scholarly journals Inland capture fisheries

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2881-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Welcomme ◽  
Ian G. Cowx ◽  
David Coates ◽  
Christophe Béné ◽  
Simon Funge-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North And South ◽  
Land Use Practices

The reported annual yield from inland capture fisheries in 2008 was over 10 million tonnes, although real catches are probably considerably higher than this. Inland fisheries are extremely complex, and in many cases poorly understood. The numerous water bodies and small rivers are inhabited by a wide range of species and several types of fisher community with diversified livelihood strategies for whom inland fisheries are extremely important. Many drivers affect the fisheries, including internal fisheries management practices. There are also many drivers from outside the fishery that influence the state and functioning of the environment as well as the social and economic framework within which the fishery is pursued. The drivers affecting the various types of inland water, rivers, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands may differ, particularly with regard to ecosystem function. Many of these depend on land-use practices and demand for water which conflict with the sustainability of the fishery. Climate change is also exacerbating many of these factors. The future of inland fisheries varies between continents. In Asia and Africa the resources are very intensely exploited and there is probably little room for expansion; it is here that resources are most at risk. Inland fisheries are less heavily exploited in South and Central America, and in the North and South temperate zones inland fisheries are mostly oriented to recreation rather than food production.

scholarly journals Social Condition of England during the Wars of the Roses

1902 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 159-200
Author(s):  
Vincent B. Redstone
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
English History ◽  
Class A ◽  
The North ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wars Of The Roses ◽  
Social Habits ◽  
North And South ◽  
Better Than

The social life of the inhabitants of England during the years of strife which brought about the destruction of the feudal nobility, gave to the middle class a new position in the State, and freed the serf from the shackles of bondage, has been for some time past a subject of peculiar interest to the student of English history. If we desire to gain an accurate knowledge of the social habits and customs prevalent during this period of political disturbance, we cannot do better than direct our attention towards that part of the country which was the least affected by the contest between the Houses of York and Lancaster, the eastern district of England, which since the days of King John had enjoyed a remarkable immunity from civil war. Here the powerful lords of the North and South found little support; the vast estates of the old feudal barons were broken up into numerous independent manors. Moreover the arts of peace, in the shape of the mysteries of trade, manufactures, and commerce, widely flourished among the inhabitants of these regions.

Biodiversity, Social Actors and Networks Enlarging the Dialogues

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Charão MARQUES ◽  
Lidiane Fernandes Da LUZ ◽  
Rumi Regina KUBO
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Shared Beliefs ◽  
The North ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Coast Region

This paper presents an analysis of the social actors networking towards the feasibility of using native biodiversity for food production based on an empirical study conducted in South Brazil. Specifically, the North Coast Region has had a series of environmental problems resulting in conflicts on the use of resources. The search for solutions and public debate brought together farmers’ organizations, social movements, NGOs, government agencies, and academic groups. Recently, some of these actors established a common platform to raise food production based on native species of fruits giving rise to the ‘agrobiodiversity network’ in part by the activation of pre-existing networks but also requiring the entry of new players. On the other hand, forming agreements between different actors to consolidate the network has been difficult especially about the issue of rules that limit the access to native species and those that regulate food processing. The analysis has shown that the involved actors are amplifying the dialogues and collective learning processes thus building a common ground and shared beliefs.

The social cost of methane: theory and applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 429-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Shindell ◽  
J. S. Fuglestvedt ◽  
W. J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

