scholarly journals Spreading free-riding snow sports represent a novel serious threat for wildlife

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1614) ◽  
pp. 1219-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Arlettaz ◽  
Patrick Patthey ◽  
Marjana Baltic ◽  
Thomas Leu ◽  
Michael Schaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Snow Sports

Stress generated by humans on wildlife by continuous development of outdoor recreational activities is of increasing concern for biodiversity conservation. Human disturbance often adds to other negative impact factors affecting the dynamics of vulnerable populations. It is not known to which extent the rapidly spreading free-riding snow sports actually elicit detrimental stress (allostatic overload) upon wildlife, nor what the potential associated fitness and survival costs are. Using a non-invasive technique, we evaluated the physiological stress response induced by free-riding snow sports on a declining bird species of Alpine ecosystems. The results of a field experiment in which radiomonitored black grouse ( Tetrao tetrix ) were actively flushed from their snow burrows once a day during four consecutive days showed an increase in the concentration of faecal stress hormone (corticosterone) metabolites after disturbance. A large-scale comparative analysis across the southwestern Swiss Alps indicated that birds had higher levels of these metabolites in human-disturbed versus undisturbed habitats. Disturbance by snow sport free-riders appears to elevate stress, which potentially represents a new serious threat for wildlife. The fitness and survival costs of allostatic adjustments have yet to be estimated.

scholarly journals Intention To Buy Air Ticket Online Of Vietnamese Consumers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nam Khanh Giao ◽  
Huynh Quoc Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Perceived Benefit

The study aimed to identify and measure the factors affecting the intention to buy air ticket online in Vietnam by surveying 331 consumers aged 18 and over who bought air ticket online. The SPSS 20 tool was used to analyze the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, EFA exploratory factor analysis, and linear regression analysis. Research results show that positive impact factors, decreasing by their strength, include: Perceived Benefit, Reliability, Reputation, Subjective Norm, Perceived Ease of Use. Meanwhile, Perceived Risk has a negative impact on the intention to buy air ticket of consumers. The results also help managers recognize the importance of the factors that affect the buying behavior of the consumers, and consequently make appropriate strategic adjustments and actions in the competitive process for air ticket online presently.

scholarly journals Intention To Buy Air Ticket Online of Vietnamese Consumers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nam Khanh Giao ◽  
Huynh Quoc Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Perceived Benefit

The study aimed to identify and measure the factors affecting the intention to buy air ticket online in Vietnam by surveying 331 consumers aged 18 and over who bought air ticket online. The SPSS 20 tool was used to analyze the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, EFA exploratory factor analysis, and linear regression analysis. Research results show that positive impact factors, decreasing by their strength, include: Perceived Benefit, Reliability, Reputation, Subjective Norm, Perceived Ease of Use. Meanwhile, Perceived Risk has a negative impact on the intention to buy air ticket of consumers. The results also help managers recognize the importance of the factors that affect the buying behavior of the consumers, and consequently make appropriate strategic adjustments and actions in the competitive process for air ticket online presently.

Decision to purchase online airline tickets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Nam Khanh Giao
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Airline Tickets

The study aimed to identify and measure the factors affecting the decision to purchase online airline tickets in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (HCMC) by surveying 536 customers aged 18 and over who bought airline tickets online and live in Ho Chi Minh City. The SPSS 20 tool was used to analyze the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, EFA exploratory factor analysis, AMOS 22 software to calibrate the scale by CFA confirmatory factor analysis, and evaluated by linear SEM analysis. Research results show that positive impact factors, decreasing by their strength, include: Perceived benefit, Perceived ease of use, Reputation of the airline, Subjective norm, Reliability. Meanwhile, Risk perception has a negative impact on the intention to buy airline tickets of customers. Research also indicates that the intention to purchase airline tickets online has an impact on purchase decisions. The results also help managers recognize the importance of the factors that affect the buying behavior of the consumers, and consequently make appropriate strategic adjustments and actions in the competitive process for online airline tickets presently.

scholarly journals Eradication of the mongoose is crucial for the conservation of three endemic bird species in Yambaru, Okinawa Island, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Yagihashi ◽  
Shin-Ichi Seki ◽  
Tomoki Nakaya ◽  
Katsushi Nakata ◽  
Nobuhiko Kotaka
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Generalized Additive Mixed Model ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Small Indian Mongoose

AbstractOkinawa Island, Japan, is a globally important biodiversity hotspot. Three endemic bird species, Okinawa rail (Hypotaenidia okinawae), Okinawa woodpecker (Dendrocopos noguchii), and Okinawa robin (Larvivora namiyei), are found only in the Yambaru region of the northern part of Okinawa Island. In order to conserve endemic species, it is important to determine the effect of alien species on endemic species. We conducted playback surveys four times every three years from 2007 to 2016 to evaluate the recent distribution of these three forest-dwelling bird species during the breeding season. Then, the association between the numbers of detections of these three species with the invasive mongoose density and the hardwood forest area was evaluated with a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM). The results showed that the distribution areas of these bird species have been recovering since the 2007 within the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata) controlled area. The GAMM results showed that these bird species were abundant in areas with fewer small Indian mongooses and larger areas of hardwood forests. Thus, the mongoose had a negative impact not only on the flightless rails but also on the woodpeckers and the robins. In recent years, most of the old-growth forests have been designated as protected forests, and large-scale logging is no longer taking place in Yambaru. Eradication of the mongoose is particularly important for the conservation of these three endemic bird species.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF CA DONG PEOPLE IN RESETTLEMENT AREA OF TRANH RIVER HYDROPOWER NUMBER 2: CURRENT SITUATION AND IMPACT FACTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bùi Thị Bích Lan
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Role Of The State

