scholarly journals The controlled synthesis of complex hollow nanostructures and prospective applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 475 (2224) ◽  
pp. 20180677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia F. Soares ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva ◽  
Tito Trindade
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Solid Matter ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hollow Nanostructures ◽  
Shape Of Particles

Functionality in nanoengineered materials has been usually explored on structural and chemical compositional aspects of matter that exist in such solid materials. It is well known that the absence of solid matter is also relevant and the existence of voids confined in the nanostructure of certain particles is no exception. Indeed, over the past decades, there has been great interest in exploring hollow nanostructured materials that besides the properties recognized in the dense particles also provide empty spaces, in the sense of condensed matter absence, as an additional functionality to be explored. As such, the chemical synthesis of hollow nanostructures has been driven not only for tailoring the size and shape of particles with well-defined chemical composition, but also to achieve control on the type of hollowness that characterize such materials. This review describes the state of the art on late developments concerning the chemical synthesis of hollow nanostructures, providing a number of examples of materials obtained by distinct strategies. It will be apparent by reading this progress report that the absence of solid matter determines the functionality of hollow nanomaterials for several technological applications.

Enantioselective Syntheses of Yohimbine Alkaloids: Proving Grounds for New Catalytic Transformations

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl A. Scheidt ◽  
Eric R Miller
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Catalytic Transformations ◽  
Bond Forming ◽  
The Past ◽  
Catalytic Asymmetric ◽  
Enantioselective Syntheses

The total synthesis of bioactive alkaloids is an enduring challenge and an indication of the state of the art of chemical synthesis. With the explosion of catalytic asymmetric methods over the past three decades, these compelling targets have been fertile proving grounds for enantioselective bond forming transformations. We summarize these activities herein both to highlight the power and versatility of these methods and to instill future inspiration for new syntheses of these privileged natural products.

A Review on Synthetic Approaches to Hollow Nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiyong Zhu ◽  
Yikun Cheng ◽  
Qiao Luo ◽  
Mohammad Yaseen El-khateeb ◽  
Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Functional Materials ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hollow Nanostructures ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

During the past decades, hollow nanostructures have been developed as a vital class of functional materials in various areas owing to their advantageous characteristics over solid materials. To date, many...

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Biological Production of (S)-acetoin: A State-of-the-Art Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 2348-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neng-Zhong Xie ◽  
Jian-Xiu Li ◽  
Ri-Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chiral Compound ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Acetoin Production ◽  
Made In

Acetoin is an important four-carbon compound that has many applications in foods, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, cigarettes, soaps, and detergents. Its stereoisomer (S)-acetoin, a high-value chiral compound, can also be used to synthesize optically active drugs, which could enhance targeting properties and reduce side effects. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the development of biotechnological routes for (S)-acetoin production. In this review, various strategies for biological (S)- acetoin production are summarized, and their constraints and possible solutions are described. Furthermore, future prospects of biological production of (S)-acetoin are discussed.

Integrability: From Statistical Systems to Gauge Theory

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Summer School ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
Background Material ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge ◽  
Statistical Systems

This volume contains lectures delivered at the Les Houches Summer School ‘Integrability: from statistical systems to gauge theory’ held in June 2016. The School was focussed on applications of integrability to supersymmetric gauge and string theory, a subject of high and increasing interest in the mathematical and theoretical physics communities over the past decade. Relevant background material was also covered, with lecture series introducing the main concepts and techniques relevant to modern approaches to integrability, conformal field theory, scattering amplitudes, and gauge/string duality. The book will be useful not only to those working directly on integrablility in string and guage theories, but also to researchers in related areas of condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics.

scholarly journals Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhu ◽  
Zhiyang Chen ◽  
Weiyan Shen ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
John M. Sedivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Remarkable Progress

AbstractRemarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.

scholarly journals Security assurance cases—state of the art of an emerging approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen Mohamad ◽  
Jan-Philipp Steghöfer ◽  
Riccardo Scandariato
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tool Support ◽  
Security Assurance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Structured Argumentation ◽  
Security Properties ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Assurance Cases ◽  
Security Standards

AbstractSecurity Assurance Cases (SAC) are a form of structured argumentation used to reason about the security properties of a system. After the successful adoption of assurance cases for safety, SAC are getting significant traction in recent years, especially in safety-critical industries (e.g., automotive), where there is an increasing pressure to be compliant with several security standards and regulations. Accordingly, research in the field of SAC has flourished in the past decade, with different approaches being investigated. In an effort to systematize this active field of research, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of the existing academic studies on SAC. Our review resulted in an in-depth analysis and comparison of 51 papers. Our results indicate that, while there are numerous papers discussing the importance of SAC and their usage scenarios, the literature is still immature with respect to concrete support for practitioners on how to build and maintain a SAC. More importantly, even though some methodologies are available, their validation and tool support is still lacking.

scholarly journals The state of the art in soybean transcriptomics resources and gene coexpression networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabricio Almeida-Silva ◽  
Kanhu C Moharana ◽  
Thiago M Venancio
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Gene Coexpression Network ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Gene Coexpression ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Public Repositories ◽  
Coexpression Networks

Abstract In the past decade, over 3000 samples of soybean transcriptomic data have accumulated in public repositories. Here, we review the state of the art in soybean transcriptomics, highlighting the major microarray and RNA-seq studies that investigated soybean transcriptional programs in different tissues and conditions. Further, we propose approaches for integrating such big data using gene coexpression network and outline important web resources that may facilitate soybean data acquisition and analysis, contributing to the acceleration of soybean breeding and functional genomics research.

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