scholarly journals Inter- and intralineage recombinants are common in natural populations of Turnip mosaic virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 2683-2696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyang Tan ◽  
Yasuhiko Wada ◽  
Jishuang Chen ◽  
Kazusato Ohshima
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Recombination Hotspots ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sequence Similarities ◽  
Complete Genomic

A recombination map of the genome of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) was assembled using data from 19 complete genomic sequences, previously reported, and a composite sample of three regions of the genome, one-third in total, of a representative Asia-wide collection of 70 isolates. Thus, a total of 89 isolates of worldwide origin was analysed for recombinants. Eighteen recombination sites were found spaced throughout the 5′ two-thirds of the genome, but there were only two in the 3′ one-third; thus, 24 and 35 % of the P1 and NIa-VPg gene sequences examined were recombinants, whereas only 1 % of the corresponding NIa-Pro and CP gene sequences were recombinants. Recombinants with parents from the same or from different lineages were found, and some recombination sites characterized particular lineages. Most of the strain BR recombinants belonged to the Asian-BR group, as defined previously, and it was concluded that this lineage resulted from a recent migration, whereas many of the strain B recombinants from Asia fell into the world-B group. Again, a large proportion of isolates in this group were recombinants. Some recombination sites were found only in particular lineages, and hence seemed more likely to be the surviving progeny from single recombinational events, rather than the progeny of multiple events occurring at recombination hotspots. It seems that the presence of recombination sites, as well as sequence similarities, may be used to trace the migration and evolution of TuMV.

scholarly journals Molecular and Biological Characterisation of Turnip mosaic virus Isolates Infecting Poppy (Papaver somniferum and P. rhoeas) in Slovakia

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Glasa ◽  
Katarína Šoltys ◽  
Lukáš Predajňa ◽  
Nina Sihelská ◽  
Slavomíra Nováková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Virus Isolates

In recent years, the accumulated molecular data of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates from various hosts originating from different parts of the world considerably helped to understand the genetic complexity and evolutionary history of the virus. In this work, four complete TuMV genomes (HC9, PK1, MS04, MS15) were characterised from naturally infected cultivated and wild-growing Papaver spp., hosts from which only very scarce data were available previously. Phylogenetic analyses showed the affiliation of Slovak Papaver isolates to the world-B and basal-B groups. The PK1 isolate showed a novel intra-lineage recombination pattern, further confirming the important role of recombination in the shaping of TuMV genetic diversity. Biological assays indicated that the intensity of symptoms in experimentally inoculated oilseed poppy are correlated to TuMV accumulation level in leaves. This is the first report of TuMV in poppy plants in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Patterns of recombination in turnip mosaic virus genomic sequences indicate hotspots of recombination

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 298-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazusato Ohshima ◽  
Yasuhiro Tomitaka ◽  
Jeffery T. Wood ◽  
Yoshiteru Minematsu ◽  
Hiromi Kajiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Sequence Composition ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Complete Genomic

Potyviruses have variable single-stranded RNA genomes and many show clear evidence of recombination. This report studied the distribution of recombination sites in the genomes of 92 isolates of the potyvirus Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV); 42 came from the international gene sequence databases and an additional 50 complete genomic sequences were generated from field samples collected in Europe and Asia. The sequences were examined for evidence of recombination using seven different sequence comparison methods and the exact position of each site was confirmed by sequence composition analysis. Recombination sites were found throughout the genomes, except in the small 6K1 protein gene, and only 24 of the genomes (26 %) showed no evidence of recombination. Statistically significant clusters of recombination sites were found in the P1 gene and in the CI/6K2/VPg gene region. Most recombination sites were bordered by an upstream (5′) region of GC-rich and downstream (3′) region of AU-rich sequence of a similar length. Correlations between the presence and type of recombination site and provenance, host type and phylogenetic relationships are discussed, as is the role of recombination in TuMV evolution.

scholarly journals The Cylindrical Inclusion Gene of Turnip mosaic virus Encodes a Pathogenic Determinant to the Brassica Resistance Gene TuRB01

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1102-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jenner ◽  
F. Sánchez ◽  
S. B. Nettleship ◽  
G. D. Foster ◽  
F. Ponz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Cylindrical Inclusion ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Cp Gene

