scholarly journals Detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae culture filtrate protein-10 in leprosy patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Parkash ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Astha Nigam ◽  
Bhawneshwar K. Girdhar
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Infectious Form ◽  
Culture Filtrate Protein ◽  
Bacterial Index

The prevalence of IgG antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae recombinant culture filtrate protein-10 (rCFP-10) was investigated in serum samples from 56 leprosy patients, 15 tuberculosis (TB) patients, 14 other skin-diseased patients and 20 healthy subjects. On classifying the patients into bacterial index (BI)-positive and BI-negative groups, the assay showed 83.3 % (15/18) sensitivity for detection of BI-positive leprosy patients. On the other hand, the sensitivity for detection of BI-negative patients was 18.4 % (7/38). None of the 15 TB patients and 14 other skin-diseased patients was positive; however, only one out of 20 healthy individuals was positive, indicating that antibody response to culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10) was highly specific (98.0 %; 48/49). Statistically, the performance of the CFP-10-based assay was found to be comparable (P>0.05) with that of an anti-phenolic glycolipid-I (PGL-I) antibody-detecting assay. Thus, M. leprae CFP-10 is potentially a specific antigen for measuring antibody response in BI-positive leprosy patients. Being a secreted antigen, CFP-10 may act as a marker for the viability of M. leprae inside the host, and hence its serological potential is worth exploring for application in monitoring the response of patients with BI-positive leprosy (a highly infectious form) during the course of chemotherapy. When comparing the bacteriological and serological results, an agreement of 82.1 % showed that seropositivity to M. leprae CFP-10 corresponded well with bacteriological criteria. Hence, CFP-10 seems to be a suitable antigen for classification of leprosy patients into BI-positive and BI-negative groups.

scholarly journals Humoral immune response to selective mycobacterial antigens and serodiagnosis of active tuberculosis in Bangladeshi patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Md. Mohiuddin ◽  
J. Ashraful Haq
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Culture Filtrate Protein

Background and objective: Serological test has become an important tool in the diagnosis of TB cases. This study focused on the analysis and comparison of antibody response to two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) antigens namely Ag85 complex and culture filtrate protein (CFP) in patients with tuberculosis. Antibody response to specific antigen was utilized as a diagnostic tool to detect active tuberculosis (TB) cases.Methods: Sera from 30 patients with active tuberculosis and 30 healthy individuals were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies against Ag85 complex and culture filtrate protein (CFP) antigens of MTB.Results: The mean OD values of serum IgM and IgG antibodies against Ag85 and CFP were significantly (p<0.0001) higher in patients than that of healthy control individuals. Among the 30 tuberculosis patients, anti-Ag85 complex IgM and IgG was positive in 66.7% and 70.0% patients respectively. The seropositive rate of anti-CFP IgM and IgG was 33.3% and 56.7% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of anti Ag85 and anti-CFP IgM and IgG ranged from 60.0% to 96.7%.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that determination of IgM and IgG antibodies against Ag85 complex and CFP could be used as a serological marker for diagnosis of active tuberculosis.IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(2): 53-57

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of B- and T-Cell Epitopes of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture Filtrate Protein 10

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 3161-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Spencer ◽  
Hee Jin Kim ◽  
Angela M. Marques ◽  
Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarerro ◽  
Monica C. B. S. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Peptide Epitopes ◽  
Culture Filtrate Protein

ABSTRACT Culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a well-characterized immunodominant 10-kDa protein antigen known to elicit a very potent early gamma interferon response in T cells from M. tuberculosis-infected mice and humans. The sequence of the Mycobacterium leprae homologue of CFP-10 shows only 40% identity (60% homology) at the protein level with M. tuberculosis CFP-10 and thus has the potential for development as a T- or B-cell reactive antigen for specific diagnosis of leprosy. Antisera raised in mice or rabbits against recombinant M. leprae and M. tuberculosis CFP-10 proteins reacted only with homologous peptides from arrays of overlapping synthetic peptides, indicating that there was no detectable cross-reactivity at the antibody level. Sera from leprosy and tuberculosis patients were also specific for the homologous protein or peptides and showed distinct patterns of recognition for either M. leprae or M. tuberculosis CFP-10 peptides. At the cellular level, only 2 of 45 mouse T-cell hybridomas raised against either M. leprae or M. tuberculosis CFP-10 displayed a cross-reactive response against the N-terminal heterologous CFP-10 peptide, the region that exhibits the highest level of identity in the two proteins; however, the majority of peptide epitopes recognized by mouse T-cell hybridomas specific for each protein did not cross-react with heterologous peptides. Coupled with the human serology data, these results raise the possibility that peptides that could be used to differentiate infections caused by these two related microorganisms could be developed. Immunohistochemical staining of sections of M. leprae-infected nude mouse footpads resulted in strongly positive staining in macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as weaker staining in extracellular areas, suggesting that M. leprae CFP-10, like its homologue in M. tuberculosis, is a secreted protein.

