Identification and characterization of novel porcine astroviruses (PAstVs) with high prevalence and frequent co-infection of individual pigs with multiple PAstV types

Many astrovirus (AstV) species are associated with enteric disease, although extraintestinal manifestations in mammalian and avian hosts have also been described. In this study, the prevalence rates of porcine AstV types 1–5 (PAstV1–PAstV5) were investigated using faecal samples from 509 pigs of which 488 (95.9 %) came from farms with a history of diarrhoea. All of the five known PAstV types were found to circulate in pigs in the USA, and co-infection of a single pig with two or more PAstV types was frequently observed. A high overall prevalence of 64.0 % (326/509) of PAstV RNA-positive samples was detected, with 97.2 % (317/326) of the PAstV RNA-positive pigs infected with PAstV4. Further genomic sequencing and characterization of the selected isolates revealed low sequence identities (49.2–89.0 %) with known PAstV strains, indicating novel types or genotypes of PAstV2, PAstV4 and PAstV5. Some new features of the genomes of the PAstVs were also discovered. The first complete genome of a PAstV3 isolate was obtained and showed identities of 50.5–55.3 % with mink AstV and the novel human AstVs compared with 38.4–42.7 % with other PAstV types. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PAstV1, PAstV2 and PAstV3 were more closely related to AstVs from humans and other animals than to each other, indicating past cross-species transmission and the zoonotic potential of these PAstVs.

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Identification and complete genome characterization of a novel picornavirus in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.043224-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 93 (10) ◽

pp. 2171-2182 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Ákos Boros ◽

Csaba Nemes ◽

Péter Pankovics ◽

Beatrix Kapusinszky ◽

Eric Delwart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Bird Species ◽

Entry Site ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Genome Characterization ◽

Genome Region ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

The Usa

Members of the family Picornaviridae are important pathogens of humans and animals, although compared with the thousands of known bird species (>10 000), only a few (n = 11) picornaviruses have been identified from avian sources. This study reports the metagenomic detection and complete genome characterization of a novel turkey picornavirus from faecal samples collected from eight turkey farms in Hungary. Using RT-PCR, both healthy (two of three) and affected (seven of eight) commercial turkeys with enteric and/or stunting syndrome were shown to be shedding viruses in seven (88 %) of the eight farms. The viral genome sequence (turkey/M176/2011/HUN; GenBank accession no. JQ691613) shows a high degree of amino acid sequence identity (96 %) to the partial P3 genome region of a picornavirus reported recently in turkey and chickens from the USA and probably belongs to the same species. In the P1 and P2 regions, turkey/M176/2011/HUN is related most closely to, but distinct from, the kobuviruses and turdivirus 1. Complete genome analysis revealed the presence of characteristic picornaviral amino acid motifs, a potential type II-like 5′ UTR internal ribosome entry site (first identified among avian-origin picornaviruses) and a conserved, 48 nt long ‘barbell-like’ structure found at the 3′ UTR of turkey/M176/2011/HUN and members of the picornavirus genera Avihepatovirus and Kobuvirus. The general presence of turkey picornavirus – a novel picornavirus species – in faecal samples from healthy and affected turkeys in Hungary and in the USA suggests the worldwide occurrence and endemic circulation of this virus in turkey farms. Further studies are needed to investigate the aetiological role and pathogenic potential of this picornavirus in food animals.

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Identification and Characterization of a Novel clcn7 Variant Associated With Osteopetrosis

10.20944/preprints202009.0543.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dmitrii S. Bug ◽

Ildar M. Barkhatov ◽

Yana V. Gudozhnikova ◽

Artem V. Tishkov ◽

Natalia V. Petukhova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Analysis ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Novel Variant ◽

Uncertain Significance ◽

Precise Diagnosis ◽

History Of ◽

Identification And Characterization

Osteopetrosis is a group of rare inheritable disorders of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density. The disease is remarkably heterogeneous in clinical presentation and often misdiagnosed. Therefore, genetic testing and molecular pathogenicity analysis are essential for precise diagnosis and new targets for preventive pharmacotherapy. Mutations in the CLCN7 gene give rise to the complete spectrum of osteopetrosis phenotypes and are responsible for about 75% of cases of autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. In this study, we report the identification of a novel variant in the CLCN7 gene in a patient diagnosed with osteopetrosis and provide evidence for its significance (likely deleterious) based on extensive comparative genomics, protein sequence and structure analysis. A set of automated bioinformatics tools used to predict consequences of this variant identified it as deleterious or pathogenic. Structure analysis revealed that the variant is located at the same “hot spot” as the most common CLCN7 mutations causing osteopetrosis. Deep phylogenetic reconstruction showed that not only Leu614Arg, but any non-aliphatic substitutions in this position are evolutionarily intolerant, further supporting the deleterious nature of the variant. The present study provides further evidence that reconstructing a precise evolutionary history of a gene helps predicting phenotypical consequences of variants of uncertain significance.

