Appendix to a former paper on human osteology

1837 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 294-294
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Osteology ◽  
Linear Representations ◽  
Human Bones

This appendix contains linear representations of various dimen­sions of the bones of the human body, both male and female, with a view to facilitate the comparison of the human frame with that of other animals, and reduce it to definite laws. The author states that many of the rectilinear dimensions of human bones appear to be mul­tiples of one unit, namely, the breadth of the cranium directly over the external passage of the ear; a dimension which he has found to be the most invariable in the body. No division of that dimension was found by him to measure the other dimensions so accurately as that by seven, or its multiples. Of such seventh parts there appear to be twelve in the longitudinal extent of the back, and ninety-six in the height of the whole body.

3D Video Communication System by Using Kinect and Head Mounted Displays

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 1540003
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Hashimoto ◽  
Yuki Fujibayashi ◽  
Hiroki Imamura
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Video Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
File Transfer ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Head Mounted Display

Existing video communication systems, used in private business or video teleconference, show a part of the body of users on display only. This situation does not have realistic sensation because of showing a part of body on display and showing other users by 2D. This makes users feel communicating with the other users at a long distance without realistic sensation. Furthermore, although these existing communication systems have file transfer function such as sending and receiving file data, it does not use intuitive manipulation. It uses mouse or touching display only. In order to solve these problems, we propose 3D communication system supported by Kinect and head mounted display (HMD) to provide users communications with realistic sensation and intuitive manipulation. This system is able to show whole body of users on HMD as if they were in the same room by 3D reconstruction. It also enables users to transfer and share information by intuitive manipulation to augmented reality (AR) objects toward the other users in the future. The result of this paper is a system that extracts human body by using Kinect, reconstructs extracted human body on HMD, and also recognizes users' hands to be able to manipulate AR objects by a hand.

Bodies of Meaning: Studies on Language, Labor, and Liberation. By David McNally. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000. 277p. $72.50 cloth, $23.95 paper.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Nicholas Xenos
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
State University ◽  
The Real

David McNally styles this book as beginning in a polemic and ending in a “materialist approach to language” much indebted to the German critic Walter Benjamin. The charge is that “postmodernist theory, whether it calls itself poststructuralism, deconstruction or post-Marxism, is constituted by a radical attempt to banish the real human body—the sensate, biocultural, laboring body—from the sphere of language and social life” (p. 1). By treating language as an abstraction, McNally argues, postmodernism constitutes a form of idealism. More than that, it succumbs to and perpetuates the fetishism of commodities disclosed by Marx insofar as it treats the products of human laboring bodies as entities independently of them. Clearly irritated by the claims to radicalism made by those he labels postmodern, McNally thinks he has found their Achilles' heel: “The extra-discursive body, the body that exceeds language and discourse, is the ‘other’ of the new idealism, the entity it seeks to efface in order to bestow absolute sovereignty on language. To acknowledge the centrality of the sensate body to language and society is thus to threaten the whole edifice of postmodernist theory” (p. 2).

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL AGE AS A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HEALTH LEVEL UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Prokhorov ◽  
V. I. Dontsov ◽  
Vyacheslav N. Krutko ◽  
T. M. Khodykina
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Definition Of

The widespread formation of unfavorable environmental, the swiftness of modern life with large information and psycho-emotional loads and extremely natural and climatic cataclysms, as well as harmful addictions and wrong way of life of modern human, lead to the development of stress and disruption of the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body and its accelerated wear. This stimulates the development of research on the creation of new methods of integrated assessment of health and quantitative assessment of the aging processes of the body systems and the whole body, as well as the possibilities of new methods of risk assessment of climatic and environmentally related pathological and age-related diseases. The aim of the work was to consider the methodology of quantitative assessment of individual health and the rate of aging of the human body on the basis of the system index of Biological age (BA); description of its essence and structure, requirements for tests - biomarkers of aging used as the index of BA, definition of possibilities and scope of application of the BA method in modern practice of Biomedicine. The use of modern methods of scientific analysis - a systematic approach to the analysis of the processes of human aging and determine its quantitative side - the value of BA, allows a reasonable approach to the choice of the number of BM, to take into account their information content and precision, and the cost of diagnostics and availability for different users, to take into account the specific objectives of the researcher. The use of the index-partial BA allows individual approaching the choice of biomarkers and create personalized panels for the definition of BA programs for the prevention of aging in personalized preventive medicine. The complexity of the content and calculation of indices of BA requires automation and the use of methods of modern computer science and computer calculations and programs. For this purpose, we have created special computer software for diagnosing aging by calculating the BA indices with the possibility of choosing BM and automatic calculation of indicators and conclusions.