scholarly journals Prospective Study of Serological Conversion as a Risk Factor for Development of Leprosy among Household Contacts

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Douglas ◽  
R. V. Cellona ◽  
T. T. Fajardo ◽  
R. M. Abalos ◽  
M. V. F. Balagon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Infectious Form ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

ABSTRACT Although the prevalence of leprosy has declined over the years, there is no evidence that incidence rates are falling. A method of early detection of those people prone to develop the most infectious form of leprosy would contribute to breaking the chain of transmission. Prophylactic treatment of serologically identified high-risk contacts of incident patients should be an operationally feasible approach for routine control programs. In addition, classification of high-risk household contacts will allow control program resources to be more focused. In this prospective study, we examined the ability of serology used for the detection of antibodies to phenolic glycolipid I of Mycobacterium leprae to identify those household contacts of multibacillary leprosy patients who had the highest risk of developing leprosy. After the start of multidrug therapy for the index case, a new case of leprosy developed in one in seven of the 178 households studied. In households where new cases appeared, the seropositivity rates were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those in households without new cases. Seropositive household contacts had a significantly higher risk of developing leprosy (relative hazard adjusted for age and sex [aRH], 7.2), notably multibacillary leprosy (aRH = 24), than seronegative contacts.

The Response to Chemotherapy of Serum Mycobacterium Leprae-Specific Antigen in Multibacillary Leprosy Patients

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Roche ◽  
Kapil Dev Neupane ◽  
Wim J. Theuvenet ◽  
Sang-Nae Cho ◽  
Warwick J. Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

scholarly journals Immunogold labeling method for Mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid in glutaraldehyde-osmium-fixed and Araldite-embedded leprosy lesions.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Boddingius ◽  
H P Dijkman
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Immunogold Labeling ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Labeling Method ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy ◽  
Swine Serum

Phenolic glycolipid (PGL)-I, a Mycobacterium leprae-specific antigen currently used for serodiagnosis of preclinical leprosy, has thus far not been localized subcellularly in leprosy bacilli and their host cells. In this study, we developed an immunogold-labeling technique for qualitative identification of PGL-I sites in glutaraldehyde-osmium-fixed and Araldite-embedded M. leprae and host macrophages in human skin biopsies. Such "hard-fixed," plastic-embedded skin and nerve biopsies from patients with varying cell-mediated immunity to leprosy are amply available worldwide. Our method involves etching of plastic sections with H2O2, incubation with swine serum to eliminate nonspecific labeling, and long (22 hr) incubation at room temperature with monoclonal antibodies to PGL-I. Gold labeling was seen predominantly on cell walls of M. leprae, in vacuolar spaces of bacillated phagolysosomes, and occasionally on the cytoplasm and cell membrane of M. leprae. Host macrophage cytoplasm was labeled very infrequently. This technique allows studies on possibly persisting antigenic PGL-I in multibacillary leprosy patients during or after multidrug therapy. The method may also prove useful for subcellular localization of specific bacterial lipids in other mycobacterial diseases, including tuberculosis.

Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1550-1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Asma Sadaf ◽  
Sehroon Khan ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Afsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease. Methods: A negligible amount of advancements has been made in last few decades which includes the tools of diagnosis, causes, treatment, and genetic studies of the bacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) that causes leprosy. The diagnosis of leprosy at earlier stages is important for its effective treatment. Recent studies on vitamin D and its receptors make leprosy diagnosis easier at earlier stages. Skin biopsies and qPCR are the other tools to identify the disease at its initial stages. Results: Until now a specific drug for the treatment of leprosy is not available, therefore, Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is used, which is hazardous to health. Besides Mycobacterium leprae, recently a new bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis was also identified as a cause of leprosy. During the last few years the genetic studies of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDR), and the skin biopsies made the treatment and diagnosis of leprosy easier at early stages. The studies of micro RNAs (miRNAs) made it easy to differentiate leprosy from other diseases especially from tuberculosis. Conclusion: Leprosy can be distinguished from sarcoidosis by quantitative study of reticulin fibers present in skin. The treatment used until now for leprosy is multi-drug treatment. The complete genome identification of Mycobacterium leprae makes the research easy to develop target specified drugs for leprosy. Rifampicin, identified as a potent drug, along with other drugs in uniform multi-drug treatment, has a significant effect when given to leprosy patients at initial stages. These are effective treatments but a specific drug for leprosy is still needed to be identified. The current review highlights the use of modern methods for the identification of leprosy at its earlier stages and the effective use of drugs alone as well as in combination.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine mRNABNT162b2 Elicits Human Antibody Response in Milk of Breastfeeding Women