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Molecular characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages: Identification and characterization of the novel virus B86

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(88)90636-8 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 164 (1) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John J. Kilbane ◽

Robert V. Miller

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

The Novel ◽

Novel Virus ◽

Identification And Characterization

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Development and characterization of twelve new polymorphic microsatellite loci in the Iberian ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltl (Caudata: Salamandridae), with data on cross-amplification in P. nebulosus

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/15685381-00002926 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 129-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jorge Gutiérrez-Rodríguez ◽

Elena G. Gonzalez ◽

Íñigo Martínez-Solano

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

The Novel ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

History Of ◽

Southern Iberia ◽

Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽

Pleurodeles Waltl

Twelve novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the Iberian ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltl (Caudata, Salamandridae). The distribution of this newt ranges from central and southern Iberia to northwestern Morocco. Polymorphism of these novel loci was tested in 40 individuals from two Iberian populations and compared with previously published markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to eight. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.57 and from 0.21 to 0.64, respectively. Cross-species amplification was tested in Pleurodeles nebulosus, which is listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Eight new and seven previously published loci amplified successfully in that species and thus represent a valuable conservation tool. The novel microsatellites will be useful for a better understanding of the population dynamics, demography, genetic structure, and evolutionary history of Pleurodeles waltl and P. nebulosus.

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Identification and characterization of two novel genomic RNA segments of fig mosaic virus, RNA5 and RNA6

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.042663-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 93 (7) ◽

pp. 1612-1619 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Kazuya Ishikawa ◽

Kensaku Maejima ◽

Ken Komatsu ◽

Yugo Kitazawa ◽

Masayoshi Hashimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

The Novel ◽

Genomic Rna ◽

Evolutionary Patterns ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Fig Mosaic Virus ◽

Identification And Characterization

Fig mosaic virus (FMV), a negative-strand RNA virus, is recognized as a causal agent of fig mosaic disease. We performed RT-PCR for 14 FMV isolates collected from symptomatic fig plants in Japan and Serbia using primers corresponding to the conserved 13 nt stretches found at the termini of FMV genomic segments. The resulting simultaneous amplification of all FMV genomic segments yielded four previously identified segments of FMV and two novel segments. These novel FMV genomic RNA segments were found in each of the 14 FMV isolates analysed. In Northern blot studies, both the sense and antisense strands of these novel RNA molecules accumulated in FMV-infected fig leaves but not in uninfected fig leaves, confirming that they replicate as FMV genomic segments. Sequence analysis showed that the novel RNA segments are similar, in their structural organization and molecular evolutionary patterns, to those of known FMV genomic RNA segments. Our findings thus indicate that these newly discovered RNA segments are previously unidentified FMV genomic segments, which we have designated RNA5 and RNA6.

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Mycoparasitic antagonism of a Trichoderma harzianum strain isolated from banana plants in Oaxaca, Mexico

Biotecnia ◽

10.18633/biotecnia.v23i1.1310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 127-134

Author(s):

Ana Claudia Sánchez-Espinosa ◽

José Luis Villarruel-Ordaz ◽

Luis David Maldonado Bonilla

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

The Novel ◽

Panama Disease ◽

Banana Production ◽

Biocontrol Potential ◽

Identification And Characterization

Bananas are important crops in developing countries with tropical climate. In Mexico, the banana production has increased, and it must be guaranteed. The Panama disease, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense threatens the current banana production, for what is necessary to implement methods to protect this crop. Fungi from genus Trichoderma are natural residents of the rhizosphere. This genus comprises mycoparasite species used to control diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi, and also benefit plant development. In this report, we present data of the identification and characterization of the novel strain Trichoderma harzianum M110 that displays antagonism and biocontrol potential in laboratory conditions. Exploration of the rhizosphere and the endophytic microbial communities might help to identify microbes adapted to banana plants that can be incorporated in organic biological control formulations that ensure production of Fusarium-free plants and healthy fruits with export quality.

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Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Gefitinib Novel Degradation Products by NMR and HRMS, Method Development and Validation by UPLC

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.23210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 1743-1748

Author(s):

Ramulu Yanaka ◽

Hima Bindu Gandham ◽

Chidananda Swamy Rumalla ◽

Muralidharan Kaliyaperumal ◽

Shaik John Saida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Method Development ◽

Degradation Products ◽

2D Nmr ◽

The Novel ◽

Ich Guidelines ◽

Stress Degradation ◽

Method Development And Validation ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Identification And Characterization

Gefitinib (GFT) sold under the brand name Iressa, is a medication used to treat certain type of breast, lung and other cancers, Gefitinib was subject to stress degradation under acidic, basic, peroxide mediated oxidation, photolytic and thermal degradation. The stress degradation was performed according to ICH guidelines Q1A(R2) and the drug was inert under thermal and photolytic conditions. One degradant is identified in acid hydrolysis referred as 7-methoxy-6-(3-morpholinopropoxy) quinazolin-4(3H)-one (GFT-DP1) and two degradants were formed in peroxide mediated hydrolysis referred as 4-(3-((4-((3- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-7-methoxy-1-oxidoquinazolin-6-yl)oxy)-propyl)morpholine-4-oxide (GFT-DP2) and 4-(3-((4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)amino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yl)oxy)-propyl)- morpholine-4-oxide (GFT-DP3). In present study, all the novel three degradation product structures were confirmed by HRMS and 1D (1H, 13C) and 2D (COSY, HSQC and HMBC) based on 1D and 2D NMR data proton and carbon chemical shift values assigned exactly for all degradation products. A stability indicating RP-UPLC method was developed and validated with shorter run time and this method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, accuracy, LOD and LOQ.