scholarly journals Safe Duration Of A Person Soaking Inside A Hot Tub: Theoretical Prediction of Temperature Elevations in Human Bodies Using A Whole Body Heat Transfer Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myo Min Zaw ◽  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
Ronghui Ma ◽  
Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Bioheat Equation ◽  
Arterial Blood

In this study, we first develop a whole body model based on measurements of a human body, with realistic boundary conditions incorporated before and after a person jumps into a hot tub. For the transient heat transfer simulation, the initial condition is the established steady state temperature field of the human body with appropriate clothing layer to ensure the thermal equilibrium of the body with its surroundings. Once the person is inside a hot tub, the Pennes bioheat equation is used to simulate the transient temperature elevations of the body, and the rising of the arterial blood temperature is solved by an energy balance equation modeling thermal exchange between body tissue and the blood in the body. The safe duration of soaking in hot tubs is then determined as affected by the hot tub water temperatures.

scholarly journals Adipose tissue in control of metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. R77-R99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liping Luo ◽  
Meilian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand, adipose tissue stores energy in the form of lipid and controls the lipid mobilization and distribution in the body. On the other hand, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ and produces numerous bioactive factors such as adipokines that communicate with other organs and modulate a range of metabolic pathways. Moreover, brown and beige adipose tissue burn lipid by dissipating energy in the form of heat to maintain euthermia, and have been considered as a new way to counteract obesity. Therefore, adipose tissue dysfunction plays a prominent role in the development of obesity and its related disorders such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression and cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent findings of adipose tissue in the control of metabolism, focusing on its endocrine and thermogenic function.

Modeling of Human Reactions to Whole-Body Vibration

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid M. L. Amirouche
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Finite Segment ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Forcing Function ◽  
Impulse Function

A computer-automated approach for studying the human body vibration is presented. This includes vertical, horizontal, and torsional vibration. The procedure used is based on Finite Segment Modeling (FSM) of the human body, thus treating it as a mechanical structure. Kane’s equations as developed by Huston et al. are used to formulate the governing equations of motion. The connective tissues are modeled by springs and dampers. In addition, the paper presents the transient response of different parts of the body due to a sinusoidal forcing function as well as an impulse function applied to the lower torso in the vertical direction.

Hierarchical Engineering Model of the Human Body

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayajulu D. Karamchetty
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Complex Engineering

Engineers and scientists are able to understand and analyze the behavior of complex engineering systems in a wide range of critical technologies through hierarchical modeling followed by simulation of the model operation. This process results in a high fidelity integrated model as each level in the hierarchy is modeled in sufficient detail. The overall objective of this effort is to develop a sophisticated hierarchical model of the human body, followed by simulation of the model operation. In this initial research phase, the feasibility of the concept is explored and a framework for the model is described. A six-level model consisting of the whole body as a system, system of systems, organs, tissues, cells, and molecules is proposed and described. This paper explains that the human body is amenable to such hierarchical modeling and describes the benefits that can be achieved. The systems in the body deal with numerous processes: electrical, chemical, biochemical, energy conversion, transportation, pumping, sensing, communications, and so on. Control volume models for the organs in the body capture the mass and energy balance and chemical reactions. Tissue can be represented similar to structural components made of various biomaterials. Cells can be represented as a manufacturing and maintenance workforce assisted by molecular reactions. Following the representation of a healthy body, simulation runs by inserting faults and/or deficiencies in the operational parameters into the model could reveal the causes for specific diseases and illnesses. Such modeling and simulation will benefit medical, pharmaceutical, nutritional specialists, and engineers in designing, developing, and delivering products and services to enable humans to lead healthy lives.

scholarly journals Features of transcutaneous penetration of lead into the human body

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Kashuba
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

