SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in rt-PCR-positive cases: first report from India

Introduction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody responses remain poorly understood and the clinical utility of serological testing is still unclear. Aim. To understand the relationship between the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the demographics and cycle threshold (C t) values of confirmed RT-PCR patients. Methodology. A total of 384 serum samples were collected from individuals between 4–6 weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested for the development of immunoglobulin class G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2. The C t values, age, gender and symptoms of the patients were correlated with the development of antibodies. Results. IgG positivity was found to be 80.2 % (95 % CI, 76.2–84.2). Positivity increased with a decrease in the C t value, with the highest (87.6 %) positivity observed in individuals with C t values <20. The mean (±sd) C t values for IgG positives and negatives were 23.34 (±6.09) and 26.72 (±7.031), respectively. No significant difference was found for demographic characteristics such as age and sex and symptoms and antibody response. The current study is the first of its kind wherein we have assessed the correlation of the RT-PCR C t with the development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. Although C t values might not have any relation with the development of symptoms, they are associated with the antibody response among SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals.

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SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody responses in rt-PCR positive cases: first report from India

10.1101/2020.11.13.20229716 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Girish Chandra Dash ◽

Debaprasad Parai ◽

Hari Ram Choudhary ◽

Annalisha Peter ◽

Usha Kiran Rout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Infected Individual ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Ct Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses remain poorly understood and the clinical utility of serological testing is still unclear. As it is thought to confer some degree of immunity, this study is carried out to know the relationship between demographics and ct value of confirmed rt-PCR patients. A total of 384 serum samples were collected between 4-6 weeks after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. IgG positivity was found to be 80.2% (95% CI, 76.2 – 84.2). The IgG positivity increased with the decrease in the ct value, with highest of 87.6% positivity in individuals with <20 ct value. The mean (± SD) ct value of IgG positives and og IgG negatives was 23.34 (± 6.09) and 26.72 (± 7.031) respectively. There was no significant difference found between the demographic characteristics such as age, sex, symptoms and antibody response. The current study is first of its kind wherein we have assessed the correlation of ct of RT-PCR with development of IgG against SARS-CoV-2. Our study showed that although Ct value might not have any relation with severity of the diseases but is associated with the antibody response among the SARS-CoV-2 infected individual.

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Dynamics of the Magnitude, Breadth and Depth of the Antibody Response at Epitope Level Following Dengue Infection

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.686691 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Falconi-Agapito ◽

Karen Kerkhof ◽

Xiomara Merino ◽

Johan Michiels ◽

Marjan Van Esbroeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibody Response ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Time Points ◽

Secondary Infections

Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Since the Zika epidemic and the increased co-circulation of other arboviruses, the serology-based diagnosis of dengue has become more problematic due to the high antigenic resemblance, especially among the flavivirus family. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity, specificity and temporal evolution of the antibody response following dengue infection is needed. In order to close this knowledge gap, we used a high-density peptide microarray of 9,072 linear peptides covering the entire proteome diversity of dengue, Zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. The IgM and IgG antibody responses were measured against the designed microarray in symptomatic dengue infected individuals from an arbovirus endemic area in Peru and in overseas travelers returning to Belgium, as representatives of multiple-exposed and primary infections, respectively. Serum samples were collected longitudinally across four time points over the period of six months in Peru and over two time points in travelers. We show that epitopes eliciting the strongest flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies, in both primary and secondary infections were concentrated in the capsid, E, NS1, NS3 and NS5 proteins. The IgG antibody responses against NS1 and NS3 followed a rise-and-fall pattern, with peak titers between two to four weeks after onset of illness. The response to the E and NS5 proteins increased rapidly in the acute phase and was maintained at stable levels until at least 6 months after illness. A more scattered IgM antibody reactivity across the viral proteome was observed in the acute phase of the disease and that persisted through the 6-month window. The magnitude, breadth (i.e. number of unique epitopes targeted) and depth (i.e. number of epitope variants recognized) of the IgG response was higher in secondary infections compared to primary infections. For IgM antibodies, the magnitude of the response was higher in primary infected individuals whereas the breadth and depth of the response was lower in this group compared with the endemic subjects. Finally, through this arboviral proteome-wide epitope mapping, we were able to identify IgM and IgG dengue-specific epitopes which can be useful serological markers for dengue diagnosis and serostatus determination.

