scholarly journals Behavioural tactic predicts preoptic-hypothalamic gene expression more strongly than developmental morph in fish with alternative reproductive tactics

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1871) ◽  
pp. 20172742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel A. Tripp ◽  
Ni Y. Feng ◽  
Andrew H. Bass
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Territory Defence

Reproductive success relies on the coordination of social behaviours, such as territory defence, courtship and mating. Species with extreme variation in reproductive tactics are useful models for identifying the neural mechanisms underlying social behaviour plasticity. The plainfin midshipman ( Porichthys notatus ) is a teleost fish with two male reproductive morphs that follow widely divergent developmental trajectories and display alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). Type I males defend territories, court females and provide paternal care, but will resort to cuckoldry if they cannot maintain a territory. Type II males reproduce only through cuckoldry. We sought to disentangle gene expression patterns underlying behavioural tactic, in this case ARTs, from those solely reflective of developmental morph. Using RNA-sequencing, we investigated differential transcript expression in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) of courting type I males, cuckolding type I males and cuckolding type II males. Unexpectedly, POA-AH differential expression was more strongly coupled to behavioural tactic than morph. This included a suite of transcripts implicated in hormonal regulation of vertebrate social behaviour. Our results reveal that divergent expression patterns in a conserved neuroendocrine centre known to regulate social-reproductive behaviours across vertebrate lineages may be uncoupled from developmental history to enable plasticity in the performance of reproductive tactics.

scholarly journals Competition and cuckoldry: estimating fitness of alternative reproductive tactics in plainfin midshipman

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (8) ◽  
pp. 1209-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Cogliati ◽  
Sigal Balshine ◽  
Bryan D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
System A ◽  
Porichthys Notatus ◽  
Gene By Environment Interactions ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Plainfin Midshipman ◽  
Reproductive Tactic

There has been much debate about how male alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) evolve. In particular, researchers question whether ARTs have evolved as a conditional, ‘best of a bad job’ strategy where one tactic has higher fitness than the other, or whether they have evolved as a result of a genetic polymorphism where both tactics have equal fitness. Despite the large number of species known to have ARTs, tests of equal fitness between tactics have only been conducted in a handful of species. We tested the prediction of equal fitness using the plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus), a species with two well characterized male ARTs: guarding type I males and cuckolding type II males. We collected data across three years and three sampling locations to determine the proportion of each reproductive tactic, as well as the proportion of offspring sired by each male type using microsatellite markers. Our analysis suggests that males adopting the conventional guarding tactic likely have higher fitness compared to males adopting the cuckolder type II tactic. Also, we show that the guarding male tactic is able to gain paternity through cuckoldry, and that these males, who sometimes guard and sometimes cuckold, are responsible for the majority of paternity lost within nests. Indeed, the classic cuckolding type II males were responsible for only a small fraction of the paternity lost. These results highlight the degree of flexibility in male behaviour even among individuals adopting the same male tactic. Taken together, our results provide the first exploration of the evolution of male ARTs in plainfin midshipman and, given the tractability of midshipman system, a valuable next step will be to look for gene-by-environment interactions on tactic development and expression.

scholarly journals A chimeric type II/type I interleukin-1 receptor can mediate interleukin-1 induction of gene expression in T cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (14) ◽  
pp. 10490-10494
Author(s):  
A. Heguy ◽  
C.T. Baldari ◽  
S. Censini ◽  
P. Ghiara ◽  
J.L. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals Catecholaminergic Fiber Innervation of the Vocal Motor System Is Intrasexually Dimorphic in a Teleost with Alternative Reproductive Tactics

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary N. Ghahramani ◽  
Miky Timothy ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Michelle Gorbonosov ◽  
Alena Chernenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Behavioral Divergence

