scholarly journals Stem cell therapy: an exercise in patience and prudence

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1609) ◽  
pp. 20110334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan-Ting Lin ◽  
Makoto Otsu ◽  
Hiromitsu Nakauchi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention

In recent times, the epigenetic study of pluripotency based on cellular reprogramming techniques led to the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells. It has come to represent the forefront of a new wave of alternative therapeutic approaches in the field of stem cell therapy. Progress in drug development has saved countless lives, but there are numerous intractable diseases where curative treatment cannot be achieved through pharmacological intervention alone. Consequently, there has been an unfortunate rise in incidences of organ failures, degenerative disorders and cancers, hence novel therapeutic interventions are required. Stem cells have unique self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capabilities that could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. Although a number of mature differentiated cells have been characterized in vitro , few have been demonstrated to function in a physiologically relevant context. Despite fervent levels of enthusiasm in the field, the reality is that other than the employment of haematopoietic stem cells, many other therapies have yet to be thoroughly proven for their therapeutic benefit and safety in application. This review shall focus on a discussion regarding the current status of stem cell therapy, the issues surrounding it and its future prospects with a general background on the regulatory networks underlying pluripotency.

scholarly journals The Review of Stem Cell Therapy in Nigeria: The Way Forward

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
C. Chukwunonyerem, Ogwunga ◽  
N. Mercy, Madubuike ◽  
C. Okechukwu, Josephat ◽  
U. Emmanuel, Nwakwasi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Way

Stem cells are unspecialized biological cells associated with self-renewal and proliferation abilities. Stem cell therapy involves the use of stem cells to deliver safe, effective, viable and consistent therapeutic interventions for debilitating health conditions. Many global researchers are striving to overcome the challenges associated with this therapy and Nigerians are not exempted from this struggle. As the country's health sector have suffered rigorous torments because of poor medical care and mismanagement of health facilities. However, it is expected that Nigeria should at least harbour one of the largest stem cell centres in Africa, to help cater for its citizens as well as non-citizens. Notwithstanding the ethical, financial, social, political, and religious challenges facing stem cell therapy in Nigeria, there is still hope for the nation’s health sector to strive past these hurdles in the coming years but only if priority is placed on the well-being of citizens rather than in the search for profit. Future stem cell research in Nigeria should include the treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases and will be of great importance if the government could harness stem cell therapy as a tool to boost its economy. Hence, this review paper focuses mainly on the present status of stem cell therapy in Nigeria and the way forward.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Stem Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Kestane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Long Time

This overview was evaluated by the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the stem cell therapy approach. DR is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels leading to progressive loss of vision. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated and not completely understood yet. The current treatment strategies have included medical, laser, intravitreal, and surgical approaches. It is known that the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which has a great potential, is promising for the treatment of many degenerative disorders, including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs were ameliorated retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Stem cell therapies show promise in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is very important to know which type of stem cell will be used in which situations, the amount of stem cells to be applied, the method of application, and its physiological/neurophysiological effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate this subject physiologically. After stem cell application, its safety and efficacy should be followed for a long time. In the near future, widespread application of regenerative stem cell therapy may be a standard treatment in DR.

scholarly journals Fetal liver mesenchymal stem cells restore ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency by targeting MT1

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boxian Huang ◽  
Chunfeng Qian ◽  
Chenyue Ding ◽  
Qingxia Meng ◽  
Qinyan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Apoptotic Genes

Abstract Background With the development of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering technology, almost all stem cell therapy is efficacious for the treatment of premature ovarian failure (POF) or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) animal models, whereas little stem cell therapy has been practiced in clinical settings. The underlying molecular mechanism and safety of stem cell treatment in POI are not fully understood. In this study, we explored whether fetal mesenchymal stem cells (fMSCs) from the liver restore ovarian function and whether melatonin membrane receptor 1 (MT1) acts as a regulator for treating POI disease. Methods We designed an in vivo model (chemotherapy-induced ovary damage) and an in vitro model (human ovarian granulosa cells (hGCs)) to understand the efficacy and molecular cues of fMSC treatment of POI. Follicle development was observed by H&E staining. The concentration of sex hormones in serum (E2, AMH, and FSH) and the concentration of oxidative and antioxidative metabolites and the enzymes MDA, SOD, CAT, LDH, GR, and GPx were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry (FACS) was employed to detect the percentages of ROS and proliferation rates. mRNA and protein expression of antiapoptotic genes (SURVIVIN and BCL2), apoptotic genes (CASPASE-3 and CASPASE-9), and MT1 and its downstream genes (JNK1, PCNA, AMPK) were tested by qPCR and western blotting. MT1 siRNA and related antagonists were used to assess the mechanism. Results fMSC treatment prevented cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced follicle loss and recovered sex hormone levels. Additionally, fMSCs significantly decreased oxidative damage, increased oxidative protection, improved antiapoptotic effects, and inhibited apoptotic genes in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, fMSCs also upregulated MT1, JNK1, PCNA, and AMPK at the mRNA and protein levels. With MT1 knockdown or antagonist treatment in normal hGCs, the protein expression of JNK1, PCNA, and AMPK and the percentage of proliferation were impaired. Conclusions fMSCs might play a crucial role in mediating follicular development in the POI mouse model and stimulating the activity of POI hGCs by targeting MT1.

scholarly journals Effects of nicotine on the translation of stem cell therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1679-1688
Author(s):  
Alex HP Chan ◽  
Ngan F Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Nicotine Exposure ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Lifestyle Choices

Although stem cell therapy has tremendous therapeutic potential, clinical translation of stem cell therapy has yet to be fully realized. Recently, patient comorbidities and lifestyle choices have emerged to be important factors in the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Tobacco usage is an important risk factor for numerous diseases, and nicotine exposure specifically has become increasing more prevalent with the rising use of electronic cigarettes. This review describes the effects of nicotine exposure on the function of various stem cells. We place emphasis on the differential effects of nicotine exposure in vitro and as well as in preclinical models. Further research on the effects of nicotine on stem cells will deepen our understanding of how lifestyle choices can impact the outcome of stem cell therapies.