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Intracranial Pressure during External Ventricular Drainage Weaning Is an Outcome Predictor of Traumatic Brain Injury

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/8379134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Jia-cheng Gu ◽

Hong Wu ◽

Xing-zhao Chen ◽

Jun-feng Feng ◽

Guo-yi Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

External Ventricular Drainage ◽

Unfavorable Outcome ◽

Ventricular Drainage ◽

Outcome Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

External ventricular drainage (EVD) is widely used in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the EVD weaning trial protocol varies and insufficient studies focus on the intracranial pressure (ICP) during the weaning trial. We aimed to establish the relationship between ICP during an EVD weaning trial and the outcomes of TBI. We enrolled 37 patients with a TBI with an EVD from July 2018 to September 2019. Among them, 26 were allocated to the favorable outcome group and 11 to the unfavorable outcome group (death, post-traumatic hydrocephalus, persistent vegetative state, and severe disability). Groups were well matched for sex, pupil reactivity, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, Marshall computed tomography score, modified Fisher score, intraventricular hemorrhage, EVD days, cerebrospinal fluid output before the weaning trial, and the complications. Before and during the weaning trial, we recorded the ICP at 1-hour intervals to calculate the mean ICP, delta ICP, and ICP burden, which was defined as the area under the ICP curve. There were significant between-group differences in the age, surgery types, and intensive care unit days (p=0.045, p=0.028, and p=0.004, respectively). During the weaning trial, 28 (75.7%) patients had an increased ICP. Although there was no significant difference in the mean ICP before and during the weaning trial, the delta ICP was higher in the unfavorable outcome group (p=0.001). Moreover, patients who experienced death and hydrocephalus had a higher ICP burden, which was above 20 mmHg (p=0.016). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated the predictive ability of these variables (area under the curve AUC=0.818 [p=0.002] for delta ICP and AUC=0.758 [p=0.038] for ICP burden>20 mmHg). ICP elevation is common during EVD weaning trials in patients with TBI. ICP-related parameters, including delta ICP and ICP burden, are significant outcome predictors. There is a need for larger prospective studies to further explore the relationship between ICP during EVD weaning trials and TBI outcomes.

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Effects of Language Learning Strategies and Learners’ Motivation on Students’ Learning Achievement

International Journal of English Language Education ◽

10.5296/ijele.v3i2.8276 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hao-Yuan Cheng ◽

Nai-Ying Chang

Keyword(s):

Language Learning ◽

Learning Strategies ◽

Language Learning Strategies ◽

Course Performance ◽

Test Analysis ◽

New Information ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

<p>This study investigated whether learning strategies had made any impact on learners’ achievement and explored whether learning motivation was correlated with learning strategies. The participants of this study were the students from the EFL (English as a Foreign Language) intermediate level course at a college in Taiwan. The students were given a pretest and a posttest. The mean scores of these tests were compared with a SILL survey (Strategies Inventory for Language Learning) at the end of the investigation. The participants’ course performance was compared with their use of learning strategies. The assumption of the relationship between learning strategies and motivation is that motivated learners have a greater desire to seek out solutions or support from others and employ more strategies to process the new information. The results of this investigation revealed that only the memory strategies had a significant difference in the posttest of Group A on the independent sample t-test analysis.</p>

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The relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses

Clinical Ethics ◽

10.1177/14777509211040183 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147775092110401

Author(s):

Mahsa Dadkhah-Tehrani ◽

Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery

Keyword(s):

Personal Characteristics ◽

Codes Of Ethics ◽

Spearman Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Perceived Workload ◽

Professional Codes ◽

The Mean ◽

Professional Codes Of Ethics ◽

The Relationship

Background Many studies have investigated the adherence to professional codes of ethics by nurses. However, no study has explicitly examined the relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among Iranian nurses. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 213 nurses who were randomly selected from the different wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data collection instruments included a personal characteristics questionnaire, the Nursing Ethics Questionnaire, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. The Chi-square, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results A majority of nurses were females (77.5%), married (79.3%), and permanently employed (55.4%). The mean of the overall perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics were 76.36 ± 13.64 and 13.98 ± 2.58, that were at high and moderated level, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed no significant correlation between perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics ( r = 0.03, P = 0.6). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to professional codes of ethics in nurses working in different departments ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Participating nurses perceived high levels of workload but their mean adherence to professional codes of ethics was at a moderate level. The perceived workload was indirectly correlated with adherence to professional codes of ethics.

