Ferritin crystals in the gut caeca of stegocephaloides christianiensis boeck and other stegocephalidae (amphipoda gammaridea): a functional interpretation

1984 ◽  
Vol 306 (1127) ◽  
pp. 219-245 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Functional Interpretation ◽  
The Family

Iron-rich octahedral crystals have been described by the senior author in the gut caeca cells of the amphipod Stegocephaloides christianiensis . The present investigation revealed their presence in other species in the family Stegocephalidae ( Bathystegocephalus inflatus , Euandania ingens , Parandania boecki , Stegocephaloides auratus , S. vanhojfeni , Stegocephalus inflatus , Phippsiella spp. and Parandaniexis sp. (cf. mirabilis ). Crystals were not found in Andaniopsis nordlandica , T etradeion crassum or Andaniexis abyssi , although the latter gave a tissue reaction for iron. Fe cells contain only a single crystal each in all species and crystals consistently increased in size proximally in each caecum. The most distal region of the caecum was devoid of crystals. Detailed work was confined to Stegocephaloides christianiensis , Stegocephalus inflatus and Parandaniexis sp. (cf. mirabilis ). Caecum ultrastructure of S. christianiensis is described: two cell facies (R /F and B cells) are distinguishable. R /F cells (=Fe cells) are columnar, with a terminal brush-border of long microvilli. Lipid globules, glycogen, Fe crystals and Ca granules are found in these cells. B-cells have a luminal border of short, stubby microvilli with an apical complex of membrane-bound vesicles of varying degrees of coalescence. The composition of the Fe crystals has been described using X -ray microprobe analysis. Strong Fe peaks were revealed together with minor peaks for Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cu and Zn. These elements were identified in the surrounding cytoplasm also. Crystal composition is homogeneous with no separate core. The crystal consists of hexagonally arranged, electron dense cores of 5.8 + 0.3 nm diameter at intercore distances of 10.5 ± 0.5 nm, 7.5 + 0.5 nm and 9.5 + 0.5 nm. Wide angle electron diffraction analysis of the cores gave four rings with d spacings of 0.250, 0.223, 0.191 and 0.145 nm (all + 0.003 nm). On these bases the substance of the crystals is identified as ferritin. Ferritin crystals are voided in the faeces of Stegocephaloides christianiensis , suggesting a role in iron excretion, perhaps as part of a body content regulation process. The content of iron in S. christianiensis and a variety of other inshore Amphipoda has been investigated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Iron content was non-linearly related to body dry mass in S. christianiensis and cannot simply be explained as a consequence of surface adsorption. Iron levels in S. christianiensis were higher than in many other species investigated. The morphology of the mouthparts of S. christianiensis has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Analyses of fresh stomach contents revealed cnidarian nematocysts which corresponded in size and form with those from Adamsia carciniopados , Pennatula phosphorea and Hydractinia echinata . Behavioural observations on live S. christianiensis suggested that Pennatula was a likely prey item. Investigations of a range of Cnidaria and of a few known predators of cnidarians ( Pycnogonum , Hyperia ) confirmed that the discharged acontia of Adamsia and the soft tissues of Pennatula contained unusually high concentrations of iron. It is proposed that the production and expulsion of ferritin crystals by S. christianiensis and other cnidarian-consuming species in the family Stegocephalidae represents an iron regulation system in animals experiencing a dietary iron challenge.

scholarly journals Curculionids in the diet of the white-quilled korhaan: more than just food?

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
O. B. Kok ◽  
S.v.d. M. Louw ◽  
A. C. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Accessory Function ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern Cape ◽  
Relative Hardness ◽  
Mixed Feeder ◽  
Prey Items

Analyses of 326 white-quilled korhaan (Eupodotis afraoides) stomach contents collected in the Free State and Northern Cape over a period of 20 years (1984-2004) showed this species to be a mixed feeder concentrating mainly on insects. Based on dry mass prey items of the Isoptera and Coleoptera form the bulk of the diet. According to frequency of occurrence coleopterans, more specifically members of the family Curculionidae, are utilised most often. Indications are that the curculionids, owing to their size and relative hardness of the exoskeleton, fulfil an accessory function with regard to the physical breakdown of coarse food items in the muscular stomach.