Methane emissions contribute to global warming, damage public health and reduce the yield of agricultural and forest ecosystems. Quantifying these damages to the planetary commons by calculating the social cost of methane (SCM) facilitates more comprehensive cost-benefit analyses of methane emissions control measures and is the first step to potentially incorporating them into the marketplace. Use of a broad measure of social welfare is also an attractive alternative or supplement to emission metrics focused on a temperature target in a given year as it incentivizes action to provide benefits over a broader range of impacts and timescales. Calculating the SCM using consistent temporal treatment of physical and economic processes and incorporating climate- and air quality-related impacts, we find large SCM values, e.g. ∼$2400 per ton and ∼$3600 per ton with 5% and 3% discount rates respectively. These values are ∼100 and 50 times greater than corresponding social costs for carbon dioxide. Our results suggest that ∼110 of 140 Mt of identified methane abatement via scaling up existing technology and policy options provide societal benefits that outweigh implementation costs. Within the energy sector, renewables compare far better against use of natural gas in electricity generation when incorporating these social costs for methane. In the agricultural sector, changes in livestock management practices, promoting healthy diets including reduced beef and dairy consumption, and reductions in food waste have been promoted as ways to mitigate emissions, and these are shown here to indeed have the potential to provide large societal benefits (∼$50–150 billion per year). Examining recent trends in methane and carbon dioxide, we find that increases in methane emissions may have offset much of the societal benefits from a slowdown in the growth rate of carbon dioxide emissions. The results indicate that efforts to reduce methane emissions via policies spanning a wide range of technical, regulatory and behavioural options provide benefits at little or negative net cost. Recognition of the full SCM, which has typically been undervalued, may help catalyze actions to reduce emissions and thereby provide a broad set of societal benefits.

Guayaquil Through Independence: Urban Development in a Colonial System

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Conniff
Keyword(s):  
Large Measure ◽  
The North ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Industry And Commerce ◽  
Racially Mixed ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

In the 1530’s, as Mexico and then Peru began sending eastward the treasure which would so profoundly affect European life, the town of Guayaquil was established on the coast of present-day Ecuador. During the next three centuries Guayaquil developed into a society fundamentally different from and even antithetical to those of the great highland capitals. Agriculture, industry, and commerce, rather than mining, became the mainstays of Guayaquil’s economy. The decline of indigenous population on the coast and an influx of free Negroes from the north rendered an egalitarian and racially mixed people of low social differentiation. Cacao grown on the coastal lowlands provided the thrust for a wide range of trade and manufacturing activities. Yet tensions between location on a main imperial trade route and the stifling commercial control of nearby Lima resolved into a rough-and-tumble political system which thrived on contraband and autonomy. By the early nineteenth century Guayaquil had achieved a large measure of independence from Spain, and it played an important role in the liberation movements of western South America. After sketching the early development of the city, we will examine in some detail the system of labor and production in Guayaquil during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Then the city’s precocious autonomy within the colonial system will be discussed, prior to a concluding assessment of the social outcomes of Guayaquil’s development by the time of Independence.

Social Psychology and Physical Activity: A Senior Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Diane L. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical View ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
American Society

In taking a senior perspective, the author first steps back and offers an historical view and then offers her senior advice for moving forward. When the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA) was in its infancy (early 1970s), the psychology subarea was known as social psychology and physical activity, and our research largely followed social psychology theories and research methods. In subsequent developing years, our research split into sport psychology and exercise psychology, with more focused research lines that moved away from social psychology and physical activity. While the more focused research builds our evidence base, that research has little impact on the wide range of participants and professionals. To have greater impact, we can reclaim the “social,” and we can take a more inclusive view of physical activity. We must recognize and highlight the powerful and complex role of “social” context and relationships and directly engage with professionals and participants in those real-world settings. We need more scholars who partner with other (nonacademic) professionals, teach those future professionals, and engage with their community and the public to enhance our real-world impact.

