scholarly journals III. On unequal electric conduction-resistance at cathodes

1884 ◽  
Vol 37 (232-234) ◽  
pp. 35-36
Keyword(s):  
Small Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Electric Conduction ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Negative Plate ◽  
Action Films ◽  
New Phenomena

During some experiments which I have been making on the unequal resistance to the deposition of a metal upon cathodes of different metals in the same solution by the same current (see “Some New Phenomena of Electrolysis”), I have been led to investigate the resistance of cathodes of different metals to the passage of the current into them. I have found that by taking a good conducting electrolyte, immersing in it a positive sheet of zinc, and a smaller negative one of another metal, connecting the plates with a galvanometer of low resistance, reducing all the other resistances in the circuit to the minimum except that of the negative plate; then making a series of measurements of strengths of current of different couples formed by the zinc and about twelve other metals, during removal of polarisation by stirring the liquid; also making another series of measurements of the electromotive forces of the same couples during stirring; calculating from these data the total resistance in each case, then deducting the portion of resistance due to the galvanometer, also that due to the liquid itself, and to opposing contact-potential, and thermo-electric and voltaic action at the cathode and external junction, very different amounts of resistance, large in some cases, remain, and are exercised by different metals as cathodes, and those differences of resistance are only to a small extent due to heat and current absorbed in liberating hydrogen, and can only in a few cases be partly accounted for by chemical action, films, or absorption of gases at the cathode.

III. Experimental researches in electricity.—Seventeenth series

1840 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 93-127 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Affinity ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Metallic Contact ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Force Contact ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
A Current ◽  
Chemical Force

24. On the source of power in the voltaic pile.—(Continued.) iv. The exciting chemical force affected by temperature. v. The exciting chemical force affected by dilution. vi. Differences in the order of the metallic elements of voltaic circles. vii. Active voltaic circles and batteries without metallic contact. viii. Considerations of the sufficiency of chemical action. ix. Thermo-electric evidence. x. Improbable nature of the assumed contact force. 1913. On the view that chemical force is the origin of the electric current in the voltaic circuit, it is important that we have the power of causing by ordinary chemical means, a variation of that force within certain limits, without involving any alteration of the metallic or even the other contacts in the circuit. Such variations should pro­duce corresponding voltaic effects, and it appeared not improbable that these dif­ferences alone might be made effective enough to produce currents without any me­tallic contact at all. 1914. De la Rive has shown that the increased action of a pair of metals, when put into hot fluid instead of cold, is in a great measure due to the exaltation of the chemical affinity on that metal which was acted upon. My object was to add to the argument by using but one metal and one fluid, so that the fluid might be alike at both contacts, but to exalt the chemical force at one only of the contacts by the action of heat. If such difference produced a current with circles which either did not generate a thermo current themselves, or could not conduct that of an antimony and bismuth element, it seemed probable that the effect would prove to be a result of pure chemical force, contact doing nothing.

VII.–The Effect of the Transport of Heat on the Rate of Evaporation of Small Droplets I. Evaporation into a Large Excess of a Gas

1962 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
P. G. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
In Series ◽  
Finite Period ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Latent Heat Of Vaporization ◽  
Algebraic Formulation

SynopsisBeginning with fundamental results obtained by Mason for the effect of self-cooling on the evaporation of drops, and by Fuchs for the diffusional retardation of evaporation for small droplets of any radius, explicit expressions for the effect of the transport of heat on the rate of quasi-stationary growth or evaporation, are discussed.The simplest algebraic formulation of the results lends itself to interpretation as expressing a resistance to evaporation, the total resistance being the sum of four resistances in series. Two of these resistances, one to diffusion and one to the conduction of heat, are offered by the gaseous phase in bulk; and there are two corresponding resistances at the interface. Corrections are formulated for the effect of the heating of the droplet by radiation. These corrections may be expressed as a (finite) resistance in parallel with the other two resistances to the transfer of heat. Simplified equations are obtained for the evaporation of a liquid whose latent heat of vaporization is very large.Some remarks are made on the formation of a monodisperse aerosol by the growth of smaller droplets. Integrated expressions are obtained for particular cases of the evaporation of a droplet over a finite period of time.

III. Spectroscopic observations of the sun

1867 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 256-258 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Spectroscopic Observations ◽  
Gaseous Mass ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sun Spots ◽  
Physical Constitution ◽  
Upward Current

The two most recent theories dealing with the physical constitution of the sun are due to M. Faye and to Messrs. De la Rue, Balfour Stewart, and Loewy. The chief point of difference in these two theories is the explanation given by each of the phenomena of sun-spots. Thus, according to M. Faye, the interior of the sun is a nebulous gaseous mass of feeble radiating-power, at a temperature of dissociation; the photosphere is, on the other hand, of a high radiating-power, and at a temperature sufficiently low to permit of chemical action. In a sunspot we see the interior nebulous mass through an opening in the photosphere, caused by an upward current, and the sun-spot is black, by reason of the feeble radiating-power of the nebulous mass.

scholarly journals Orientalism and Ottoman Modernisation in the Discourse of Postmodernism

