The relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110401
Author(s):  
Mahsa Dadkhah-Tehrani ◽  
Mohsen Adib-Hajbaghery
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Professional Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

Background Many studies have investigated the adherence to professional codes of ethics by nurses. However, no study has explicitly examined the relationship between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among Iranian nurses. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationships between workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics among a sample of Iranian nurses. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 213 nurses who were randomly selected from the different wards of Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan, Iran. Data collection instruments included a personal characteristics questionnaire, the Nursing Ethics Questionnaire, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index. The Chi-square, the Spearman correlation coefficient, the Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results A majority of nurses were females (77.5%), married (79.3%), and permanently employed (55.4%). The mean of the overall perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics were 76.36 ± 13.64 and 13.98 ± 2.58, that were at high and moderated level, respectively. Spearman correlation test showed no significant correlation between perceived workload and adherence to professional codes of ethics ( r = 0.03, P = 0.6). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of adherence to professional codes of ethics in nurses working in different departments ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Participating nurses perceived high levels of workload but their mean adherence to professional codes of ethics was at a moderate level. The perceived workload was indirectly correlated with adherence to professional codes of ethics.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE COMBINED WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH USING INNERCANTHAL DISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO AGE GENDER AND ETHINICITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽  
pp. S164-69
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Maria Shakoor Abbasi ◽  
Danish Azeem Khan ◽  
Shiza Khalid ◽  
Warda Jawed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between inner canthal distance and maxillary anterior teeth width withrespect to age, gender and ethnicity. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, from Aug 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: One hundred participants from both genders with full permanent dentition, no interdental space or pathology and facial symmetry were included in this study. The measurements were carried out with digital Vernier caliper. SPSS-25 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ± SD of inner canthal distance and width of maxillary anterior teeth were 2.99cm ± 0.46and 3.82cm ± 0.35 respectively. A significant difference was found between gender (p=0.037) and inner canthaldistance. The maxillary anterior teeth width and inner canthal distance varies amongst different ethnicities(p=0.01). The inner canthal distance does not vary with advancing age (p=0.87) whereas width of maxillaryanterior teeth varies (p=0.04). A weak correlation value of 0.47 was found between inner canthal distance andmaxillary anterior teeth width. Conclusion: This research suggests that there is a weak relationship between inner canthal distance and maxillary anterior teeth width. Therefore, a multiplication ratio of 1.27 is advised to get combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. Additionally, the value of both differs in various local ethnicities. Inner canthal distance does not vary with age though has significant gender disparities while maxillary anterior teeth width remains constant.

scholarly journals The relationship of religious attitude with self-control andself-discrepancy in students

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Masoud Nikfarjam ◽  
Elham-Sadat Salehi ◽  
Ali Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aim: Spiritual attitude is one of the factors affecting mental health of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of religious attitudes with self-control and self-discrepancy (S-D) in students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (SKUMS) in 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 328 students of the SKUMS were studied. The participants completed Tangney Self-control Survey, Higgins Self-discrepancy Questionnaire, a religious attitude questionnaire, and a checklist of demographic information. For data analysis, in addition to descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and one-way ANOVA were used. Stata software was used to analyze the data. Results: The mean values of religious attitude, self-control, and self-discrepancy were higher in women in comparison with men (P< 0.05). There was a significant difference between self-control religious beliefs, actual-self minus actual-self (S-D2), and self-discrepancy in terms of total monthly income of all family members (P< 0.05). Academic discipline was significantly associated with religious attitude, ideal-self minus actual-self (S-D1), S-D2, and S-D (P< 0.05), but self-control difference was not significant (P= 0.84). There was a linear relationship, significant correlation of religious attitude with the mean values of self-control, required self, actual-self, idea-self, self-discrepancy, and S-D1 and S-D2 (P< 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, religious attitude was associated with self-control, self-discrepancy, and their dimensions.

