Observations on 287 thunder-storms made at highfield house, near Nottingham, during the last nine years

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 957-957
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
The Hours ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmospheric Phenomena ◽  
Rotatory Motion

The thunder-storms referred to in this communication are recorded in a tabular form., arranged according to their dates. In this table are given the date; the hour of the commencement of the storm; the mean height of the barometer to tenths of an inch; whether it is rising, stationary, or falling; the direction of the wind before the storm, during its continuance, and after its cessation; the maximum temperature on the day of the storm and on the day after; the minimum temperature on the night before and on the night after; and general remarks on the storms. This table is followed by remarks on particular storms recorded in it. In conclusion the author gives the results of his observations with reference to the number of storms in each year; the number in each month, with the hours at which they mostly occur in particular months; the number that have occurred with a rising, stationary, or falling barometer; the number in respect to the direction of the wind and of the current in which the storms moved; the number of storms that have occurred at the various heights of the maximum, and also of the minimum thermometer; the number in which the peculiar breeze that suddenly springs up on the commencement of thunder-storms has been well marked; the change in the direction of some of these storms, and indications of rotatory motion; and finally, the different atmospheric phenomena which have accompanied these storms.

scholarly journals Temperature Change and Its Elevation Dependency in the Source Region of the Yangtze River and Yellow River

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongyi E ◽  
Hongchang Hu ◽  
Hong Xie ◽  
Yongjuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Extreme Minimum Temperature ◽  
The Mean

The study of temperature change and its elevation dependency in the source region of the Yangtze River and Yellow River have been insufficient owing to the lack of adequate observation stations and long-term climatic data. In this study five temperature indices of 32 stations from 1961 to 2007 in and near the source region are used. The 32 stations all have experienced significant warming; the warming amplitudes are higher than the mean warming amplitude of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The warming amplitudes and the numbers of stations showing significant warming trends in mean minimum temperature and extreme minimum temperature are higher than that of the mean maximum temperature and extreme maximum temperature. The elevation dependency of climatic warming and the amount of significant warming stations are not obvious; the influence of human activity and urbanization may be higher. The warming amplitudes of 26 stations above 3000 m tend to be uniform, and there is no significant law at 6 stations below 3000 m. On the contrary, the ratio of stations showing significant warming in minimum temperature above 4000 m is far less than that of the stations below 4000 m.

Bioclimate of Jericho in Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jehad Ighbareyeh
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Latitudinal Belt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

 Jericho is an ancient Canaanite Palestinian city and one of the oldest cities in history, which dates back to more than 10.000 BC (Stone Age). It is located near to the Jordan River, north of the Dead Sea, and north of Jerusalem. Moreover, it considered the lowest area in the earth and has a unique climatic zone. during the study period (1975-1995), was utilized the Salvador Rivas Martinez scale to classify the bioclimate of the earth to analysis the climate and bioclimate data, which was obtained from one station from Palestinian Meteorology Department (Jericho station). The results revealed that the mean monthly temperature was 22.4 0C, mean maximum temperature was 34.8 0C, mean monthly minimum temperature was 15.3 0C, the value of the annual ombrothermic index was 0.6, the compensated thermicity index is very high around 1209/1209 and the simple continentality index was 16.7. The bioclomate of Jericho is located within the zones of the thermal model under the inframediterranean basin, the dry and arid regions. Jericho is belong to Mediterranean desertic-oceanic, the latitudinal belt as subtropical, while continentality is oceanic-low eu-oceanic.

scholarly journals Ambient temperature correlates with geographic variation in body size of least horseshoe bats

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Wang ◽  
Kelly Chen ◽  
Dongge Guo ◽  
Bo Luo ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Heat Conservation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Horseshoe Bats

Abstract Geographic variation in body size is common within many animal species. The causes of this pattern, however, remain largely unexplored in most vertebrate groups. Bats are widely distributed globally owing to their ability of powered flight. Most bat species encounter a variety of climatic conditions across their distribution range, making them an ideal taxon for the study of ecogeographic patterns in body size. Here, we used adult least horseshoe bats, Rhinolophus pusillus, to test whether geographic variation in body size was determined by heat conservation, heat dissipation, climatic seasonality, or primary productivity. We measured body mass and head-body length for 246 adult bats from 12 allopatric colonies in China. We quantified the ecological conditions inhabited by each colony, including mean maximum temperature of the warmest month, mean minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and annual net primary productivity (ANPP). Body mass and head-body length, 2 of the most reliable indicators of body size, exhibited marked differences between colonies. After controlling for spatial autocorrelation, the mean minimum temperature of the coldest month explained most of the variation in body size among colonies, regardless of sex. The mean maximum temperature, climatic seasonality, and ANPP had limited power in predicting body size of males or females in comparison with mean minimum temperature. These results support the heat conservation hypothesis and suggest adaptive responses of body size to cold climates in cave-dwelling bats.

scholarly journals Comparing precipitation and temperature trends between inland and coastal locations

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. C109-C126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Hartigan ◽  
Shev MacNamara ◽  
Lance M Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
P Value ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean

