The secretion of enzymes into the pericellular environment

1975 ◽  
Vol 271 (912) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extracellular Release ◽  
Proteoglycan Degradation ◽  
Tissue Cells

Connective tissue cells are capable of both synthesizing and degrading the macromolecular components of the extracellular matrix. The degradation of proteoglycan and collagen has been shown to be associated with the extracellular release of proteolytic enzymes, some of which are of lysosomal origin. The identity in cartilage of two previously unrecognized proteases, capable of proteoglycan breakdown (CPGases), has recently been achieved by the use of a new assay for proteoglycan degradation. These enzymes have been shown to be synthesized and released in response to vitamin A. The third proteoglycan degrading enzyme of connective tissue cells, cathepsin D, has been located in the pericellular environment by trapping with specific antibody and the pattern of release studied in organ culture, experimental arthritis and in human rheumatoid tissues. The secretion of this enzyme and possibly also of the other CPGases is thought to be of importance in the local (pericellular) turnover of matrix macromolecules and, in association with collagenase, to be the cause of the excessive degradation in the pannus erosion of articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis.

THE APODEME COMPLEX OF THE FEMORAL CHORDOTONAL ORGAN IN THE METATHORACIC LEG OF THE LOCUST SCHISTOCERCA GREGARIA

1992 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M.J. SHELTON ◽  
R. O. STEPHEN ◽  
J. J.A. SCOTT ◽  
A. R. TINDALL
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Acid Fuchsin ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Direct Continuation ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Tissue Cells

The mechanical connections of the metathoracic femoral chordotonal organ (mtFCO) with its insertion at the femoro-tibial joint are described. The apodeme complex is shown to consist of a distal cuticular rod that is replaced proximally by dorsal and ventral ligaments. The dorsal ligament is a direct continuation of the distal rod but proximally it is replaced by ligamentous cells. The ventral ligament has no cuticular core and consists of ligamentous cells throughout its length. The ligaments are composed of bundles of connective tissue cells that are each enclosed in an extracellular matrix containing acid-fuchsin-staining fibrils. Internally the cells are packed with microtubules. During extension and flexion of the joint, the two ligaments move differentially. During passive extension of the tibia, the ventral ligament remains taut but the dorsal one buckles to form a slack loop. Direct observation of living preparations shows that the loop is first detectable during extension of the tibia at joint angles greater than about 51°. During flexion, the loop gradually tightens and disappears. It has completely disappeared at joint angles of less than about 36°. Changes in loop shape were demonstrable using preparations in which the tibia was moved sinusoidally ±10° about a mean femoro-tibial angle of 90° and photographs were taken using phase-locked illumination. Other details of the apodeme complex are described and the significance of the findings is discussed in relation to mtFCO function.

scholarly journals CLINICAL EVALUATION OF VAITARANA BASTI ALONG WITH DHANWANTARA TAILA MATRA BASTI IN AMAVATA: A CASE SERIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Sheetal G Lodha ◽  
Ruchika S Karade
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
The Common

Amavata is one of the common and most crippling joint disorders. It is a chronic, degenerative disease of the connective tissue mainly involving the joints. The clinical features of Amavata such as pain, swelling and stiffness of joints, fever and general disability are very much close to the Rheumatological disorder called rheumatoid arthritis. Ama associated with aggravated vata plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of Amavata. According to its pathophysiology, one should treat the morbid doshas involve in are kapha and vata simultaneously. In the present study, four clinically diagnosed cases of Amavata with swelling of knee joints and morning stiffness , pain in multiple joints, raised rheumatoid factor and anti CCP factor are treated with Vaitarana basti along with Dhanwantara taila Matra basti on same day and changes are observed in subjective and objective criteria. Significant improvement is observed in reducing signs and symptoms of Amavata and in rheumatoid arthritis factor and anti CCP. Vaitarana basti eradicate Ama and kapha dosha as the drugs of Vaitarana basti having Ama pachaka, vatakapha shamaka and Anulomaka properties. On the other hand, Matra basti of Dhanwantara taila pacifies the vatadosha and reduced the pain and swelling. It also acts as neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-paralytic. The combination of Vaitarana basti and Dhanwantara taila Matra basti can be an effective treatment for Amavata.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting IL-1-Mediated Collagen Metabolism By Fibroblasts and the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease: A Review of the Literature

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Havemose-Poulsen ◽  
Palle Holmstrup
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

Fibroblasts have been studied extensively for their contribution to connective tissue destruction in diseases where the metabolism of extracellular matrix components plays an essential part in their pathogenesis. A considerable dissolution, especially of collagen fibrils, is a well-known characteristic of the periodontal ligament and the gingival connective tissue in microbial-induced periodontal disease. Fibroblasts, responsible for the assembly of the extracellular matrix, are capable of responding directly to oral microbial challenges or indirectly, following activation of the host immune response, and can alter the composition of connective tissue in several ways: synthesis of inflammatory mediators, their receptors and antagonists; fibroblast proliferation; collagen synthesis; phagocytosis of collagen fibrils; and synthesis of proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases and their corresponding inhibitors. The contributions of these cellular fibroblastic properties to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease are reviewed in the context of the cytokine, interleukin-1, as the inflammatory regulator.