The viral component of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) determining virulence to the Brassica napus TuRB01 dominant resistance allele has been identified. Sequence comparisons of an infectious cDNA clone of the UK 1 isolate of TuMV (avirulent on TuRB01) and a spontaneous mutant capable of infecting plants possessing TuRB01 suggested that a single nucleotide change in the cylindrical inclusion (CI) protein coding region (gene) of the virus was responsible for the altered phenotype. A second spontaneous mutation involved a different change in the CI gene. The construction of chimeric genomes and subsequent inoculations to plant lines segregating for TuRB01 confirmed the involvement of the CI gene in this interaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of the viral coat protein (CP) gene at the ninth nucleotide was carried out to investigate its interaction with TuRB01. The identity of this nucleotide in the CP gene did not affect the outcome of the viral infection. Both mutations identified in the CI gene caused amino acid changes in the C terminal third of the protein, outside any of the conserved sequences reported to be associated with helicase or cell-to-cell transport activities. This is the first example of a potyvirus CI gene acting as a determinant for a genotype-specific resistance interaction.

Complete genomic sequence analyses of Turnip mosaic virus basal-BR isolates from China

Virus Genes ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yan Wang ◽  
Jin-Liang Liu ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Yun-Hua Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Complete Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Complete Genomic

scholarly journals Construction of Full-length Infectious cDNA Clones of Two Korean Isolates of Turnip Mosaic Virus Breaking Resistance in Brassica Napus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-Xing Song ◽  
Eun-Young Seo ◽  
Wen-Xing Hu ◽  
Jong-Hyeon Jeong ◽  
Jae Sun Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
The World ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Abstract In this work, two new Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) strains (Canola-12 and Canola-14) overcoming resistance in canola (Brassica napus) were isolated from a B. napus sample which showed typical TuMV-like symptoms and was collected from Gimcheon city, South Korea in 2020. Complete genomes and infectious clones of each isolate were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strains isolated from canola belonged to the World-B group. Both infectious clones which were driven by 35S and T7 promoters induced systemic symptoms on Nicotiana benthamiana and B. napus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV infecting B. napus in South Korea.

scholarly journals Molecular evolution of Turnip mosaic virus: evidence of host adaptation, genetic recombination and geographical spread

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1511-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazusato Ohshima ◽  
Yuka Yamaguchi ◽  
Ryo Hirota ◽  
Tamaki Hamamoto ◽  
Kenta Tomimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
The World ◽  
Variable Group

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), a species of the genus Potyvirus, occurs worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of TuMV were collected from around the world, mostly from Brassica and Raphanus crops, but also from several non-brassica species. Host tests grouped the isolates into one or other of two pathotypes; Brassica (B) and Brassica–Raphanus (BR). The nucleotide sequences of the first protein (P1) and coat protein (CP) genes of the isolates were determined. One-tenth of the isolates were found to have anomalous and variable phylogenetic relationships as a result of recombination. The 5′-terminal 300 nt of the P1 gene of many isolates was also variable and phylogenetically anomalous, whereas the 380 nt 3′ terminus of the CP gene was mostly conserved. Trees calculated from the remaining informative parts of the two genes of the non-recombinant sequences by neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods were closely similar, and so these parts of the sequences were concatenated and trees calculated from the resulting 1150 nt. The isolates fell into four consistent groups; only the relationships of these groups with one another and with the outgroup differed. The ‘basal-B’ cluster of eight B-pathotype isolates was most variable, was not monophyletic, and came from both brassicas and non-brassicas from southwest and central Eurasia. Closest to it, and forming a monophyletic subgroup of it in most trees, and similarly variable, was the ‘basal-BR’ group of eight BR pathotype Eurasian isolates. The third and least variable group, the ‘Asian-BR’ group, was of 22 BR-pathotype isolates, all from brassicas, mostly Raphanus, and all from east Asia mostly Japan. The fourth group of 36 isolates, the ‘world-B’ group, was from all continents, most were isolated from brassicas and most were of the B-pathotype. The simplest of several possible interpretations of the trees is that TuMV originated, like its brassica hosts, in Europe and spread to the other parts of the world, and that the BR pathotype has recently evolved in east Asia.

scholarly journals RNA Silencing of the Introduced Coat Protein Gene of Turnip mosaic virus Confers Broad-Spectrum Resistance in Transgenic Arabidopsis

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 730-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Nomura ◽  
Kazusato Ohshima ◽  
Toyoaki Anai ◽  
Hidetoshi Uekusa ◽  
Nobuhiro Kita
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Successive Generations