scholarly journals Osteoid Osteoma of the Atlas in a Boy: Clinical and Imaging Features–A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide Valluzzi ◽  
Salvatore Donatiello ◽  
Graziana Gallo ◽  
Monica Cellini ◽  
Antonino Maiorana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Osteoid Osteoma ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
First Case ◽  
Upper Cervical

AbstractOsteoid osteoma is a benign osteoblastic tumor, quite uncommon in the spine. We report a case of an osteoid osteoma involving the atlas in a 6-year-old boy, who presented with suboccipital pain and torticollis. Initial radiological findings were ambiguous as magnetic resonance imaging showed mainly edema of upper cervical soft tissues. The subsequent computed tomography depicted a lesion of left lamina of C1. As conservative treatment failed, the lesion was surgically resected and the patient became pain free. To our knowledge, this is the first case of osteoid osteoma involving the atlas associated with abnormal soft tissue reaction reported in literature.

scholarly journals Effect of Fermented Feed on the Microbial Population of the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Pigs

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3071-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren� L. van Winsen ◽  
Bert A. P. Urlings ◽  
Len J. A. Lipman ◽  
Jos M. A. Snijders ◽  
David Keuzenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
The Family ◽  
Colon And Rectum

ABSTRACT An in vivo experiment was performed with pigs to study the inhibitory effect of fermented feed on the bacterial population of the gastrointestinal tract. Results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between pH and lactobacilli in the stomach contents of pigs in dry feed as well as in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the pH and the numbers of bacteria in the familyEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach of pigs fed dry feed was found. In the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed, a significant negative correlation was found between the concentration of the undissociated form of lactic acid and the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae. The numbers ofEnterobacteriaceae in the contents of the stomach, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum of pigs fed fermented feed were significantly lower compared with the contents of the stomach, ileum, caecum, colon, and rectum of pigs fed dry feed. The numbers of total lactobacilli were significantly higher in the stomach contents of pigs fed fermented feed and in the ileum contents of one pig group fed fermented feed compared with the contents of pigs fed dry feed. However, the influence of lactobacilli on numbers of Enterobacteriaceae could not be demonstrated. It was concluded that fermented feed influences the bacterial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Potential use of ash from sugarcane bagasse to produce passion fruit seedlings

2020 ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
Henrique Guimarães de Favare ◽  
Sandra da Costa Preisigke ◽  
Leonarda Grillo Neves ◽  
Kelly Lana Araújo ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Family ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Potential Use

The production of good quality passion fruit seedlings depends on substrates with adequate physical and chemical characteristics. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of doses of ash from burning of sugarcane bagasse on improvement of traits of the substrate "gully soil". The experiment was set up in a greenhouse and arranged in randomized block design, in a 2x7x2 factorial scheme. The following factors and their respective levels were studied: (i) soil structure,- aggregating between 4 and 10 mm and <2 mm; (ii) ash doses - 0; 1.5; 3; 6; 12; 24; and 48 t ha-1; (iii) families of passion fruit - F29 and F48. The use of ash combined to the soil with structure <2mm significantly increased the production of shoot fresh mass and shoot dry mass for both families studied. The density of the substrate obtained by the mixture of ash and gully soil (soil) decreased as ash doses increased, regardless of the size of the aggregates and the family studied.

scholarly journals Diversity of ants and mites in the diet of the Brazilian frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta (Anura: Microhylidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Lopes ◽  
Ricardo S. Bovendorp ◽  
Gilberto José de Moraes ◽  
Alexandre Reis Percequillo ◽  
Jaime Bertoluci
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Prey Category ◽  
Food Items ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract We describe here the diet of the microhylid frog Chiasmocleis leucosticta based on the stomach contents of 72 individuals (47 males and 25 females) collected in pitfall traps at the Reserva Florestal de Morro Grande, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. We identified 1,981 food items distributed in 13 prey categories of arthropods, mainly ants, mites and collembolans. Formicidae was the most abundant and frequent prey category, including 16 genera from seven subfamilies, and data on ant availability in the habitat suggest that C. leucosticta selects ants actively. The second main prey category was Acari, predominantly represented by mites of the suborder Oribatida. This is the first work identifying mites to the family level in the diet of a Microhylidae. There was no statistical difference between males and females regarding diet composition.

