Kajian Dugaan Praktik Kartel PT Garuda Indonesia, Tbk Mempengaruhi Pergerakan Harga Saham di BEI

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the alleged cartel practices carried out by the airline PT Garuda Indonesia, Tbk, namely by the increasingly high price of airline tickets and how their impact on the stock price movement itself. This practice is not permitted in Indonesia and almost all countries in the world, but this becomes very dilemmatic in the current aviation business if the ticket price is not raised the company will bear substantial losses but on the other hand consumers are very disadvantaged and can sacrifice the country's economy if countries that depend heavily on air transportation such as Indonesia. Considering that PT Garuda Indonesia, Tbk is a state-owned company of the Republic of Indonesia which has been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange under the GIAA stock code, whether news of alleged cartel practices by GIAA could affect the public investors in the capital market in making a decision to make a selling or buying transaction on GIAA shares.Keywords: cartel practices, garuda indonesia, capital markets

Cartel Performed By Airlines (Study of Kppu's Decision Number: 15/Kppu-I/2019)

The case regarding the cartel contained in the KPPU's Decision Number: 15/KPPU-I/2019 which was carried out jointly by PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero), Tbk, PT Citilink Indonesia, PT Sriwijaya Air, PT NAM Air, PT Batik Air, PT Lion Mentari, and PT Wings Abadi. The Reported Parties are alleged to have violated the provisions of Article 5 and Article 11 of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition by increasing the price of airline tickets. The data collection technique in this research is using the library research method. While the analysis technique carried out on the legal materials that have been collected by the author will be done deductively. The results of the study indicate that KPPU is only an administrative institution, so that KPPU can only impose administrative sanctions and is not authorized to impose criminal sanctions or civil sanctions. The KPPU Assembly has also decided that the business actors are guilty, but the KPPU Assembly has not imposed any sanctions on the mistakes of the business actors. The absence of sanctions imposed on cartel actors can make the perpetrators repeat their actions and in this case consumers will be harmed again.

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF APPLYING BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY AT AIRPORTS

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has attracted more attention and highlighted the value of public health as well as the need for safe travel. When it comes to the tourism industry affected by the pandemic, the current global situation requires market transformation and innovation in the function of renewing tourist travel. Blockchain technologies in air transport are directing their business solutions towards the most promising opportunities and possibilities of application of this modern technology, now with a focus on overcoming the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on business in the tourism industry. Blockchain-based applications have the potential to improve the user experience in the process of tracking luggage and goods, tracking the health of passengers, managing digital currency for the purchase of airline tickets, passenger identity management, loyalty programs, and more. Blockchain technology has already found application in financial management, storage and management of our personal data and information through a chain that is interconnected in time as a distributed book that records transactions between the parties involved, securely and permanently. This paper aims to present the possibilities of Blockchain technology and contribute to raising awareness of the great potential of application in the business of the airport within the tourism industry.

The Simple Economics of Wholesale Price-Parity Agreements: The Case of the Airline Tickets Distribution Industry*

This paper clarifies the differences between retail and wholesale price-parity agreements in vertical industries. In contrast to traditional wide and narrow retail price-parity arrangements, the competitive effects of wholesale price-parity depend on the complexity of the vertical supply chain, the business model operated by sellers and distributors, and the strength of competition between direct and indirect distribution channels. While retail price-parity agreements are almost always anticompetitive, wholesale price-parity agreements may positively affect consumer welfare when direct and indirect distribution channels are close substitutes. To demonstrate the relevance of our analysis for competition policy, we illustrate our findings by referring to an industry that has recently attracted policy and regulatory interest on both sides of the Atlantic: the airline ticket distribution industry. We find that, in this industry, while wholesale price-parity agreements always harm airlines, Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) have preferences more aligned with consumers: when consumers benefit from these provisions, GDSs benefit too. JEL: K21, L13, L40

