Diverse humoral immune responses and changes in IgG antibody levels against mycobacterial lipid antigens in active tuberculosis

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 2065-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Fujita ◽  
Takeshi Doi ◽  
Koji Sato ◽  
Ikuya Yano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Lipid Antigens ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Elisa ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Antibody Levels

Humoral immune responses of active TB patients against six mycobacterial lipid antigens [trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) from Mycobacterium bovis BCG (TDM-T) and Mycobacterium avium complex (TDM-M), trehalose 6-monomycolate (TMM) from M. bovis BCG (TMM-T) and M. avium complex (TMM-M), triacyl (PL-2) and tetraacyl (PL-1) phosphatidylinositol dimannosides] were examined by ELISA. IgG antibodies of TB patients with active disease reacted against the six lipid antigens distinctively, but heterogeneously. If tests were combined and an overall positive was scored cumulatively when any one of the six tests was positive, a good discrimination between patient and normal subject was obtained. A positive result in any one of the six tests was obtained in 91·5 % of all 924 hospitalized patients and 93·3 % of 210 patients at their first visit to the outpatient clinic. The IgG antibody response differed considerably from patient to patient, and the response patterns were grouped into several types. IgG antibody levels paralleled the bacterial burden; however, the smear-negative (culture-positive) patient group also showed high positive rates and mean ELISA ΔA values against the six lipid antigens. There were also marked differences in positive rate and mean ΔA values between cavity-positive and -negative groups, the former being higher than the latter. After anti-TB chemotherapy was initiated, IgG antibody levels decreased dramatically, paralleling the decrease in the amount of excretion of bacteria. Since multiple-antigen ELISA using particular lipid antigens was highly sensitive, and IgG antibody levels vary greatly at different stages of the disease, this technique is applicable for early diagnosis of smear-negative (and -positive) active TB and the prognosis for completion of anti-TB chemotherapy.

Clinical evaluation of serodiagnosis of active tuberculosis by multiple-antigen ELISA using lipids from Mycobacterium bovis BCG Tokyo 172

2005 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Fujita ◽  
Hideo Ogata ◽  
Ikuya Yano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg ◽  
Lipid Antigens ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Elisa ◽  
Multiple Antigen

AbstractThe humoral immune responses of 69 active tuberculosis (TB) patients against three major mycobacterial lipid antigens, monoacyl phosphatidylinositol dimannoside (Ac-PIM

scholarly journals Intranasal Immunization Confers Protection against Murine Pneumocystis carinii Lung Infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Pascale ◽  
Margaret M. Shaw ◽  
Pamela J. Durant ◽  
Aytza A. Amador ◽  
Marilyn S. Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Mucosal Immunization ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Tracheobronchial Lymph Node ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

ABSTRACT To evaluate the feasibility of mucosal immunization againstPneumocystis carinii (Pc) experimental infection, female BALB/c mice were intranasally immunized three times with soluble Pc antigens plus cholera toxin fraction B (Pc-CTB); control groups received either Pc antigen, CTB, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) alone. Two weeks after the last immunization, five animals from each group were sacrificed, and cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated. The remaining five mice were CD4 depleted using a monoclonal antibody against mouse CD4 and inoculated with viable Pc. Significantly higher specific lymphoproliferative responses from tracheobronchial lymph node cells, immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody levels in serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-derived IgA antibody concentrations were observed in the Pc-CTB group of mice relative to control groups (P < 0.01). Five weeks after challenge, no Pc organisms were observed in the lung smears of the Pc-CTB group, while the animals receiving antigen, adjuvant, or PBS had progressively higher numbers of Pc microorganisms. By Western blot analysis, a strongly reactive 55- to 60-kDa antigen was recognized by BAL IgA and by serum IgG. In summary, mucosal immunization elicited specific cellular and humoral immune responses and protected against Pc lung infection after immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Limited Local and Systemic Antibody Responses toNeisseria gonorrhoeae during Uncomplicated Genital Infections