Motivated by the Millennium Drought and the current drought over much of southern and eastern Australia, this detailed statistical study compares trends in annual wet season precipitation and temperature between a coastal site (Newcastle) and an inland site (Scone). Bootstrap permutation tests reveal Scone precipitation has decreased significantly over the past 40 years (p-value=0.070) whereas Newcastle has recorded little to no change (p-value=0.800). Mean maximum and minimum temperatures for Newcastle have increased over the past 40 years (p-values of 0.002 and 0.015, respectively) while the mean maximum temperature for Scone has increased (p-value = 0.058) and the mean minimum temperature has remained stable. This suggests mean temperatures during the wet season for both locations are increasing. Considering these trends along with those for precipitation, water resources in the Hunter region will be increasingly strained as a result of increased evaporation with either similar or less precipitation falling in the region. Wavelet analysis reveals that both sites have similar power spectra for precipitation and mean maximum temperature with a statistically significant signal in the two to seven year period, typically indicative of the El-Nino Southern Oscillation climate driver. The El-Nino Southern Oscillation also drives the Newcastle mean minimum temperature, whereas the Scone power spectra has no indication of a definitive driver for mean minimum temperature. References R. A., R. L. Kitching, F. Chiew, L. Hughes, P. C. D. Newton, S. S. Schuster, A. Tait, and P. Whetton. Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: Regional aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Technical report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. URL https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/. Bureau of Meteorology. Climate Glossary-Drought. URL http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/glossary/drought.shtml. K. M. Lau and H. Weng. Climate signal detection using wavelet transform: How to make a time series sing. B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 76:23912402, 1995. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1995)0762391:CSDUWT>2.0.CO;2. M. B. Richman and L. M. Leslie. Uniqueness and causes of the California drought. Procedia Comput. Sci., 61:428435, 2015. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.181. M. B. Richman and L. M. Leslie. The 20152017 Cape Town drought: Attribution and prediction using machine learning. Procedia Comput. Sci., 140:248257, 2018. doi:10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.323.

scholarly journals Biases and Model Agreement in Projections of Climate Extremes over the Tropical Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (24) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Return Levels ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) general circulation models (GCMs), projections of a range of climate extremes are explored for the western Pacific. These projections include the 1-in-20-yr return levels and a selection of climate indices for minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation, and they are compared to corresponding mean projections for the Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 scenario during 2081–2100. Models are evaluated per variable based on their ability to simulate current extremes, as well as the overall daily distribution. Using the standardized evaluation scores for each variable, models are divided into four subsets where ensemble variability is calculated to measure model uncertainty and biases are calculated in respect to the multimodel ensemble (MME). Results show that higher uncertainty in projections of climate extremes exists when compared to the mean, even in those subsets consisting of higher-skilled models. Higher uncertainty exists for precipitation projections than for temperature, and biases and uncertainties in the 1-in-20-yr precipitation events are an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding mean. Poorer performing models exhibit a cooler bias in the mean and 1-in-20-yr return levels for maximum and minimum temperature, and ensemble variability is low among all subsets of mean minimum temperature, especially the lower-skilled subsets. Higher-skilled models project 1-in-20-yr precipitation return levels that are more intense than in the MME. The frequency of temperature extremes increase dramatically; however, this is explained by the underpinning small temperature range of the region. Although some systematic biases occur in the higher- and lower-skilled models and omitting the poorer performers is recommended, great care should be exercised when interpreting the reduction of uncertainty because the ensemble variability among the remaining models is comparable and in some cases greater than the MME. Such results should be treated on a case-by-case basis.

scholarly journals Modeling the Historical Temperature in the Province of Laguna Using Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Kemuel III Quindala ◽  
Diane Carmeliza Cuaresma ◽  
Jonathan Mamplata
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Uhlenbeck Process ◽  
Local Setting ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Historical Temperature ◽  
Major Factors

The behavior of temperature is one of the major factors in the study of climate change which has already invited a lot of researchers and policymakers. These studies help in deciding the best adaptation and mitigation strategy. However, there are little studies on the progression of climate change in a local setting, such as in a municipal or provincial level. This study explored to model, using regression, the daily temperature in the province of Laguna. The daily maximum and minimum temperature from 1960 to 2018 were modeled using the classical Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) process with additive seasonality. The model showed that the province saw an increase of $1.16^\circ$C (resp. $0.55^\circ$C) in the mean daily minimum (resp. maximum) temperature from 1960 to 2018. It was also found that minimum temperature showed a steadier increase than maximum temperature, which poses threats to agricultural activities. Consistent with other international predictions, there was a $0.02^\circ$C annual increase in 1960 to a $0.05^\circ$C starting in 2010.  The proposed model can be used by authorities in designing and creating adaptive measures that would be more effective to the province of Laguna.