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Oligoclonal IgG bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of portuguese patients with multiple sclerosis: negative results indicate benign disease

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2005000300001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 63 (2b) ◽

pp. 375-379 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Maria José Sá ◽

Lucinda Sequeira ◽

Maria Edite Rio ◽

Edward J. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Benign Disease ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Negative Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relapsing Remitting ◽

The Mean ◽

Oligoclonal Igg ◽

Oligoclonal Igg Bands

We assessed the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) restricted oligoclonal IgG bands (IgG-OCB) in Portuguese multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its relationship with outcome. Paired CSF/serum samples of 406 patients with neurological disorders were submitted to isoelectric focusing with immunodetection of IgG. Ninety-two patients had definite MS; non-MS cases were assembled in groups inflammatory/infectious diseases (ID, n=141) and other/controls (OD, n=173). We found in the MS group: mean duration, 38.9 months; clinically isolated syndromes, 24%; relapsing/remitting course (RR), 65%; in RR patients the mean EDSS was 2.1 and the mean index of progression was 0.31. Positive patterns significantly predominated in MS (82.6%; ID, 40.4%; OD, 3.5%). The sensitivity and the specificity of positive IgG-OCB for MS diagnosis was 82.6% and 79.9%, respectively. The sole statistically significant difference in the MS group was the lower progression index observed in negative cases. We conclude that the frequency of positive IgG-OCB patterns in our MS patients fits most values reported in the literature, and that negative results indicate benign disease.

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Relationship between Growth and Wood properties in Agathis sp. Planted in Indonesia

Wood Research Journal ◽

10.51850/wrj.2012.3.1.1-5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Futoshi Ishiguri ◽

Kazuko Makino ◽

Imam Wahyudi ◽

Jun Tanabe ◽

Yuya Takashima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wood Quality ◽

Basic Density ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pilodyn Penetration ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

The present study clarified the relationship between the growth and wood properties of 54-year-old Agathis sp. trees planted in Indonesia. Stem diameter, pilodyn penetration, and stress-wave velocity (SWV) were measured for all trees (35 trees) in a plot (30  30 m) located almost at the center of a stand. Based on the mean stem diameter, 10 standard trees in a plot were selected for measuring the basic density (BD) and compressive strength parallel to grain (CS). Core samples (5 mm in diameter) were collected from the 10 selected trees to determine BD and CS. The mean stem diameter, pilodyn penetration and SWV in the plot were 40.2  11.3 cm, 23.4  2.1 cm, and 3.85  0.43 km/s, respectively. No significant correlation coefficeint (r = -0.327, no significance at 5% level) was obtained between stem diameter and SWV. The mean BD and CS in the 10 trees were 0.42  0.03 g/cm3 and 28.1  2.7 MPa, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between BD and CS. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between BD and CS values of the 10 trees, indicating that wood properties may differ among trees with the same standard growth in a stand. From these results, we concluded that wood quality improvement in this species could be achieved by selecting trees with high density and strength in tree breeding programs.

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Evaluation of the relationship between spatial abilities and anatomy learning

Anatomy (International Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy) ◽

10.2399/ana.20.769500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 139-144

Author(s):

Mustafa Aydın ◽

Mehmet Tuğrul Yılmaz ◽

Muzaffer Şeker

Keyword(s):

Mental Rotation ◽

Spatial Ability ◽

Significant Contribution ◽

Spatial Abilities ◽

School Students ◽

Mental Rotation Test ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the spatial abilities of medical school students and their learning in anatomy. Methods: The spatial abilities of the 120 students (74 females, 46 males) were examined using Mental Rotation Test (MRT). The relationship between the mental rotation scores and the mean scores of their practical and theoretical anatomy examinations was determined in terms of gender. Results: The study revealed that mental rotation skills of female participants were lower than males; however, there was no significant difference in their exam (theoretical and practical anatomy examinations) scores in terms of gender. The spatial ability of the students had a low level significant effect on their anatomy scores, regarding practical applications. Conclusion: The results of the study revealed a significant relationship between students’ spatial ability and their success in practical anatomy examinations. This suggests that improving spatial ability skills may have a significant contribution to practical anatomy learning and may be considered as a part of anatomy education.

