLD) and quasi transverse (qTD) waves in a magneto elastic fibre-reinforced rotating semi-infinite medium. Reflections of waves from the flat boundary with surface stress have been studied in details. The governing equations have been used to obtain the polynomial characteristic equation from which qLD and qTD wave velocities are found. It is observed that both the wave velocities depend upon the incident angle. After imposing the appropriate boundary conditions including surface stress the resultant amplitude ratios for the total displacements have been obtained. Numerically simulated results have been depicted graphically by displaying two and three dimensional graphs to highlight the influence of magnetic field, rotation, surface stress and fibre-reinforcing nature of the material medium on the propagation and reflection of plane waves.

Electromagnetic waves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Deruelle ◽  
Jean-Philippe Uzan
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Maxwell Equations ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Particle Detection ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
A Charge

This chapter examines solutions to the Maxwell equations in a vacuum: monochromatic plane waves and their polarizations, plane waves, and the motion of a charge in the field of a wave (which is the principle upon which particle detection is based). A plane wave is a solution of the vacuum Maxwell equations which depends on only one of the Cartesian spatial coordinates. The monochromatic plane waves form a basis (in the sense of distributions, because they are not square-integrable) in which any solution of the vacuum Maxwell equations can be expanded. The chapter concludes by giving the conditions for the geometrical optics limit. It also establishes the connection between electromagnetic waves and the kinematic description of light discussed in Book 1.

A new model for packing of type-I collagen molecules in the native fibril

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. Piez ◽  
Benes L. Trus
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Type I ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Crystal Model ◽  
Collagen Molecules

A specific fibril model is presented consisting of bundles of five-stranded microfibrils, which are usually disordered (except axially) but under lateral compression become ordered. The features are as follows (where D = 234 residues or 67 nm): (1) D-staggered collagen molecules 4.5 D long in the helical microfibril have a left-handed supercoil with a pitch of 400–700 residues, but microfibrils need not have helical symmetry. (2) Straight-tilted 0.5-D overlap regions on a near-hexagonal lattice contribute the discrete x-ray diffraction reflections arising from lateral order, while the gap regions remain disordered. (3) The overlap regions are equivalent, but are crystallographically distinguished by systematic displacements from the near-hexagonal lattice. (4) The unit cell is the same as in a recently proposed three-dimensional crystal model, and calculated intensities in the equatorial region of the x-ray diffraction pattern agree with observed values.

Manufacturing Metamaterials Using Synchrotron Lithography

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 230-239
Author(s):  
Herbert O. Moser ◽  
Linke Jian ◽  
Shenbaga M.P. Kalaiselvi ◽  
Selven Virasawmy ◽  
Sivakumar M. Maniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pattern Generation ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Primary Pattern

The function of metamaterials relies on their resonant response to electromagnetic waves in characteristic spectral bands. To make metamaterials homogeneous, the size of the basic resonant element should be less than 10% of the wavelength. For the THz range up to the visible, structure details of 50 nm to 30 μm are required as are high aspect ratios, tall heights, and large areas. For such specifications, lithography, in particular, synchrotron radiation deep X-ray lithography, is the method of choice. X-ray masks are made via primary pattern generation by means of electron or laser writing. Several different X-ray masks and accurate mask-substrate alignment are necessary for architectures requiring multi-level lithography. Lithography is commonly followed by electroplating of metallic replica. The process can also yield mould inserts for cost-effective manufacture by plastic moulding. We made metamaterials based on rod-split-rings, split-cylinders, S-string bi-layer chips, and S-string meta-foils. Left-handed resonance bands range from 2.4 to 216 THz. Latest is the all-metal self-supported flexible meta-foil with pass-bands of 45% up to 70% transmission at 3.4 to 4.5 THz depending on geometrical parameters.

Designing One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Left-Handed Materials

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-1-17-18
Author(s):  
Maria Kafesaki ◽  
Th. Koschny ◽  
C. M. Soukoulis ◽  
E. N. Economou
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Left Handed
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