The coat protein (CP) gene derived from Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolate JO was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana and the resulting transgenic progenies were analyzed for resistance to TuMV. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants with no detectable transcripts of the introduced CP gene exhibited complete resistance to TuMV. There was no significant correlation between the resistance and the copy number of the transgene. Instead, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were detected in these resistant plants, indicating that the resistance is attributed to RNA silencing. The RNA-mediated resistance was not only inherited over successive generations but also effective against 17 worldwide TuMV isolates with different pathogenicity. Comparative analysis of the CP genes among the 17 TuMV isolates revealed that the 380-nt in the 3′ region is highly conserved, suggesting the importance of the 3′ conserved region for broad-spectrum resistance. These results indicate that introduction of the TuMV-CP gene into the target Brassicaceae plants followed by selecting transformants that show RNA silencing for the transgenes can be an effective and reliable strategy for developing crucifer crops with a broad spectrum of resistance to TuMV.

scholarly journals A clade of telosma mosaic virus from Thailand is undergoing geographical expansion and genetic differentiation in passionfruit of Vietnam and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaowei Yu ◽  
Qin Lian ◽  
Huihuang Lin ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Yizhong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Cp Gene ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Clade 1

AbstractPassionfruit (Passiflora edulis) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Several viruses of the genus Potyvirus pose serious threat to passion fruit production. The origin, dispersal and evolution of these potyviruses, however, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the genetic structure of telosma mosaic virus (TelMV), a potyvirus that infects passionfruit in East and Southeast Asia, after a survey of its incidence in passionfruit plants of China. The phylogeny inferred from 140 nucleotide sequences of the coat protein (CP) gene of TelMV, including 96 determined in this study, separated this virus into 4 clades. TelMV isolates from passionfruit were placed into Clade 1–3, while those from other plant species into Clade 4. Interestingly, TelMV isolates of passionfruit from Thailand were found in all the three clades of Clade 1–3, but those from China and Vietnam were found exclusively in Clade 1. Nevertheless, TelMV isolates within Clade 1 tended to cluster according to their geographical origin. Geographical populations from Thailand, Taiwan and Hainan islands of China showed significant genetic differences with one another and with those from Guangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Jiangsu provinces of China. Altogether, these data suggest that several distinct TelMV clades had arisen from the passionfruit of Thailand, but only one of which was dispersed. In expanding its distribution, this clade of TelMV has undergone geography-associated evolution. Further studies on this hypothesis may shed new insights into mechanisms underlying the emergence of potyviral diseases in passionfruit plants.

Identification of maize mosaic virus by immunoelectron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Maize Mosaic Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Rhabdovirus

Maize mosaic virus (MMV) causes a severe disease of Zea mays in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including the southern U.S. (1-3). Fig. 1 shows internal cross striations of helical nucleoprotein and bounding membrane with surface projections typical of many plant rhabdovirus particles including MMV (3). Immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) was investigated as a method for identifying MMV. Antiserum to MMV was supplied by Ramon Lastra (Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Caracas, Venezuela).

Gender Ideology and Fertility: Evidence for a Curvilinear Hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Prati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
World Population ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between fertility and gender ideology revealed inconsistent results. In the present study, we argue that inconsistencies may be due to the fact that such relationship may be nonlinear. We hypothesize a U- shaped relationship between two dimensions of gender ideology (i.e. primacy of breadwinner role and acceptance of male privilege) and fertility rates. We conducted a cross-national analysis of 60 countries using data from the World Values Survey as well as the World Population Prospects 2019. Controlling for gross domestic product, we found support for a U-shaped relationship between gender ideology and fertility. Higher levels of fertility rates were found at lower and especially higher levels of traditional gender ideology, while a medium level of gender ideology was associated with the lowest fertility rate. This curvilinear relationship is in agreement with the phase of the gender revolution in which the country is located. Traditional beliefs are linked to a complementary division of private versus public sphere between sexes, while egalitarian attitudes are associated with a more equitable division. Both conditions strengthen fertility. Instead, as in the transition phase, intermediate levels of gender ideology’s support are associated with an overload and a difficult reconciliation of the roles that women have to embody (i.e. working and nurturing) so reducing fertility. The present study has contributed to the literature by addressing the inconsistencies of prior research by demonstrating that the relationship between gender ideology and fertility rates is curvilinear rather than linear.

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