scholarly journals Low/High-risk Earmolds: New Technologies and their Application from 2019 to the Present

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Barbero A ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sound Feedback ◽  
Very High

Until 2019, hearing aid molds were made with silicones that copied the shape of the ear, creating a positive and a negative mold to reproduce the shape and volume in cubic centimeters of the ear. This system had the disadvantage of lack of precision. Due to the pressure of the silicones during their placement in the ear, the soft tissues are deformed. This is especially important when the deafness is severe or profound. Because a very high sound power is required and sound leakage occurs. That leaking sound is feedback into the hearing aid microphone and generates a “Larsen effect.” Patients describe this sound feedback as very high-pitched beeps from the hearing aid that can be heard by family and others close to them. During the time that the hearing aid is whistling, the user loses information and hearing, as well as being annoying for the family. In the case of high-powered hearing aids, it is difficult to balance the sound leakage that generates the “Larsen effect” and the excessive pressure that forms the canal. Also bear in mind that the user of this type of hearing aid uses it all day, so a little discomfort translates into anguish and nervousness. This is not an easy task for the audiologist, nor for the laboratory technician making ear molds. They are known by the technicians as “High Risk Feedback Molds”. Recently, 3D laser light measurement has been used for measurements. By not having contact with the skin, this new technique allows the tissues not to deform. And it gives us a view from inside the ear (and this is another novelty) because they are done by means of a small probe that acts as a laser beam that we introduce into the ear canal itself.

scholarly journals Diet and foraging behavior of Ageneiosus inermis (Teleostei, Auchenipteridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Tiago Magalhães da Silva Freitas ◽  
William Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Bruno da Silveira Prudente ◽  
Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Pelagic Species ◽  
Bottom Substrate ◽  
Xingu River ◽  
The Family ◽  
In The Wild

Ageneiosus inermis is the largest species of the family Auchenipteridae (Siluriformes) and has a primarily piscivorous diet, although no comprehensive data are available on the habitat use of this species. Given this, the present study describes the diet of A. inermis, and provides inferences on its habitat use, based on the known behavior of its prey species. We analyzed the stomach contents of 14 specimens collected in the middle of Xingu River in the Brazilian state of Pará, which we complemented with data on 47 other specimens obtained from two published studies. Most of the ingested items were fish associated with the bottom substrate and riverbanks. Although A. inermis is considered a pelagic species, we conclude it forages by exploring the river’s bottom and margins. Furthermore, as A. inermis is presumed to be diurnal, we assume that it does not pursue its prey actively, given that most of the prey species are nocturnal, but rather searches actively during the daytime for prey hidden in the bottom substrate. This hypothesis on the feeding strategy of A. inermis can only be confirmed by underwater observations, either in the wild or under captive conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological indexese macro- and micronutrients in plant tissue and essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution with variation in N, P, K and Mg levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F.S. David ◽  
M.M. Mischan ◽  
M.O.M. Marques ◽  
C.S.F. Boaro
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Mentha piperita L. is an aromatic and medicinal species of the family Lamiaceae, known as mint or peppermint, and its leaves and branches produce essential oil rich in menthol. This study aimed to evaluate physiological indexes, macro- and micronutrients inthe shootsand essential oil of Mentha piperita L. grown in nutrient solution number 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950) with different N, P, K and Mg levels. Shoot length, dry mass of the different organs, total dry mass, leaf area, essential oil yield and composition, and macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, S) and micronutrient (Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn) contents in the shoot were evaluated. Plants treated with 65%N/50%P/25%K/100%Mg had a tendency towards longer shoot, greaterroot and leaf blade dry masses, higher essential oil yield, higher menthol levels and lower menthone levels. The results showed that Mentha can be grown in nutrient solution by reducing 65% N, 50% P, 25% K and 100% Mg. This solution had better development compared to the other tested treatments. Therefore,we recommendMentha piperita L. to be grown with such nutrient levels.