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Genetic characterization of Blastocystis from wild animals in Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China-Zoonotic potential

10.21203/rs.3.rs-471433/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shanyu Chen ◽

Wangyu Meng ◽

Ziyao Zhou ◽

Lei Deng ◽

Xiaogang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pcr Amplification ◽

Human Infection ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Zoonotic Potential ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Natural Reserve ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Wide Range

Abstract Background Blastocystis, a highly prevalent eukaryotic parasite, has been identified in a wide range of hosts, including humans, domestic and wild animals. Many animals are potential sources of Blastocystis infection for humans, while few information about the prevalence of Blastocystis in wild animals have being documented. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis in wild animals of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve, southwestern of China, so as to assess the zoonotic potential of these animals. Methods A total of 300 faecal samples were collected from 27 wildlife species in three areas of Sichuan Wolong National Natural Reserve in southwestern China. The subtype (ST) genetic characteristics and prevalence of Blastocystis were determined by PCR amplification of the barcode region (a fragment of ∼600 bp) of the SSU rRNA gene, and phylogenetic analysis were further performed to determine the genetic characteristics of Blastocystis subtypes. Results 30 of 300 faecal samples (10.0%) were Blastocystis-positive. The highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in Yinchanggou (18.3%), which was significantly higher than that in Niutoushan (7.5%), and Genda (5.5%) (P < 0.05). Specifically, the highest prevalence of Blastocystis was found in primates (20.0%, 1/5), followed by rodentia 14.3% (1/7), artiodactyla 13.1% (26/198), carnivora 2.3% (2/87), galliformes 0% (0/3). Sequence analysis showed 5 subtypes (ST1, ST3, ST5, ST13, and ST14), with ST13 and ST14 as the predominant subtype (33.3%, 10/30), followed by ST1 (20.0%, 6/30). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular investigation on Blastocystis infection in wild animals in southwestern of China. ST1, ST3, and ST5 were identified in both humans and wild animals, suggesting that these wild animals may be potential reservoirs of Blastocystis for human infection.

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THE PORTRAIT OF THE AMERICAN WOMAN IN MARGARET MITCHELL'S NOVEL "GONE WITH THE WIND"

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij31061749a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 1749-1753

Author(s):

Lirije Ameti

Keyword(s):

Women Characters ◽

American Woman ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Novel ◽

Gone With The Wind ◽

Woman Character ◽

The Us ◽

The Usa ◽

Artistic Achievement ◽

History Of

This theme, The Portrait of the American Woman in Margaret Mitchell's Novel " Gone With The Wind " is broad, challenging, interesting and among many contradictory to one another's point of view, at different social grounds , periods of time simply or merely of the fact that a female writer of this tremendous saga read mostly by women represents multi dimensional themes. It is an interweave of tradition, history , war, social classes, Reconstruction, transition and more. All these and many other themes written with a masterful disciplined imagination put in the longest novel in history. A masterpiece of 1037 pages published in 1939 and subsequently in the greatest and longest motion picture on screen. Piling up records and building it's own history and legends. The novel has sold in more than 25 million copies in at least 27 languages in thirty countries and in more than 185 editions according to the research conducted in 2004. These figures continue to increase, not to mention that the film is seen by more individuals than the total population of the USA. GWTW has grown and conflated into a phenomenon of American and later into a phenomenon of levels of basic appreciation after international popular culture. Thus criticism was attested at the levels of basic appreciation , often in the opposite poles of love and /or hate , the evaluation again in bipolar terms of praise and / or scorn. On the popular level the book was lauded and in the literary world it was defamed. Mitchell's novel " Gone With The Wind " was seen as important symbols of American culture forces. A serious biography in 1965 sparked reconsiderations simply by the assumption of Mitchell's importance as a writer. Other re- evaluations followed which asserted the literary quality of the work, notably in feminist terms. Attesting the qualities that critics wrote such as Michener who said: " The spiritual history of a region". Many other scholarly papers have been undertaken to attack it and completed to praise it. Because of the enormous popularity , readability , embodiment of the heroine woman character Scarlett O'Hara with many other women who saw themselves in those situations or experienced the same then or even nowadays. These multi themes to discuss about, issues primarily of women, the novel is defined as a woman's literary artistic achievement, seen through the eyes off a woman Scarlett herself and many other women characters. Is seen the distinction of the past and present of the old and new society. Mitchell herself says it is about courage and gumption to change as a necessity in order to survive war, reconstruction and transition. The search of survival by poor and nearly defeated young women who had no control or capacity to understand these tensions. Indeed this novel has become an icon of the US culture.

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