The effect of novel coronavirus pandemic on tourism share prices

Purpose This paper aims to provide swift feedback to readers and investors on the early effect of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak on tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach Three leading consolidators of hotel accommodations, airline tickets and travel services in the tourism industry around the globe, namely, Booking Holdings Inc., Expedia Group and Trip.com Group Ltd. are chosen in this study. First, numerical description is performed on their shares prices and a set of control variables to compare their performances before and during the lockdown because of COVID-19 outbreak. Next, this paper estimates ordinary least squares models with and without exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic specification to establish the nature, significance and magnitude of the pandemic’s early effect on the shares performance of these online travel companies (OTCs). Findings This paper discovers a rapid decline in the performance of tourism industry amid the pandemic outbreak, from the perspective of three leading OTCs, which derive their profits from tourists by providing them online hotel reservation, air-ticketing and packaged-tour business services around the globe. These significant adverse direct and indirect effects testify that tourism-related businesses are extensively locked down by the pandemic outbreak. Research limitations/implications Future studies are encouraged to examine each of the tourism sectors for individual effects. Practical implications This paper provides implications for investors to protect their wealth, and for policymakers to ensure sustainability of tourism industry in the pandemic outbreak and in the future. Originality/value From the perspective of corporate finance, this paper empirically quantifies the early effect of COVID-19 on tourism industry for a quick snapshot.

Analisis Sidang Sengketa Pajak oleh Pengadilan Pajak yang Dilaksanakan Diluar Daerah Jakarta Ditinjau dari Azas Ease of Administration

The implementation of the tax dispute trial is regulated by the Law of The Republic of Indonesia No.14/2002 concerning Tax Court article 4 which states that the tax dispute trial conducted by the tax court can be held in Jakarta and other regions if it is deemed necessary. The problem arises when local taxpayers whose tax dispute trials are held outside Jakarta hire a tax consultant from Jakarta, the taxpayer must bear the transportation and accomodation costs of the tax consultant team who come to the region where the trial is held, such as airline tickets, hotels, and other costs during the trial. The tax court institution also bear the travel cost of the official team of tax court judges who will lead the trial, because the judge who leads the trial comes from Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tax dispute trial held outside Jakarta in terms of the principle of ease of administration. The results show that in terms of the four ease of administration principles, only the principle of efficiency is not fulfilled. This is due to the high costs incurred by taxpayers and tax courts side to conduct tax dispute trials outside Jakarta.

ANALISIS FAKTOR WISATAWAN NUSANTARA MEMBELI TIKET PESAWAT KE BALI

The increasing number of airlines that provide flight routes to Bali, causes tourists to consider various factors before making the purchase of an airline ticket that would be used to go to Bali. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the decision of domestic tourists to purchase airline tickets to Bali with a quantitative descriptive approach. Data collected through observation, questionnaire distribution, and literature study. The sample in this study amounted to 100 tourists who were obtained accidentally. With the help of factor analysis using SPSS version 17, out of 26 indicators, six major factors were formed that influenced the behavior of domestic tourists in purchasing airline tickets to Bali, including: psychological factor, social factor, cultural factor, marketing mix factor, employment factor, and personal factor. The dominant factor that has influenced the behavior of domestic tourists in purchasing tickets is psychological factors with an eigenvalue of 14.135 and a variance percentage of 42.832%. As for forming psychological factors, airline image factors got the biggest loading factor which is a number of 0.881.

PENGARUH HARGA, KEMUDAHAN, DAN KEPERCAYAAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN TIKET PESAWAT MELALUI MOBILE APPLICATION GARUDA INDONESIA

The aim of this research is to find out if ratings and reviews were influenced by price, ease to use, and trusted in their purchasing decisions by domestic tourists through Garuda Indonesia mobile application user in DKI Jakarta. The selection of the sample using the method of purposive sampling total of 100 respondents. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, questionnaires,, and literature. The data analysis technique in this study is descriptive analysis, validity and reliability test, classic assumption test, hypothesis test, multiple linear analysis, correlation analysis, and coefficient of determination analysis using SPSS version 21.0 for windows. The result of this study indicate the effect of price, easy to use, and trust the decision to purchase airplane tickets by domestic tourists through Garuda Indonesia's mobile application in DKI Jakarta is very significantly simultaneous and partial effect with a value of 60,6%. For price the result of value tcount is 2.757, easy to use 3.533, and trust 3.958. The data collected through online questionnaires to the respondents who had purchased airline tickets for Garuda Indonesia mobile application.