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Detection of antibodies to recombinant truncated flagellin and sonicated whole cell antigen of Burkholderia pseudomallei in acute melioidosis and in healthy Bangladeshi individuals

IMC Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/imcjms.v14i1.47455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

Md Shariful Alam Jilani ◽

Tang Thean Hock ◽

Sraboni Mazumder ◽

Fahmida Rahman ◽

Md Mohiuddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Cell Antigen ◽

The Mean

Background and objectives: Several types of Burkholderia pseudomallei antigens have been used to determine the antibody response in acute and asymptomatic cases. In the present study, we have detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to recombinant truncated flagellin antigen (RTFA) of B. pseudomallei in the sera of acute melioidosis cases and healthy individuals from melioidosis endemic areas of Bangladesh by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In parallel, IgG antibody to sonicated whole cell antigen (SWCA) of B. pseudomallei was determined to compare with anti-RTFA antibody. Methodology: Serum samples from culture confirmed melioidosis cases and from healthy individuals aged 21 years and above residing in melioidosis endemic rural areas were included in the study. Serum IgG antibody to RTFA and SWCA of B. pseudomallei was determined by indirect ELISA. Results: Out of 8 culture confirmed acute melioidosis cases, 7 (87.5%) and 8 (100%) were positive for anti-B. pseudomallei IgG antibodies by RTFA and SWCA methods respectively. Among 361 healthy individuals, the rate of seropositivity by RTFA-ELISA was significantly less than that of SWCA-ELISA (16.1% versus 26.8%; p = 0.001). The mean optical density (OD) of RTFA-ELISA of positive cases was significantly less than that of SWCA-ELISA in both melioidosis and healthy individuals (0.79±0.11 versus 2.4±0.08, p = 0.0001; 0.67±0.01 versus 1.27±0.02, p = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity of RTFA-ELISA were 88.9% and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that multiple or combination of antigens should be used to study the seroprevalence of B. pseudomallei infection in a community. Also, prospective study is necessary to find out the duration of persistence of antibodies to different antigenic components of B. pseudomallei after exposure. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 47-52

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The Relationship Between N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Level and Myocardial Performance Index and Their Prognostic Importances in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction in Short Term Follow-up

Şehir Tıp Dergisi ◽

10.37609/cmj.1434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12-17

Author(s):

Mehmet Küçükosmanoğlu ◽

Cihan Örem

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Left Ventricular Ejection ◽

Ejection Time ◽

Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: MPI is an echocardiographic parameter that exibit the left ventricular functions globally. NT-proBNP is an important both diagnostic and prognostic factor in heart failure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of serum NT-proBNP levels and MPI in patients with STEMI. Method: Totally 104 patients with a diagnosis of STEMI were included in the study. Patients followed for 30-days and questioned for presence of symptoms of heart failure (HF) and cardiac death. Patients were invited for outpatient control after 30-days and were divided into two groups: (HF (+) group) and (HF (-) group). Results: Totally 104 patients with STEMI were hospitalized in the coronary intensive care unit. Of those patients, 17 were female (16%), 87 were male (84%), and the mean age of the patients was 58.9±10.8 years. During the 30-day follow-up, 28 (27%) of 104 patients developed HF. The mean age, hypertension ratio and anterior STEMI rate were significantly higher in the HF (+) group compared to the HF (-) group. Ejection time (ET) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly lower and MPI was significantly higher in the HF (+) group. When the values on day first and sixth were compared, NT-ProBNP levels were decreased in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the change in MPI values on the first and sixth days. Multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of anterior MI, first day NT-proBNP level and LVEF were independently associated with development of HF and death. Conclusion: In our study, NT-proBNP levels were found to be positively associated with MPI in patients with acute STEMI. It was concluded that the level of NT-proBNP detected especially on the 1st day was more valuable than MPI in determining HF development and prognosis after STEMI.

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