In Vietnam, the construction of hydropower projects has contributed significantly in the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country. The place where hydropower projects are built is mostly inhabited by ethnic minorities - communities that rely primarily on land, a very important source of livelihood security. In the context of the lack of common productive land in resettlement areas, the orientation for agricultural production is to promote indigenous knowledge combined with increasing scientific and technical application; shifting from small-scale production practices to large-scale commodity production. However, the research results of this article show that many obstacles in the transition process are being posed such as limitations on natural resources, traditional production thinking or the suitability and effectiveness of scientific - technical application models. When agricultural production does not ensure food security, a number of implications for people’s lives are increasingly evident, such as poverty, preserving cultural identity, social relations and resource protection. Since then, it has set the role of the State in researching and building appropriate agricultural production models to exploit local strengths and ensure sustainability.

EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenevna Mashyanova ◽  
Elena Aleksandrovna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global Financial System

In modern conditions of development, financial security is an integral part of the overall security of the region and is formed on the basis of the functioning of the financial system. The complication of relationships between key segments of international financial markets, as well as the limited ability to accurately predict future trends in the development of the global financial system, lead to a gradual increase in the risks that accompany the activities of economic entities, and an increase in the number and scale of internal and external threats that have a negative impact on the financial security of the state. This formulation of the issue requires generalization of approaches to determining the financial security of the region in order to further formalize this issue and determine the key factors affecting it. The article considers the types of financial security, as well as certain areas of ensuring the financial security of the region and their priority. In work the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the region with a view to ensuring financial security on the basis of which offers the main activities and priority areas of implementation of the investment policy that will ensure financial security of the Republic of Crimea.

Accidental Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Whole Foods

This chapter examines the scaling and diffusion of green entrepreneurship between 1980 and the present. It explores how entrepreneurs and business leaders promoted the idea that business and sustainability were compatible. It then examines the rapid growth of organic foods, natural beauty, ecological architecture, and eco-tourism. Green firms sometimes grew to a large scale, such as the retailer Whole Foods Market in the United States. The chapter explores how greater mainstreaming of these businesses resulted in a new set of challenges arising from scaling. Organic food was now transported across large distances causing a negative impact on carbon emissions. More eco-tourism resulted in more air travel and bigger airports. In other industries scaling had a more positive impact. Towns were major polluters, so more ecological buildings had a positive impact.

scholarly journals Do Agricultural Machinery Services Facilitate Land Transfer? Evidence from Rice Farmers in Sichuan Province, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Xi Yu ◽  
Xiyang Yin ◽  
Yuying Liu ◽  
Dongmei Li
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
Land Rental ◽  
Rental Markets ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural machinery services play an increasingly important role in the land transfer market, especially in developing countries. Prior studies have explored the impact factors of machinery use on agricultural production and land transfer, respectively. However, little research has focused on the relationship between the adoption of agricultural machinery services and the land transfer of rice farmers. To bridge this gap, this study investigated the correlation between machinery services and land transfer, using unique survey data of 810 rice farmers collected from Sichuan province in China. Additionally, this study further explored the impact mechanism on land transfer of rural households with IV-Probit and IV-Tobit models. The empirical results show the following: (i) Agricultural machinery services have a significantly positive and robust effect on both the incidence and area of rice farmers’ land transfer-in, while the impact degree is different. Specifically, with other conditions remaining unchanged, and with a 1% increase in the proportion of machinery services, the average probability of land transfer-in of rice farmers increased by 2.4%, and the area of land transfer-in increased by 13.4 mu, on average. (ii) For control variables, head education, agricultural certificates and whether the majority of land, are in a flat area have positive impacts on land transfer-in behavior. Yet, age and off-farm labor have a negative impact on land transfer-in area. Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of agricultural machinery services in stimulating the development of rural land rental markets.

scholarly journals Prevalence and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites in wild bird species of the order Columbiformes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne R. Schumm ◽  
Dimitris Bakaloudis ◽  
Christos Barboutis ◽  
Jacopo G. Cecere ◽  
Cyril Eraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
And Migration

AbstractDiseases can play a role in species decline. Among them, haemosporidian parasites, vector-transmitted protozoan parasites, are known to constitute a risk for different avian species. However, the magnitude of haemosporidian infection in wild columbiform birds, including strongly decreasing European turtle doves, is largely unknown. We examined the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and subgenera Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus in six species of the order Columbiformes during breeding season and migration by applying nested PCR, one-step multiplex PCR assay and microscopy. We detected infections in 109 of the 259 screened individuals (42%), including 15 distinct haemosporidian mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages, representing five H. (Haemoproteus), two H. (Parahaemoproteus), five Leucocytozoon and three Plasmodium lineages. Five of these lineages have never been described before. We discriminated between single and mixed infections and determined host species-specific prevalence for each parasite genus. Observed differences among sampled host species are discussed with reference to behavioural characteristics, including nesting and migration strategy. Our results support previous suggestions that migratory birds have a higher prevalence and diversity of blood parasites than resident or short-distance migratory species. A phylogenetic reconstruction provided evidence for H. (Haemoproteus) as well as H. (Parahaemoproteus) infections in columbiform birds. Based on microscopic examination, we quantified parasitemia, indicating the probability of negative effects on the host. This study provides a large-scale baseline description of haemosporidian infections of wild birds belonging to the order Columbiformes sampled in the northern hemisphere. The results enable the monitoring of future changes in parasite transmission areas, distribution and diversity associated with global change, posing a potential risk for declining avian species as the European turtle dove.

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