Prospects for Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies in India

StemJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dinesh Boopalan ◽  
Ramanan Pandian ◽  
Gokul Kesavan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

Stem cells offer a promising therapeutic strategy to not only treat several incurable diseases but also regenerate damaged tissues. The current global boom in the field of stem cell and regenerative therapies had led to India becoming a global hotspot for stem cell-based therapies. In this review, we assess the current status of stem cell therapy trials in India and show that the bone marrow-derived stem cells, like mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), are predominantly used. Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials have also used MSCs to alleviate symptoms of severe novel coronavirus infections. Recent breakthroughs in gene editing technologies, combined with stem cell therapy, can be effectively harnessed to devise large-scale and affordable treatments for haematological diseases that are highly prevalent in India, like beta-thalassemia and sickle cell diseases. Innovations in stem cell therapy in India can make treatments more affordable to address the needs of in-country patients.

scholarly journals Neuronal Differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells: Progress So Far

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Moore ◽  
Heidi Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Regime

The nervous system is essential for normal physiological function of all systems within the human body. Unfortunately the nervous system has a limited capacity for self-repair and there are a plethora of disorders, diseases, and types of trauma that affect the central and peripheral nervous systems; however, current treatment modalities are unable to remedy them. Stem cell therapy using easily accessible mesenchymal stem cells, such as those found in the adipose stroma, has come to the fore in a number of biomedical disciplines as a potential therapeutic regime. In addition to substantial research already having been conducted on thein vitrodifferentiation of stem cells for the treatment of neurological repair, numerous strategies for the induction and culture of stem cells into terminal neural lineages have also been developed. However, none of these strategies have yet been able to produce a fully functional descendent suitable for use in stem cell therapy. Due to the positive effects that low level laser irradiation has shown in stem cell studies to date, we propose that it could enhance the processes involved in the differentiation of adipose derived stem cells into neuronal lineages.

scholarly journals Instant stem cell therapy: Characterization and concentration of human mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kasten ◽  
◽  
I Beyen ◽  
M Egermann ◽  
AJ Suda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

scholarly journals Stemness specificity of epithelial cells – application of cell and tissue technology in regenerative medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rojewska ◽  
Małgorzata Popis ◽  
Maurycy Jankowski ◽  
Dorota Bukowska ◽  
Paweł Antosik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epithelial Tissue

AbstractStem cells are cells that have the potential to replicate and/or differentiate, becoming any tissue. This process could be theoretically repeated indefinitely and can be used to create or fix damaged parts any organ. There are many in vivo factors that cause stem cells to replicate and differentiate. Many of these interactions and mechanisms are still unknown. In vitro models have been successful in inducing stem cells to differentiate into the desired lineage using controlled methods. Recently, epithelial tissue has been successfully created using scaffolds on which stem cells are grown in vitro and then transplanted into the host. This transition creates significant problems. This is because in vitro -grown stem cells or stem cell-derived tissues are created in an isolated environment where virtually every aspect can be monitored and controlled. In vivo monitoring and controlling is significantly more difficult for a plethora of reasons. Cells in the body are constantly exposed to many signals and molecules which affect them. Many of the mechanisms behind these interactions and reactions are known but many others are not. As the corpus of knowledge grows, stem cells become closer to being applied in a clinical setting. In this paper, we review the current evidence on stem cell therapy in regenerative medicine and some of the challenges this field faces.

Advances of Stem Cell Therapy to Treat Heart Failure

Nano LIFE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1941002
Author(s):  
Yanbin Fu ◽  
Zhiying He ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Novel Strategy

Stem cell therapy is being developed as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of heart-associated diseases. Several types of cells such as skeletal myoblasts, bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), adipose stem cells (ADSCs), cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been tested in pre-clinical and clinical cardiac repairing models. Fibroblasts, as terminally differentiated cells, could also be trans-differentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances of cell types, potential applications and challenges of stem cell therapy in the treatment of heart failure.

Effect of the Histone Deacetylases Inhibitors on the Differentiation of Stem Cells in Bone Damage Repairing and Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Kun Ji ◽  
Tiancong Wang ◽  
Guifeng Li ◽  
Wei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation

Tissue damage repairing and regeneration is a research hot topic. Tissue engineering arises at the historic moment which is a defect repair compound composed of seed cells, tissue engineering scaffolds, and inducing factors. Stem cells have a limited growth period in vitro culture, and they have a pattern of replicating ageing, and these disadvantages are limiting the applications of stem cells in basic research and clinical treatment. The enhancement of stem cell differentiation ability is a difficult problem to overcome, and it is possible to enhance the differentiation ability of stem cells through histone modification so as to provide a more robust foundation for damage repairing and regeneration. Studies have shown that Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors can improve mesenchymal stem cells in vitro induced in different directions, conversion efficiency, increasing the feasibility and safety of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, to offer reference to promote the stem cell therapy in clinical application. Therefore, this paper mainly focusing on the usage and achievements of the deacetylase inhibitors in stem cell differentiation studies and their use and prospects in repair of bone tissue defects.

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