Introduction. One of the features of lead is its high ability to disintegrate and significantly contaminate the environment. The contamination of hands or the whole body with lead creates a high probability of penetrating micro- and nanoparticles through the skin into the body. Nowadays, this process is not sufficiently studied. There is evidence that inorganic compounds or metallic particles of lead can penetrate through the skin into a human body. Material and methods. centrifuge 10000 rpm, laser emitter (wavelength 625-740 nm), optical microscope, voltampermetric analyzer ABA-2, Analysette 12 Dyna Sizer, magnetic stirrer, distiller, Na2S solution. The studies were conducted in 2017-2018 among the workers of battery sections of technical service stations in Ternopol - 17 people. The research results were processed by the statistical package SPSS 19. Results. The process of mechanical contamination by the skin with lead, rejection of micro particles from the surface of lead, and, to a lesser extent, ultrafine nanoparticles, which can penetrate the sweat glands, was established to occur. The studies have shown in the washings from the palms particles’ skin are detected mainly in the size of 1 μm - 100 nm. In the process of finding the particles of lead in the sweat glands, their length decreases to Nanoscale, allowing them freely entering the body. The decrease in particle size in the sweat glands occurs due to the formation of soluble lead compounds. Presumably, the main chemical contributing to this process is lactic acid. With increasing exposure, the size of lead particles in the sweat glands decreases. Intensive cleaning of the skin surface by mechanical methods, and detergents, followed by contamination with lead, promotes the penetration of lead particles into the sweat glands and its further spread in the body. The intense physical activity was established to contribute to a decrease in particle size, which suggests chemical interaction of lead with lactic acid and the formation of soluble lead lactate. The assumption is confirmed by studies of the composition of sweat, which is detected lead lactate. Conclusion. The lead ability to penetrating a human body transcutaneously in the form of nanoparticles and soluble compounds has been proven. Intense physical activity facilitates the penetration of lead into the body.

scholarly journals ANDROID APPLICATION FOR MEASURING HUMAN BODY TEMPERATURE AND FORCASTING FUTURE ILLNESS

2014 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
S PRABHAKARAN ◽  
DHANESHWARI KUMARI ◽  
RIA AHUJA
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Android Operating System

Android Application for measuring human body temperature is a new age mobile thermometer. This kind of application already exists but requires manual feeding temperature. In our project, we propose an application which will measure the body temperature automatically while the user is operating the mobile device. It has an in-built function which can trigger alert messages whenever the temperature becomes critical more than normal human body temperature. The display segment of the device is made up of capacitive touch screen, which can act upon the bioelectricity produced by human body with each and every touch. This application requires Android Operating System Version 2.2. It will also diagnose the other diseases the user might have depending upon the symptoms entered.

Embryonic development—the first few weeks

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Embryonic Period ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

Embryology is a fascinating subject and is the foundation of the development, growth, and maturation of all the cells, organs, and tissues of the body. Strictly, embryology is the study of the early processes of development beginning at fertilization and following the processes that turn a single cell into a multicellular organism. It is all about generation of the building blocks required to make a human body. Developmental anatomy is the study of how these building blocks are turned into specific cells, tissues, and organs as well as the general growth of the body. As you will soon appreciate in the following paragraphs, all organs and systems do not develop at the same rate so there is a degree of overlap between embryology and developmental anatomy. For example, the heart and circulatory system must develop and be functioning very early in development to ensure adequate supplies of nutrients to the developing fetal tissues. Teeth, on the other hand, are not going to be used until about six months after birth at the earliest; while the heart is already beating away, each developing tooth is merely a tiny group of cells bearing little resemblance to a fully formed tooth. Human gestation is considered to take nine months; more accurately, it usually lasts for 38 to 39 weeks from fertilization to birth. Clinically, it is divided into three trimesters of three months each. In this chapter, we will focus on events in the first few weeks. During the first two and a half weeks after fertilization, the very basic building blocks are formed from the single fertilized cell; this is the pre-embryonic period. The embryonic period covers the next five and half weeks during which these basic building blocks develop into the cells, tissues, and organs. As already indicated, some of these may be in a very rudimentary state at the end of the embryonic period. The remaining 30 or so weeks is the fetal period when the tissues and organs of the body grow and develop and the fetus grows considerably. We are not fully mature organisms at birth and have another 20 years a-growing.

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