scholarly journals The Relations Between Behavioral Problems and Demographic Variables in Students With Visual Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Sara Ghorbaninejad ◽  
◽  
Firoozeh Sajedi ◽  
Masoumeh Pourmohamadreza Tajrishi ◽  
Samaneh Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The most distinctive group of people with sensory disabilities is those with visual impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between behavioral problems and demographic variables in students with visual impairment in the academic year of 2018-2019 in Tehran City, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted on students with visual impairment studying in four schools of exceptional children at the elementary and high school levels. The research population was 400, and the sample size was estimated at 200 using Cochran’s formula. The sampling was carried out using the random cluster sampling method, where the floors of the school were considered and visually-impaired students were selected randomly from each school based on the number of students. Demographic characteristics questionnaire and Rutter behavior evaluation questionnaire (teacher form) were used to collect data. Results: The Mean±SD behavioral problems score was 12.9±10.7. According to the results, there was a negative and significant correlation between the subscales of behavioral problems with age and duration of the impairment. A significant difference was found in the mean of behavioral problems of visually-impaired or blind children caused by accident with those with congenital and hereditary problems. The regression model showed a significant difference between male and female subjects in terms of behavioral problems in a short duration after the injury (≤5 years). Discussion: Given the relationship between behavioral problems with gender and duration of injury, it is recommended that interventions be carried out during the first few years of injury, especially for female individuals, to prevent or reduce the severity of behavioral problems.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Affecting The Anger and Aggression Which Emotion and Thoughts in University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Yörük
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between emotions, thoughts with anger and aggression. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Vocational School of a university. A total of 238 students participated in this study. The data collection tools of the study are sociodemographic data form, Buss-Perry aggression scale, trait anger and anger expression style scales. The study of descriptive statistical results of data were calculated with arithmetic mean, standard deviation, number, percentage. In determining the factors affecting the average of aggression and anger score were calculated independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal Wallis variance analysis. In the analysis, the obtained p value less than 0.05 was accepted as significant difference. Results: The smoking, family income, family verbal violence and family history of violence were found to be significant in predicting the anger score. The mean scores of anger subscale scores were significantly higher in the students who had high risk taking behaviors, who did not understand her and who did not agree and disagreed, thought that who thinks life is meaningless and looking hopeless for the future that students (p <0.016). The mean score of physical aggression was significantly higher in male students (p <0.0001). The scores of aggression subscale scores were significantly higher in the students who were smoking, had verbal violence between their parents, had a childhood history of violence, their parents had been violent in childhood, had a history of aggressive behavior, and who reported depressive mood in the last year (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, ıt was found that anger and aggression were found to be high and risky behaviors along with family and friend relationships were an important in young people.

scholarly journals Quality of Services in Health Centers in Western Suburbs of Ahvaz by Examining the Gap Between Expectations and Perceptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Rostami Borujeni ◽  
Saham Sarahi ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh ◽  
Nayeb Fadaei Dehcheshmeh
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Due to the health sector’s serious mission in maintaining the health and care of the community, the quality of provided health services is of particular prominence. Objectives: This study aims to assess the quality of services in health centers in western suburbs of Ahvaz by examining the gap between expectations and perceptions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and conducted in 2018. The sample size included 291 people visiting health centers in western suburbs of Ahvaz. The data were collected through the SERVQUAL standard questionnaire for assessing the quality. This questionnaire assesses five dimensions of the quality of the provided services. These five dimensions include tangible factors, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to investigate the relationship between the variables. Independent t-test was used to compare the means. Data analysis was performed through SPSS version 22. Results: Overall, 89.55% of the subjects were female. In all the five dimensions of quality, there was a significant difference between the ideal status and the observed status (P < 0.001). The lowest gap was related to empathy (r = 0.25), and the highest gap was reported for tangible factors (r = -0.99). There was a significant positive correlation between each of the dimensions of expectations and the same dimension in the perceptions section (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Expectations in all the dimensions, except for empathy, were higher than perceptions, and health centers were far from ideal. Among these dimensions, expectations and perceptions in the area of reliability were higher than in other cases, and the mean scores were at a higher level. In the area of increasing the quality of care in health centers in suburbs of Ahvaz, some measures should be taken to promote the quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relationship Between Celiac Disease and Refractory Epilepsy in Patients Referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hanieh Mollazadeh ◽  
◽  
Surena Nazarbaghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Pashaei ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Celiac disease can be associated with other diseases, including neurological disorders. In this study, the relationship between celiac disease and refractory epilepsy was evaluated in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with refractory epilepsy referred to the neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia, during the second half of 2019 and controlled epilepsy were studied as a control group. The statistical population of the present study included 50 patients with refractory seizures and 50 patients with controlled seizures. The mean age of patients was 32.96 ± 11.35 years. Five ml blood samples were taken from the patients, and a serum anti-tTG test was performed using the ELISA kit. Then, in patients with positive anti-tTG, a duodenal biopsy sample was prepared using an endoscopy. Results: This study showed that the mean serum level of anti-tTG in patients with refractory epilepsy was higher than in patients with controlled epilepsy. Anti-tTG test results were positive in five of fifty patients with refractory epilepsy, and it was positive in two of fifty patients with controlled epilepsy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of serum levels anti-tTG (p=0.14). Also, there was no significant relationship between serum level anti-tTG, age and genus (p>0.05). Biopsy results in three patients in the refractory epilepsy group and one patient in the controlled epilepsy group was in favor of a definitive diagnosis of the celiac disease. Patients in whom the celiac disease was confirmed by endoscopy had higher anti-tTG levels (p=0.006). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the celiac disease in the group with refractory epilepsy and controlled epilepsy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Body-Scaled Information on Reaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-han Huang ◽  
Terry D. Ellis ◽  
Robert C. Wagenaar ◽  
Linda Fetters
Keyword(s):  
Critical Ratio ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Reach And Grasp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Person Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background Environmental and task modifications are powerful methods used to affect action in rehabilitation and are frequently used by therapists. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine and quantify the relationship between hand size (person characteristics) and object size (environmental characteristics) and the effect of this relationship on the emergent reaching patterns for children and adults with typical development. Design This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Methods Seventeen children and 20 adults participated and were required to reach and grasp 10 pairs of cubes of different sizes. The dimensionless ratios were calculated by dividing the cube size by the aperture between index finger and thumb to quantify emergent reach and grasp patterns. A critical ratio was used to establish the shift from a 1-handed to an exclusive 2-handed reach pattern. Results The results demonstrated no significant difference in the mean critical ratios between the 2 groups. However, a 2-handed reach was used more frequently than a 1-handed reach at a significantly smaller ratio for children in comparison with adults. Limitations The relational metrics between the cube and hand are only one contribution to the emergent reaching and grasping patterns. Conclusions Children had more variability of reaching patterns than adults. A personal constraint, such as experience, and a task constraint of accuracy may account for the variability. The results encourage further research on body-scaled information for individuals with different personal constraints (eg, children with cerebral palsy) and the impact of body-scaled information on emergent actions.