Catecholamines, which include the neurotransmitters dopamine and noradrenaline, are known modulators of sensorimotor function, reproduction, and sexually motivated behaviors across vertebrates, including vocal-acoustic communication. Recently, we demonstrated robust catecholaminergic (CA) innervation throughout the vocal motor system in the plainfin midshipman fish Porichthys notatus, a seasonal breeding marine teleost that produces vocal signals for social communication. There are 2 distinct male reproductive morphs in this species: type I males establish nests and court females with a long-duration advertisement call, while type II males sneak spawn to steal fertilizations from type I males. Like females, type II males can only produce brief, agonistic, grunt type vocalizations. Here, we tested the hypothesis that intrasexual differences in the number of CA neurons and their fiber innervation patterns throughout the vocal motor pathway may provide neural substrates underlying divergence in reproductive behavior between morphs. We employed immunofluorescence (-ir) histochemistry to measure tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; a rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis) neuron numbers in several forebrain and hindbrain nuclei as well as TH-ir fiber innervation throughout the vocal pathway in type I and type II males collected from nests during the summer reproductive season. After controlling for differences in body size, only one group of CA neurons displayed an unequivocal difference between male morphs: the extraventricular vagal-associated TH-ir neurons, located just lateral to the dimorphic vocal motor nucleus (VMN), were significantly greater in number in type II males. In addition, type II males exhibited greater TH-ir fiber density within the VMN and greater numbers of TH-ir varicosities with putative contacts on vocal motor neurons. This strong inverse relationship between the predominant vocal morphotype and the CA innervation of vocal motor neurons suggests that catecholamines may function to inhibit vocal output in midshipman. These findings support catecholamines as direct modulators of vocal behavior, and differential CA input appears reflective of social and reproductive behavioral divergence between male midshipman morphs.

scholarly journals Alternative reproductive tactics and sex‐biased gene expression: the study of the bulb mite transcriptome

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal T. Stuglik ◽  
Wiesław Babik ◽  
Zofia Prokop ◽  
Jacek Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Bulb Mite

scholarly journals 153EXPRESSION OF TGF-BETA I AND TYPE I AND TYPE II OF TGF-BETA RECEPTORS IN BOVINE EMBRYOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
B.K. Kim ◽  
H.J. Chung ◽  
B.C. Yang ◽  
D.H. Kim ◽  
J.H. Woo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

Although the effects of TGFβ1, as an important factor in the mice embryo development have been reported, little information relevant to this subject is known in the bovine embryo. The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence and expression patterns of TGFβ1 and TGFβ1 receptors, types I and II, in unfertilized oocytes and fertilized bovine embryos in normal and NT embryo development. We postulated that TGFβ1 may have a beneficial effect on the preimplantation embryo and show different expression patterns at different stages of bovine embryo development. Immature bovine oocytes were aspirated from follicles of ovaries obtained from a local abattoir and they were cultured for up to 24h and fertilized in vitro. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry were used to investigate the presence of TGFβ1 and type I and type II of TGFβ1 receptors (the essential components of the TGFβ1 signaling pathway) in unfertilized oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Also, mRNA and protein expression patterns of TGFβ1 and their receptors at various stages of embryos were examined. It was found that both receptors, as well as TGFβ1, were present in the unfertilized bovine oocytes, indicating that TGFβ1 is a maternally expressed protein. Although the type I TGFβ1 receptor was present at the morulae and blastocyst stages, the type II TGFβ1 receptor was not present at both stages. It was also confirmed that the expression level of TGFβ1 was high at the 8-cell stage, and mRNA and protein expression patterns of TGFβ1 and their receptors were not coincident. Interestingly, TGFβ1 protein was not detected at blastocyst stage of embryos, whereas the mRNA expression level was high at this stage. The results of this experiment indicate that TGFβ1 protein may be needed by embryos after the blastocyst stage and may be expressed in hatched embryos for implantation. These findings support the hypothesis that there may be an interaction between the TGFβ1 and TGFβ1 receptors in the unfertilized oocytes and preimplantation embryos, and that TGFβ1 signaling may be important for the development of the oocytes and the preimplantation embryos.

scholarly journals High Expression of Ecto-Nucleotidases CD39 and CD73 in Human Endometrial Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Aliagas ◽  
August Vidal ◽  
Laura Texidó ◽  
Jordi Ponce ◽  
Enric Condom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Serous Tumors ◽  
Female Genital