Bioclimate of Jericho in Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jehad Ighbareyeh
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Latitudinal Belt ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

 Jericho is an ancient Canaanite Palestinian city and one of the oldest cities in history, which dates back to more than 10.000 BC (Stone Age). It is located near to the Jordan River, north of the Dead Sea, and north of Jerusalem. Moreover, it considered the lowest area in the earth and has a unique climatic zone. during the study period (1975-1995), was utilized the Salvador Rivas Martinez scale to classify the bioclimate of the earth to analysis the climate and bioclimate data, which was obtained from one station from Palestinian Meteorology Department (Jericho station). The results revealed that the mean monthly temperature was 22.4 0C, mean maximum temperature was 34.8 0C, mean monthly minimum temperature was 15.3 0C, the value of the annual ombrothermic index was 0.6, the compensated thermicity index is very high around 1209/1209 and the simple continentality index was 16.7. The bioclomate of Jericho is located within the zones of the thermal model under the inframediterranean basin, the dry and arid regions. Jericho is belong to Mediterranean desertic-oceanic, the latitudinal belt as subtropical, while continentality is oceanic-low eu-oceanic.

scholarly journals Secular Variation in Rainfall Intensity and Temperature in Eastern Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ru Chen ◽  
Bofu Yu ◽  
Graham Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Mean

Abstract It is generally assumed that rainfall intensity will increase with temperature increase, irrespective of the underlying changes to the average rainfall. This study documents and investigates long-term trends in rainfall intensities, annual rainfall, and mean maximum and minimum temperatures using the Mann–Kendall trend test for nine sites in eastern Australia. Relationships between rainfall intensities at various durations and 1) annual rainfall and 2) the mean maximum and minimum temperatures were investigated. The results showed that the mean minimum temperature has increased significantly at eight out of the nine sites in eastern Australia. Changes in annual rainfall are likely to be associated with changes in rainfall intensity at the long duration of 48 h. Overall, changes in rainfall intensity at short durations (<1 h) positively correlate with changes in the mean maximum temperature, but there is no significant correlation with the mean minimum temperature and annual rainfall. Additionally, changes in rainfall intensity at longer durations (≥1 h) positively correlate with changes in the mean annual rainfall, but not with either mean maximum or minimum temperatures for the nine sites investigated.

scholarly journals Analysis of Past and Projected Trends of Rainfall and Temperature Parameters in Eastern and Western Hararghe Zones, Ethiopia

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Helen Teshome ◽  
Kindie Tesfaye ◽  
Nigussie Dechassa ◽  
Tamado Tana ◽  
Matthew Huber
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Change And Variability ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
East And West

Smallholder farmers in East and West Hararghe zones, Ethiopia frequently face problems of climate extremes. Knowledge of past and projected climate change and variability at local and regional scales can help develop adaptation measures. A study was therefore conducted to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of rainfall and temperature in the past (1988–2017) and projected periods of 2030 and 2050 under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) at selected stations in East and West Hararghe zones, Ethiopia. To detect the trends and magnitude of change Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were employed, respectively. The result of the study indicated that for the last three decades annual and seasonal and monthly rainfall showed high variability but the changes are not statistically significant. On the other hand, the minimum temperature of the ‘Belg’ season showed a significant (p < 0.05) increment. The mean annual minimum temperature is projected to increase by 0.34 °C and 2.52 °C for 2030, and 0.41 °C and 4.15 °C for 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Additionally, the mean maximum temperature is projected to change by −0.02 °C and 1.14 °C for 2030, and 0.54 °C and 1.87 °C for 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. Annual rainfall amount is also projected to increase by 2.5% and 29% for 2030, and 12% and 32% for 2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that there was an increasing trend in the Belg season minimum temperature. A significant increasing trend in rainfall and temperature are projected compared to the baseline period for most of the districts studied. This implies a need to design climate-smart crop and livestock production strategies, as well as an early warning system to counter the drastic effects of climate change and variability on agricultural production and farmers’ livelihood in the region.

scholarly journals Drought, Climate Change, and Dryland Wheat Yield Response: An Econometric Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Shayanmehr ◽  
Shida Rastegari Henneberry ◽  
Mahmood Sabouhi Sabouni ◽  
Naser Shahnoushi Foroushani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture has been identified as one of the most vulnerable sectors affected by climate change. In the present study, we investigate the impact of climatic change on dryland wheat yield in the northwest of Iran for the future time horizon of 2041–2070. The Just and Pope production function is applied to assess the impact of climate change on dryland wheat yield and yield risk for the period of 1991–2016. The Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM) is used to generate climate parameters from General Circulation Model (GCM) outputs. The results show that minimum temperature is negatively related to average yield in the linear model while the relationship is positive in the non-linear model. An increase in precipitation increases the mean yield in either model. The maximum temperature has a positive effect on the mean yield in the linear model, while this impact is negative in the non-linear model. Drought has an adverse impact on yield levels in both models. The results also indicate that maximum temperature, precipitation, and drought are positively related to yield variability, but minimum temperature is negatively associated with yield variability. The findings also reveal that yield variability is expected to increase in response to future climate scenarios. Given these impacts of temperature on rain-fed wheat crop and its increasing vulnerability to climatic change, policy-makers should support research into and development of wheat varieties that are resistant to temperature variations.

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