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3937-3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer R. Hedges ◽  
Matthew S. Mayo ◽  
Jiri Mestecky ◽  
Edward W. Hook ◽  
Michael W. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Genital Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Repeated Infections ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Repeated infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae are common among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. We examined whether previous infections or site of infection altered the local and systemic antigonococcal antibody levels in males and females. Antibodies against N. gonorrhoeae MS11 and the patients’ homologous infecting isolates were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In general, the local and systemic immune responses to gonococci were extremely modest. There was a slight increase in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the MS11 strain and the homologous isolates in infected males. Levels of serum IgA1 antibodies against MS11 were slightly higher in infected than in uninfected females. A history of previous infections with N. gonorrhoeae did not alter the antibody levels in patients with a current infection, suggesting that immunological memory is not induced by uncomplicated gonococcal infections. Antibody responses to infected subjects’ homologous isolates were observed in cervical mucus; IgA1 levels increased while IgG levels decreased. The decline in mucosal IgG against the homologous isolates was less common in subjects having both rectal and cervical infections; otherwise, no effect of rectal involvement was observed. The absence of substantially higher antibody levels to gonococci where there is infection at a site known to contain organized lymphoid tissue suggests that the low levels of responses to uncomplicated infections may not be due simply to an absence of inductive sites in the genital tract. We propose that in addition to its potential ability to avoid the effects of an immune response,N. gonorrhoeae does not elicit strong humoral immune responses during uncomplicated genital infections.

T Cell Proliferative Responses and IgG Antibodies to β2GPI in Patients with Diabetes and Atherosclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rafiee Monjezi ◽  
Hamed Fouladseresht ◽  
Shirin Farjadian ◽  
Behrouz Gharesi-Fard ◽  
Shahdad Khosropanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diabetes Status ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Background: Diabetes increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by 2 to 3 folds. T-lymphocytes play a role in atherosclerosis, which is the main pathology behind MI. Cellular immune responses to beta-2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI) are shown in carotid atherosclerosis. Objective: To investigate the self-reactive, β2GPI-specific T-lymphocytes in patients with and without diabetes and atherosclerosis. Methods: Collectively, 164 subjects with and without diabetes that underwent coronary angiography were divided into four groups based on their diabetes status and coronary stenosis. Group I=Diabetic with ≥50% stenosis: A+D+ (n=66); Group II=Nondiabetic with ≥50% stenosis, A+D- (n=39); Group III=Diabetic with <50% stenosis: A-D+ (n=28); and Group IV=Non-diabetic with <50% stenosis: A-D- (n=31). All groups were evaluated for anti-β2GPI IgG antibody by ELISA method. Then, PBMCs were isolated from 18 subjects and were stimulated with β2GPI-derived peptides to assess their proliferation in accordance with their HLA-DRB1 alleles. Results: Mean β2GPI IgG levels were higher in groups with ≥50% stenosis (A+) compared to those with <50% stenosis (A-), (P=0.02(. Co-presence of diabetes in A+ individuals increased mean β2GPI-specific IgG. Auto-reactive β2GPI-specific T cells were detected in the repertoire of T-lymphocytes in all groups. β2GPI-peptides showed promiscuous restriction by various HLADRB1. Conclusion: β2GPI is the target of cellular and humoral immune responses in patients with atherosclerosis. Since the T cell responses but not antibodies were detectable in A-D+ and A-D- groups, it is reasonable to assume that cellular responses preceded the humoral responses. Post-translation modifications of β2GPI under oxidative and glycemic stresses may have increased the IgG levels in patients with diabetes. Finally, identification of antigens that trigger immuno-pathogenesis in atherosclerosis and diabetes may help development of immunomodulation methods to prevent or treat these debilitating diseases.

scholarly journals Lack of Humoral Immune Protection againstTreponema denticola Virulence in a Murine Model