Layered, zippered and buttoned: the importation of Hebrew into "Dos Yidishe Vort"

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zelda Kahan Newman
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Material ◽  
The Third ◽  
Productive Process

AbstractThis paper examines the ways in which Biblical, rabbinic and the Hebrew of modern Israel are imported into the Yiddish publication Dos Yidishe Vort. Three strategies are examined. The first strategy, "layering", occurs when the imported Hebrew elements appear without their connective tissue. We examine the cases when this can be done easily. The second strategy, "zippering", occurs when there is a 1:1 alignment between the morphemes of the two languages. In such cases, a text can, and does, slip easily from one language to the other. The third strategy, "buttoning", occurs when the host language incorporates the foreign elements by creating a structure that "nativizes" the foreign element and thereby draws it into the host language. This productive process sometimes stretches and sometimes shrinks the original material.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Increased matrix gene expression by glucose in rat neural connective tissue cells in culture

Diabetes ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Muona ◽  
J. Peltonen ◽  
S. Jaakkola ◽  
J. Uitto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Matrix Gene ◽  
Tissue Cells

Retroaktive Neuverhandlung

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Martin Feige
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
The Third ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Relationship

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage historischer Folgeverhältnisse in der Kunst. Gegenüber dem Gedanken, dass es ein ursprüngliches Werk in der Reihe von Werken gibt, das späteren Werken seinen Sinn gibt, schlägt der Text vor, das Verhältnis umgekehrt zu denken: Im Lichte späterer Werke wird der Sinn früherer Werke neu ausgehandelt. Dazu geht der Text in drei Schritten vor. Im ersten Teil formuliert er unter der Überschrift ›Form‹ in kritischer Abgrenzung zu Danto und Eco mit Adorno den Gedanken, dass Kunstwerke eigensinnig konstituierte Gegenstände sind. Die im Gedanken der Neuverhandlung früherer Werke im Lichte späterer Werke vorausgesetzte Unbestimmtheit des Sinns von Kunstwerken wird im zweiten Teil unter dem Schlagwort ›Zeitlichkeit‹ anhand des Paradigmas der Improvisation erörtert. Der dritte und letzte Teil wendet diese improvisatorische Logik unter dem Label ›Neuaushandlung‹ dann dezidiert auf das Verhältnis von Vorbild und Nachbild an. The article proposes a new understanding of historical succession in the realm of art. In contrast to the idea that there is an original work in the series of works that gives meaning to the works that come later, the text proposes to think it exactly the other way round: in the light of later works, the meanings of earlier works are renegotiated. The text proceeds in three steps to develop this idea. Under the heading ›Form‹ it develops in the first part a critical reading of Danto’s and Eco’s notion of the constitution of the artworks and argues with Adorno that each powerful work develops its own language. In the second part, the vagueness of the meaning of works of art presupposed in the idea of renegotiating earlier works in the light of later works is discussed under the term ›Temporality‹ in terms of the logic of improvisation. The third and final part uses this improvisational logic under the label ›Renegotiation‹ to understand the relationship between model and afterimage in the realm of art.

Features of the course and treatment of glaucoma during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-184
Author(s):  
T. V. Chernyakova ◽  
A. Yu. Brezhnev ◽  
I. R. Gazizova ◽  
A. V. Kuroyedov ◽  
A. V. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Laser Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
Hypotensive Therapy ◽  
Eye Pressure

In the review we have integrated all up-to-date knowledge concerning clinical course and treatment of glaucoma among pregnant women to help specialists choose a proper policy of treatment for such a complicated group of patients. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease. It rarely occurs among childbearing aged women. Nevertheless the probability to manage pregnant patients having glaucoma has been recently increasing. The situation is complicated by the fact that there are no recommendations on how to treat glaucoma among pregnant women. As we know, eye pressure is progressively going down from the first to the third trimester, so we often have to correct hypotensive therapy. Besides, it is necessary to take into account the effect of applied medicines on mother health and evaluate possible teratogenic complications for a fetus. The only medicine against glaucoma which belongs to category B according to FDA classification is brimonidine. Medicines of the other groups should be prescribed with care. Laser treatment or surgery may also be a relevant decision when monitoring patients who are planning pregnancy or just bearing a child. Such treatment should be also accompanied by medicines.

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