scholarly journals Study Habits and Achievement: A Comparison of Medical and Paramedical Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Alavi ◽  
Mehdi Lesani ◽  
Jamileh Mahdavinia
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Study Habits ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Habit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The Relationship

Background: One of the most basic methods of learning is acquired through study. Study habits and strategies applied to learning facilitate the process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the study habits of Medical and Paramedical Students in relation to their achievement. Methods: This investigation was a descriptive – cross sectional and correlational study.239 medical and paramedical students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences participated in this census study. Data were collected via study habit (PSSHI) questionnaire. The PSSHI scores were correlated to students’ performance. Results: The mean and standard deviation of study habits scores were 47.74 ± 9.84 and 50.78 ± 10.02 in paramedical and medical students respectively, showing a significant difference in study habits between two groups of the students (p≤0.05). The relationship between study habits and academic performance was also significant (r =0.25, n=91, R2=0.06, p<0.05). Conclusions: The study revealed a significant difference in study habits between medical and paramedical students which reflects the importance of good and planned study habits. In addition, considering the relationship between study habits and academic achievement and importance of medical education, the students should be trained to promote their study habits and strategies.

scholarly journals Gender-wise Comparative Assessment of Lifestyle Patterns and Well-being Status among Healthcare Employees at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanajakshamma Velam ◽  
Vyshnavi Kancherla ◽  
Latheef Kasala ◽  
Anusha Kancherla ◽  
Mounica Reddy Pillaram
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Abstract Background This study was an attempt to assess and compare the gender-wise lifestyle patterns and well-being status among the employees of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care hospital between May and August 2019. A total of 777 employees belonging to both genders (male and female) and working at different professional levels were assessed. All the enrolled employees were subjected to a comprehensive study tool consisting of various dimensions of their health, which included physical, mental, social, spiritual and intellectual health dimensions. Results Among the participants, 327 (42.1%) were male and 450 (57.9%) were female. There was no significant difference in the mean age of male (37.91 ± 7.52) and female (36.85 ± 8.16) employees (p = 0.07). A significantly higher proportion of diabetes and hypertension were seen in male employees (9.8% and 14.4%, respectively) than in female (5.6% and 6.2% respectively). The overall well-being was better in male employees than in females and was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). We found that male employees had statistically significant better well-being in terms of physical, mental and social health whereas female employees had intellectual health. Conclusion The overall well-being in healthcare staff was good at our tertiary care hospital, and the outstanding/good well-being rate was higher in male employees than in female employees. Female employees experienced risks with regard to their physical health.

scholarly journals Emotional Bonding and Sexual Activity During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-National Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 263183182110274
Author(s):  
Deblina Roy ◽  
Sujita Kumar Kar ◽  
SM Yasir Arafat ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Russell Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Bonding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have affected the sexuality and emotional bonding among the couple across the world. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the married people’s emotional bonding and sexual relationships in 3 south Asian counties (Bangladesh, India, and Nepal). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Bangladesh, India, and Nepal residents from April 3 to April 15, 2020. The survey was designed in English. The participants were selected through convenience sampling technique, the link of the online questionnaire was shared with the participants. Only participants older than 18 years and above, married, and living with their spouses were included in the study. Results: A total number of 120 respondents were included finally for analysis from the participating countries (India, Nepal, and Bangladesh). The mean age of the participants was 35.42 (±5.73) years; the majority were males under the age of 40 years and had completed postgraduation as their qualification. Among the study participants, more than half (53.8%) of the women reported being sexually active during the lockdown, whereas 41% of the men reported being sexually active. Among the sexually active participants, most women (57.7%) reported that they perceived positive emotional bonding with their partners. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference observed when compared with men. There are variations in responses. However, no significant association was identified. Conclusion: There are a few insights from the study, that is, there was no significant difference found in almost 3 countries in emotional intimacy. There had been a trend that there is improved emotional bonding with their partners, although no significant difference was observed.

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