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Prof. Roida Rzayeva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
New Phenomena

If Orientalism is the critique of modernity, it can be rather considered in a postmodern discourse. New phenomena of global politics, changing moods of mind and cultural discourses again make Orientalism a topical subject. The East has always meant contrast for the West. Yet has it always meant the same? One should particularly note herein a philosophic approach to the problem is necessary instead of the usual and conventional political one, which mostly expresses a unilateral traditional characteristic of Orientalism and interprets it accordingly. There is an opinion Orientalism makes up a paradigm to study non-European histories and cultures using approaches coming after structuralism and postmodernism. As modernized, the East meets/clashes the West while there is no such an opposition in postmodernism, but is co-existence, which echoes the opposition characteristics of Orientalism, unlike the traditional one. At the same time, when analyzing orientalists' works, we often see not a unilateral, but a synthesized approach e.g in those by Turkish one, Hamdi. In any case, many panels by orientalist artists represent combinations which follow a well-known postmodernist motto, both that and the other, unlike the modern world's modernist logic, either that or this.

An Empirical Formula to Estimate the Resistance of a Convoy in a Restricted Waterway

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
J.L.J. Marchal ◽  
Y.-D. Shen ◽  
D. Kicheva
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamics ◽  
Joint Research Project ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Subject

An examination of the literature produced very few references related to the subject of estimating the resistance of a convoy navigating in a waterway of limited cross section. This paper reports the findings of one such study—a joint research project undertaken by Belgium's University of Liege and the Bulgarian Ship Hydrodynamics Centre. A polynomial is presented here for evaluating the total resistance of a convoy moving in a restricted waterway. The resistance was found to depend on Froude number and on the relative dimensions (length, width and depth) between the convoy and the channel. The results obtained by the suggested polynomial are compared with those obtained by the other three existing empirical methods.

Numerical Modelling of a Planing Craft with a V-Shaped Spray Interceptor Arrangement in Calm Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikloš Lakatoš ◽  
Kristjan Tabri ◽  
Abbas Dashtimanesh ◽  
Henrik Andreasson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Stagnation Line ◽  
Planing Craft ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Calm Water ◽  
Wetted Surface Area ◽  
Novel Concept

V-shaped spray interceptors are a novel concept of spray deflection on planing craft. Conventional spray rails are positioned longitudinally on the bottom of the hull and detach the spray from hull deflecting it towards the sides or slightly down and aftward. The V-shaped spray interceptors, on the other hand, are located in the spray area forward of the stagnation line such that they would deflect the oncoming spray down and aftward, thereby producing a reaction force that reduces the total resistance. An experimental study reported that the V-shaped spray interceptors to reduce the total resistance at low planing speed by up to 4%. This paper features a numerical comparison of two planing craft, one equipped with a conventional setup of longitudinal spray rails and the other with a V-shaped spray interceptor. Both configurations were simulated in calm water conditions and were free to pitch and heave in a speed range of Fr∇ = 1.776 to 3.108. The numerical model was analyzed for grid sensitivity and numerical results were compared with experimental results. The two concepts were compared in terms of total resistance, lift, running position and wetted surface area. Conventional spray rails were shown to account for up to 5.6% of total lift and up to 6.5% of total resistance. The V-shaped spray interceptor was shown to reduce the total resistance by up to 8%. Since the V-shaped spray interceptor was located in the spray area forward of the stagnation line, it deflected the oncoming spray thereby producing a horizontal reaction force (-1.5% of RTM) in the direction of the craft’s motion. The rest of differences in the total resistance of the hulls equipped with the conventional spray rails and the V-shaped spray rails was due to absence of the resistance of the absent spray rails.

scholarly journals The emission of electrons under the influence of chemical action

1931 ◽  
Vol 132 (819) ◽  
pp. 22-50 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Contact Potential Difference ◽  
Potential Difference ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Low Pressures ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The present investigation is a continuation of the researches on the emission of electrons under the influence of chemical action listed in the footnote. In the remainder of this paper these publications will be referred to by the numbers assigned to them in this list. All the experiments to be described were made with a liquid alloy of the composition NaK 2 , which has the lowest melting point of all the alloys of sodium and potassium, under the action of phosgene gas (COCi 2 ). At the beginning the pre-existing situation was carefully reviewed. It was felt that the most important point was to determine the energy distribution of the emitted electrons at pressures of COCl 2 less than 10 -4 mm. with as much accuracy and down to as low pressures as possible. In (6) it had only been found possible to make rough estimates of this energy distribution owing to troublesome variations in the contact potential difference between the electrodes which it was impossible to control. Another unsatisfactory feature of (6) was the “clean-up” effect of the alloy on the reacting gas. This made the real values of the pressures very uncertain, particularly at the lower pressures, so much so that the values were only given in the paper as upper limits.