scholarly journals KOMPOSISI MAKANAN (DIET) DUA SPESIES KODOK BUFO MELANOSTICTUS, SCHNEIDER (1799) DAN BUFO ASPER, GRAVENHORST (1829) DI DARATAN TINGGI DAN DATARAN RENDAH SUMATERA BARAT

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meliya Wati ◽  
Yosmed Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Bufo Melanostictus ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Duttaphrynus Melanostictus ◽  
The Family ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
West Sumatra

An abiotic factor is one of the different factors in the composition of food, including frogs. The purpose of this research was to determine the composition of the diet or the food and habitat Two Toads Species Bufo (Phrynoides) asper and Bufo (Duttaphrynus) melanostictus in the Highlands and Lowlands of West Sumatra. The sampling used direct collecting method on the site (Ruler and Iskandar, 2003) and research method refers to methods of Sole et.al. (2005) by analyzing the stomach contents of frogs and counting the number and type of animals eaten. Results of the analysis describes the comparison of animals eaten by frog based on the type and location of the research. The results show that the composition of the highest food contained in the stomach B. melanostictus derived from Plateau. Most insects eaten by frogs are ordo of Hymenoptera of the family Formicidae. Food composition ratio between the two frog species show that B melanostictus has the highest food composition compared to B. asper.

scholarly journals Looking for the key to preservation of fossil marine vertebrates in the Pisco Formation of Peru: new insights from a small dolphin skeleton

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Gioncada ◽  
Karen Gariboldi ◽  
Alberto Collareta ◽  
Claudio Di Celma ◽  
Giulia Bosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Outer Edge ◽  
Pisco Formation ◽  
Diagenetic Minerals ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Fossil Preservation ◽  
Redox Boundary ◽  
Mn Oxides

The upper Neogene Pisco Formation of Peru is known worldwide as one of the most significant Cenozoic marine vertebrate Konservatt-Lagerstätten, even featuring cetacean specimens that retain remains of soft tissues or stomach contents. Previous works showed that biomediated precipitation of dolomite concretions around large-sized decaying carcasses was one of the most relevant processes responsible for exceptional fossil preservation. In turn, little is known about the modes of fossilization of well-preserved small-sized vertebrates, which are rather common in the Pisco Formation, but mostly do not exhibit dolomite concretions. We report on a cetacean specimen, identified as belonging to the extinct short-snouted, small dolphin species Brachydelphis mazeasi (Pontoporiidae), preserved within a late Miocene sandy deposit at the site of Pampa Corre Viento. This specimen consists of a moderately disarticulated partial skeleton exhibiting well-mineralized bones; it is not enclosed within a dolomite concretion, being however delimited by an evident dark boundary in the host sediment. Scanning electron microscopy and microanalytical investigations identify Mn-oxides and apatite as early diagenetic minerals around the skeleton. We argue that a rapid burial of the specimen was pivotal for the preservation of the bones, and allowed the early establishment of anoxic processes for degradation of organic matter. Coupled with availability of P in porewater, the reducing conditions and the lowered pH allowed precipitation of Ca-phosphate while increasing Mn solubility close to the pontoporiid carcass. Mn-oxides precipitated at the redox boundary, the latter defining the outer edge of the volume of sediment affected by altered chemical conditions due to the decaying processes. The permeability of the sediment and the small size of the carcass were possible factors unfavorable to extensive sulfate reduction, thus preventing the formation of a dolomite concretion and allowing bone phosphatization. This record emphasizes the role of conditions favorable to bone mineralization in absence of an isolating carbonate concretion, in cases of high quality preservation of small-sized vertebrates observed in the Pisco Formation. The observation of patterns in the distribution of diagenetic minerals in the sediment enclosing vertebrate remains without, or with limited carbonate concretions provides insights into early taphonomic processes.

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