One of the strategies used by tumors to evade immunosurveillance is the accumulation of extracellular adenosine, which has immunosupressive and tumor promoting effects. The study of the mechanisms leading to adenosine formation at the tumor interstitium are therefore of great interest in oncology. The dominant pathway generating extracellular adenosine in tumors is the dephosphorylation of ATP by ecto-nucleotidases. Two of these enzymes acting sequentially, CD39 and CD73, efficiently hydrolyze extracellular ATP to adenosine. They have been found to play a crucial role in a variety of tumors, but there were no data concerning endometrial cancer, the most frequent of the invasive tumors of the female genital tract. The aim of the present work is to study the expression of CD39 and CD73 in human endometrial cancer. We have analyzed protein and gene expression, as well as enzyme activity, in type I endometrioid adenocarcinomas and type II serous adenocarcinomas and their nonpathological endometrial counterparts. High levels of both enzymes were found in tumor samples, with significantly increased expression of CD39 in type II serous tumors, which also coincided with the higher tumor grade. Our results reinforce the involvement of the adenosinergic system in cancer, emphasizing the relevance of ecto-nucleotidases as emerging therapeutic targets in oncology.

scholarly journals Social history and exposure to pathogen signals modulate social status effects on gene regulation in rhesus macaques

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23317-23322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Sanz ◽  
Paul L. Maurizio ◽  
Noah Snyder-Mackler ◽  
Noah D. Simons ◽  
Tawni Voyles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social History ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Type I ◽  
Gene Expression Response ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Social experience is an important predictor of disease susceptibility and survival in humans and other social mammals. Chronic social stress is thought to generate a proinflammatory state characterized by elevated antibacterial defenses and reduced investment in antiviral defense. Here we manipulated long-term social status in female rhesus macaques to show that social subordination alters the gene expression response to ex vivo bacterial and viral challenge. As predicted by current models, bacterial lipopolysaccharide polarizes the immune response such that low status corresponds to higher expression of genes in NF-κB–dependent proinflammatory pathways and lower expression of genes involved in the antiviral response and type I IFN signaling. Counter to predictions, however, low status drives more exaggerated expression of both NF-κB– and IFN-associated genes after cells are exposed to the viral mimic Gardiquimod. Status-driven gene expression patterns are linked not only to social status at the time of sampling, but also to social history (i.e., past social status), especially in unstimulated cells. However, for a subset of genes, we observed interaction effects in which females who fell in rank were more strongly affected by current social status than those who climbed the social hierarchy. Taken together, our results indicate that the effects of social status on immune cell gene expression depend on pathogen exposure, pathogen type, and social history—in support of social experience-mediated biological embedding in adulthood, even in the conventionally memory-less innate immune system.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Three CanonicalToxoplasmaStrains on Gene Expression in Human Neuroepithelial Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianchun Xiao ◽  
Lorraine Jones-Brando ◽  
C. Conover Talbot ◽  
Robert H. Yolken
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACTStrain type is one of the key factors suspected to play a role in determining the outcome ofToxoplasmainfection. In this study, we examined the transcriptional profile of human neuroepithelioma cells in response to representative strains ofToxoplasmaby using microarray analysis to characterize the strain-specific host cell response. The study of neural cells is of interest in light of the ability ofToxoplasmato infect the brain and to establish persistent infection within the central nervous system. We found that the extents of the expression changes varied considerably among the three strains. Neuroepithelial cells infected withToxoplasmatype I exhibited the highest level of differential gene expression, whereas type II-infected cells had a substantially smaller number of genes which were differentially expressed. Cells infected with type III exhibited intermediate effects on gene expression. The three strains also differed in the individual genes and gene pathways which were altered following cellular infection. For example, gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that type I infection largely affects genes related to the central nervous system, while type III infection largely alters genes which affect nucleotide metabolism; type II infection does not alter the expression of a clearly defined set of genes. Moreover, Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) suggests that the three lineages differ in the ability to manipulate their host; e.g., they employ different strategies to avoid, deflect, or subvert host defense mechanisms. These observed differences may explain some of the variation in the neurobiological effects of different strains ofToxoplasmaon infected individuals.

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