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Maurizio Guida ◽  
Daniela Terracciano ◽  
Michele Cennamo ◽  
Federica Aiello ◽  
Evelina La Civita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Antibodies ◽  
Roche Diagnostics

Objective: The objective of this research is to demonstrate the release of SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) antibodies in human milk samples obtained by patients who have been vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Milk and serum samples were collected in 10 volunteers 20 days after the first dose and 7 seven days after the second dose of the mRNABNT162b2 vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were measured by the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S ECLIA assay (Roche Diagnostics AG, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), a quantitative electrochemiluminescence immunometric method. Results: At first sample, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (103.9 ± 54.9 U/mL) and only in two (40%) milk samples with a low concentration (1.2 ± 0.3 U/mL). At the second sample, collected 7 days after the second dose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were detected in all serum samples (3875.7 ± 3504.6 UI/mL) and in all milk samples (41.5 ± 47.5 UI/mL). No correlation was found between the level of serum and milk antibodies; the milk antibodies/serum antibodies ratio was on average 2% (range: 0.2–8.4%). Conclusion: We demonstrated a release of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies in the breast milk of women vaccinated with mRNABNT162b2. Vaccinating breastfeeding women could be a strategy to protect their infants from COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM among Adults over 65 Years Old in the South of Italy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Immacolata Polvere ◽  
Alfredina Parrella ◽  
Giovanna Casamassa ◽  
Silvia D’Andrea ◽  
Annamaria Tizzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
The South ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic betacoronavirus associated with worldwide transmission of COVID-19 disease. By the beginning of March, WHO reported about 113,820,000 confirmed cases including more than 2,527,000 deaths all over the world. However, the true extent of virus circulation or its real infection/fatality ratio is not well-estimated due to the huge portion of asymptomatic infections. In this observational study, we have estimated the prevalence of specific immunoglobulin M and G directed towards SARS-CoV-2 antigen in a cohort of 1383 adult volunteers aged over 65 years old, living in the district of Benevento, in the South of Italy. Serological screening was carried out on capillary blood in September 2020, seven months after pandemic outbreak in Italy, to evaluate virus circulation and antibody response among elderly adults, in which severe symptoms due to viral infection are more common. The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 4.70% (CI 3.70%–5.95%) with no statistically significant differences between sexes. Among these, 69.69% (CI 55.61%–77.80%) tested positive to IgM, 23.08% (CI 14.51%–34.64%) to IgG and 9.23% (CI 4.30%–18.71%) was positive for both. All patients that were positive to IgM underwent molecular testing through RT-qPCR on oral-rhino pharyngeal swabs and only one specimen was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Instead, the presence of IgG from screened volunteers was confirmed by re-testing serum samples using both an ELISA assay validated for in vitro diagnostic use (IVD) and a recently published synthetic peptide-based ELISA assay. In conclusion, our report suggests that (1) early restrictions were successful in limiting COVID-19 diffusion in the district of Benevento; (2) rapid serological analysis is an ideal testing for both determining real seroprevalence and massive screening, whereas detection of viral RNA remains a gold standard for identification of infected patients; (3) even among people without COVID-19 related symptoms, the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 antigens has individual features.

scholarly journals Recombinant polypeptide of Mycobacterium leprae as a potential tool for serological detection of leprosy

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo dos Santos Barbosa ◽  
Iara Beatriz Andrade de Sousa ◽  
Simone Simionatto ◽  
Sibele Borsuk ◽  
Silvana Beutinger Marchioro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Recombinant Polypeptide ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Tertiary Structures ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
T Cell Reactivity ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Scale Detection

AbstractCurrent prevention methods for the transmission of Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, are inadequate as suggested by the rate of new leprosy cases reported. Simple large-scale detection methods for M. leprae infection are crucial for early detection of leprosy and disease control. The present study investigates the production and seroreactivity of a recombinant polypeptide composed of various M. leprae protein epitopes. The structural and physicochemical parameters of this construction were assessed using in silico tools. Parameters like subcellular localization, presence of signal peptide, primary, secondary, and tertiary structures, and 3D model were ascertained using several bioinformatics tools. The resultant purified recombinant polypeptide, designated rMLP15, is composed of 15 peptides from six selected M. leprae proteins (ML1358, ML2055, ML0885, ML1811, ML1812, and ML1214) that induce T cell reactivity in leprosy patients from different hyperendemic regions. Using rMLP15 as the antigen, sera from 24 positive patients and 14 healthy controls were evaluated for reactivity via ELISA. ELISA-rMLP15 was able to diagnose 79.17% of leprosy patients with a specificity of 92.86%. rMLP15 was also able to detect the multibacillary and paucibacillary patients in the same proportions, a desirable addition in the leprosy diagnosis. These results summarily indicate the utility of the recombinant protein rMLP15 in the diagnosis of leprosy and the future development of a viable screening test.

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