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 5736-5746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmyya Kesavalu ◽  
Stanley C. Holt ◽  
Jeffrey L. Ebersole
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Active Immunization ◽  
Antigenic Specificity ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT This study investigated the characteristics of humoral immune responses to Treponema denticola following primary infection, reinfection, and active immunization, as well as immune protection in mice. Primary infection with T. denticolainduced a significant (400-fold) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) response compared to that in control uninfected mice. The IgG response to reinfection was 20,000-fold higher than that for control mice and 10-fold higher than that for primary infection. Mice actively immunized with formalin-killed treponemes developed serum antibody levels seven- to eightfold greater than those in animals after primary infection. Nevertheless, mice with this acquired antibody following primary infection or active immunization demonstrated no significant alterations of lesion induction or decreased size of the abscesses following a challenge infection. Mice with primary infection developed increased levels of IgG3, IgG2b, and IgG2a antibodies, with IgG1 being lower than the other subclasses. Reinfected mice developed enhanced IgG2b, IgG2a, and IgG3 and less IgG1. In contrast, immunized mice developed higher IgG1 and lower IgG3 antibody responses to infection. These IgG subclass distributions indicate a stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 activities in development of the humoral immune response to infection and immunization. Our findings also demonstrated a broad antigen reactivity of the serum antibody, which was significantly increased with reinfection and active immunization. Furthermore, serum antibody was effective in vitro in immobilizing and clumping the bacteria but did not inhibit growth or passively prevent the treponemal infection. These observations suggest that humoral immune responses, as manifested by antibody levels, isotype, and antigenic specificity, were not capable of resolving a T. denticola infection.

scholarly journals The immune protection induced by a serine protease from the Trichinella spiralis adult against Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. e0009408
Author(s):  
Daoxiu Xu ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Xuelin Wang ◽  
Zijian Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Antibody Levels

Trichinellosis is a major foodborne parasitosis caused by Trichinella spiralis. In the present study, a serine protease gene from an adult T. spiralis (Ts-Adsp) cDNA library was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography. Previous studies of our laboratory have found that mice vaccinated with recombinant Ts-Adsp protein (rTs-Adsp) exhibited partial protection against T. spiralis infection. In this study, the protective effect of rTs-Adsp against T. spiralis infection in pigs was further explored. The cell-mediated and humoral immune responses induced by rTs-Adsp were measured, including the dynamic trends of specific antibody levels (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgM), as well as the levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) in the serum. Moreover, the changes in T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and neutrophils were measured to evaluate cellular immune responses in pigs vaccinated with rTs-Adsp. The results indicated that a Th1-Th2 mixed immune response with Th1 predominant was induced by rTs-Adsp after vaccination. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the proportions of CD4+ T cells, B cells, and neutrophils in the immunized groups were significantly increased. Furthermore, pigs vaccinated with rTs-Adsp exhibited a 50.9% reduction in the muscle larvae burden, compare with pigs from the PBS group five weeks after challenged. Our results suggested that rTs-Adsp elicited partial protection and it could be a potential target molecule for preventing and controlling Trichinella transmission from pigs to human.

scholarly journals Profiling Humoral Immune Responses to Clostridium difficile-Specific Antigens by Protein Microarray Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ola H. Negm ◽  
Mohamed R. Hamed ◽  
Elizabeth M. Dilnot ◽  
Clifford C. Shone ◽  
Izabela Marszalowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protein Microarray ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Antigens ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Specific Antigens

ABSTRACTClostridium difficileis an anaerobic, Gram-positive, and spore-forming bacterium that is the leading worldwide infective cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Several studies have reported associations between humoral immunity and the clinical course ofC. difficileinfection (CDI). Host humoral immune responses are determined using conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Herein, we report the first use of a novel protein microarray assay to determine systemic IgG antibody responses against a panel of highly purifiedC. difficile-specific antigens, including native toxins A and B (TcdA and TcdB, respectively), recombinant fragments of toxins A and B (TxA4 and TxB4, respectively), ribotype-specific surface layer proteins (SLPs; 001, 002, 027), and control proteins (tetanus toxoid andCandida albicans). Microarrays were probed with sera from a total of 327 individuals with CDI, cystic fibrosis without diarrhea, and healthy controls. For all antigens, precision profiles demonstrated <10% coefficient of variation (CV). Significant correlation was observed between microarray and ELISA in the quantification of antitoxin A and antitoxin B IgG. These results indicate that microarray is a suitable assay for defining humoral immune responses toC. difficileprotein antigens and may have potential advantages in throughput, convenience, and cost.