A proof of superlensing in the quasistatic regime, and limitations of superlenses in this regime due to anomalous localized resonance

2005 ◽  
Vol 461 (2064) ◽  
pp. 3999-4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme W Milton ◽  
Nicolae-Alexandru P Nicorovici ◽  
Ross C McPhedran ◽  
Viktor A Podolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Rigorous Proof ◽  
Field Magnitude ◽  
Resonant Region ◽  
Quasistatic Regime

Enlarging upon work of Nicorovici, McPhedran & Milton ( Nicorovici et al . 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 (12), 8479–8482), a rigorous proof is given that in the quasistatic regime a cylindrical superlens can successfully image a dipole line source in the limit as the loss in the lens tends to zero. In this limit it is proved that the field magnitude diverges to infinity in two sometimes overlapping annular anomalously locally resonant regions, one of which extends inside the lens and the other of which extends outside the lens. The wavelength of the oscillations in the locally resonant regimes is set by the geometry and the loss, and goes to zero as the loss goes to zero. If the object or source being imaged responds to an applied field it is argued that it must lie outside the resonant regions to be successfully imaged. If the image is being probed it is argued that the resonant regions created by the probe should not surround the tip of the probe. These conditions taken together make it difficult to directly probe the potential in the near vicinity of the image of a source or object having small extent. The corresponding quasistatic results for the slab lens are also derived. If the source is too close to the slab lens, i.e. lying within the resonant region, then the power dissipation in the lens tends to infinity as the loss goes to zero, which makes the lens impractical for imaging such quasistatic sources. Perfect imaging in a cylindrical superlens is shown to extend to the static equations of magnetoelectricity or thermoelectricity, provided they have a special structure which makes these equations equivalent to the quasistatic equations.

The Time Perception in Contemporary

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S717-S717
Author(s):  
D.F. Burgese ◽  
D.P. Bassitt ◽  
D. Ceron-Litvoc ◽  
G.B. Liberali
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Processes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
The Relationship

With the advent of new technologies, the man begins to experience a significant change in the perception of the other, time and space. The acceleration of time promoted by new technology does not allow the exercise of affection for the consolidation of ties, relations take narcissists hues seeking immediate gratification and the other is understood as a continuation of the self, the pursuit of pleasure. It is the acceleration of time, again, which leads man to present the need for immediate, always looking for the new – not new – in an attempt to fill an inner space that is emptied. The retention of concepts and pre-stressing of temporality are liquefied, become fleeting. We learn to live in the world and the relationship with the other in a frivolous and superficial way. The psychic structure, facing new phenomena experienced, loses temporalize capacity and expand its spatiality, it becomes pathological. Post-modern inability to retain the past, to analyze the information received and reflect, is one of the responsible for the mental illness of today's society. From a temporality range of proper functioning, the relationship processes with you and your peers will have the necessary support to become viable and healthy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Experimental researches in electricity: Twelfth series

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electric Conduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Inductive Charge ◽  
Perfect Conduction

The object of the present series of researches is to examine how far the principal general facts in electricity are explicable on the theory adopted by the author, and detailed in his last memoir, re­lative to the nature of inductive action. The operation of a body charged with electricity, of either the positive or negative kind, on other bodies in its vicinity, as long as it retains the whole of its charge, may be regarded as simple induction , in contradistinction to the effects which follow the destruction of this statical equilibrium, and imply a transit of the electrical forces from the charged body to those at a distance, and which comprehend the phenomena of the electric discharge . Having considered, in the preceding paper, the process by which the former condition is established, and which consists in the successive polarization of series of contiguous particles of the interposed insulating dielectric; the author here proceeds to trace the process, which, taking place consequently on simple induction, terminates in that sudden, and often violent interchange of electric forces constituting disruption , or the electric discharge. He investigates, by the application of his theory, the gradual steps of transition which may be traced between perfect insulation on the one hand, and perfect conduction on the other, derived from the varied degrees of specific electric relations subsisting among the particular substances interposed in the circuit: and from this train of reasoning he deduces the conclusion that induction and conduction not only depend essentially on the same principles, but that they may be regarded as being of the same nature, and as differing merely in degree. The fact ascertained by Professor Wheatstone, that electric conduction, even in the most perfect conductors, as the metals, requires for its completion a certain appreciable time, is adduced in corrobo­ration of these views; for any retardation, however small, in the transmission of electric forces can result only from induction; the degree of retardation, and, of course, the time employed, being proportional to the capacity of the particles of the conducting body for retaining a given intensity of inductive charge. The more perfect insulators, as lac, glass and sulphur, are capable of retaining electri­city of high intensity; while, on the contrary, the metals and other excellent conductors, possess no power of retention when the in­tensity of the charge exceeds the lowest degrees. It would appear, however, that gases possess a power of perfect insulation, and that the effects generally referred to their capacity of conduction, are only the results of the carrying power of the charged particles either of the gas, or of minute particles of dust which may be present in them: and they perhaps owe their character of perfect insulators to their peculiar physical state, and to the condition of separation under which their particles are placed. The changes produced by heat on the conducting power of different bodies is not uniform; for in some, as sulphuret of silver and fluoride of lead, it is increased; while in others, as in the metals and the gases, it is diminished by an augmentation of temperature.

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