The future contribution of the hills and uplands to agricultural output

1985 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
J. Eadie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
The Political ◽  
Future Contribution ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Scientific And Technical Information ◽  
The Social

AbstractThe brief from the organisers for this paper was to attempt to draw together the scientific and technical information presented at this meeting and to relate it to land use in the hills and uplands. This requires matters to be set in the context of the political and economic framework within which agriculture makes its contribution to food production, to the generation of economic activity and to the maintenance of the social fabric of the hills and uplands.

scholarly journals Controlled environment agriculture and containerized food production in northern North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Alex Wilkinson ◽  
Craig Gerlach ◽  
Meriam Karlsson ◽  
Henry Penn
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Controlled Environment Agriculture ◽  
Regional Food Systems

There is an ongoing debate about the role of con­trolled environment agriculture and containerized food production in local food systems in Northern North American communities. Some critics dismiss these applications as ineffective, arguing that because they marginalize certain populations they do not have a place in northern food systems. However, such critiques are premature and under­mine what may prove to be an important and com­plementary component of local and regional food systems in the north, particularly if designed and implemented in a culturally appropriate and place-based context. Containerized food production can offer enhanced food production capabilities for communities through year-round production. While there are still concerns about proper growing protocols, scalability, output, durability, and economics, these can be addressed, modified and improved through research and continued applica­tions. New opportunities requiring further explora­tion in the application of containerized food pro­duction systems include, but are not limited to, integrative systems design, the enhancement of community development initiatives, and the inte­gration of the social networks that are necessary for diversified local food production.

3. The work of slavery

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Heather Andrea Williams
Keyword(s):  
Slave Trade ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Textile Mills ◽  
The North ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
North And South ◽  
Meaningful Lives

‘The work of slavery’ describes the wide range of work and duties allocated to enslaved people—men, women, and children—in the North and South. From the 1600s to 1865 the vast majority worked in agriculture producing the cash crops that generated the wealth of the nation. The slave trade created mass consumer markets that traded sugarcane, sugar, rum, molasses, tobacco, indigo, coffee, rice, and cotton. Slavery also existed in urban spaces, where people worked in owner's homes and in commercial enterprises performing domestic duties or skilled work in factories and textile mills. Many enslaved people took great pride in their work—it sustained their egos and their need to have meaningful lives.

SOILS OF MARLBOROUGH

1962 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
H.S. Gibbs ◽  
C.G. Vucetich
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North And South ◽  
Soil Pattern ◽  
Selection Of

Marlborough is a particularly interesting province because it is the meeting ground for the soils and the farming from the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The central Awatere and Wairau districts have a landscape succession of coastal plains, downlands, hills, inland basins, and mountain slopes with similar soils, crops, and grassland usage to Canterbury. East and west of these districts the Kaikoura and Sounds regions have extensive areas resembling those of Wellington and Wairarapa hill country in soils, grassland farming, and forestry. Further contrast to the soil pattern is added by soils formed from basaltic, ultrabasic, and limestone rocks, which outcrop over small areas. After more than 100 years of settlement the land use has become related generally to the soils, but the connection could be much closer and to greater benefit, if the soil differences were better known and applied to the selection of farm practices. With the wide range of soil occurring in Marlborough, landowners need an understanding of their soils to select where best to apply experience from other districts and how to modify their practices to suit changing economic conditions.

Critical Epidemiology and the People's Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Breilh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Alternative Conceptions ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Health Determinants ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distributed Process ◽  
North And South

This book provides a groundbreaking approach to critical epidemiology for understanding the complexity of the health process and studying the social determination of health. It presents a powerful critique of Cartesian health sciences; the flaws of the “functional health determinants” model; and reductionist approaches to health statistics, qualitative research, and conventional health geography. It is a consolidated and well-sustained text that explains the role of social–gender–ethnic relations in the reproduction of health inequity, proposing a new paradigm with indispensible concepts and methodological means to develop a new understanding of health as a socially determined and distributed process. It combines the strengths of scientific traditions of the North and South to bring forward a new understanding and application of qualitative and quantitative (statistical) evidence that goes beyond the limits of conventional epidemiology—public and population health. The book presents alternative conceptions and tools for constructing deep prevention. It provides a neo-humanist conception of the role of health and life sciences that assumes critical, intercultural, and transdisciplinary thinking as a fundamental tool beyond the limiting elitist framework of positivist reasoning. It is an important source of fresh ideas and practical instruments for teaching, research, and agency, based on a renewed conception of the relation between nature, society, health, and environmental problems.

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