Humoral immune responses induced by Gymnorhynchus gigas extracts in BALB/c mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodero ◽  
C. Cuéllar
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Type I ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Allergic Disorders

The aim of this study was to determine if the plerocercoid larvae of Gymnorhynchus gigas, a common cestode of the ray’s bream (Brama raii), possess antigenic compounds potentially capable of provoking anaphylactic episodes. A murine experimental model, using BALB/c mice, was developed to study the humoral immune response induced by G. gigas extracts. A highly specific humoral immune response was detected and cross-reactions were not observed between parasite and host antigens. The presence of IgM and IgG3 levels suggest the presence of thymus-independent antigens in the parasitic extract. The IgG antibody class showed the highest levels, with the IgG1 the predominant subclass. These IgG1 levels are in accordance with the supposed presence of a type I allergic reaction after the ingestion of G. gigas plerocercoids parasitizing fish, as well as inducing anaphylaxia in fish. These results indicate that somatic products released from ingested larvae of G. gigas could induce the development of a Th2 response capable of causing allergic disorders.

Immune responses of mice to inactivated rabies vaccine administered orally: potentiation by Quillaja saponin

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Maharaj ◽  
K. J. Froh ◽  
J. B. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Many ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Quillaja Saponin

Administered orally, Quillaja saponin markedly potentiated the humoral immune responses of mice fed inactivated rabies vaccine, and significantly increased their resistance to subsequent intracerebral challenge with live rabies virus. Although mean serum neutralizing antibody titres were generally 8- to 16-fold higher when vaccine was given intraperitoneally, orally administered vaccine, with saponin, stimulated production of high protective antibody levels that were maintained for at least 6 months. The potentiating effect of saponin appeared to be mediated through several mechanisms, one of which was by increasing the permeability of the intestinal mucosa, allowing increased uptake of viral antigen. The potentiating effect was enhanced when saponin was administered in advance (up to at least 16 h) of the oral vaccine. Mice tolerated the effective saponin doses without any visible signs of distress or injury. In view of the many favourable physiological activities and low toxicity of orally delivered saponins, it is suggested that they may find more general applications in the immunopotentiation of oral vaccines.

scholarly journals Immunological and Microbiological Profiling of Cumulative Risk Score for Periodontitis

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonas Liukkonen ◽  
Ulvi K. Gürsoy ◽  
Eija Könönen ◽  
Ramin Akhi ◽  
Aino Salminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Local Host

The cumulative risk score (CRS) is a mathematical salivary diagnostic model to define an individual’s risk of having periodontitis. In order to further validate this salivary biomarker, we investigated how periodontal bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and systemic and local host immune responses relate to CRS. Subgingival plaque, saliva, and serum samples collected from 445 individuals were used in the analyses. Plaque levels of 28 microbial species, especially those of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia, and serum and salivary levels of IgA and IgG against these five species were determined. Additionally, LPS activity was measured. High CRS associated strongly with all IgA/IgG antibody and LPS levels in saliva, whereas in serum the associations were not that obvious. In the final logistic regression model, the best predictors of high CRS were saliva IgA burden against the five species (OR 7.04, 95% CI 2.25–22.0), IgG burden (3.79, 1.78–8.08), LPS (2.19, 1.38–3.47), and the sum of 17 subgingival Gram-negative species (6.19, 2.10–18.3). CRS is strongly associated with microbial biomarker species of periodontitis and salivary humoral immune responses against them.

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