scholarly journals Successful induction of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in lambs of different ages and detection of viraemia during the preclinical period

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 3319-3324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Salvatori ◽  
Lorenzo González ◽  
Patricia Dewar ◽  
Christina Cousens ◽  
Marcelo de las Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Successful Induction ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intratracheal Injection

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) can be reproduced consistently in neonatal lambs by intratracheal injection of inocula containing jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). In this study, clinical disease, confirmed pathologically as OPA, was induced in a high proportion of lambs that had been inoculated intratracheally with infectious lung fluid at 1, 3 and 6 months of age. The incubation periods, however, were longer in these three age groups than in 1-week-old lambs that were used as controls. Viraemia was detected in all age groups before onset of clinical signs, but occurred later in older animals. These results suggest an age-dependent susceptibility to OPA that could be determined by the availability of JSRV target cells in the ovine lung. The feasibility of inducing OPA in older lambs and detecting JSRV viraemia in preclinical stages enables improved studies on the pathogenesis, assessment of vaccines, diagnosis and control of the disease.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic Challenges of Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Hélder Quintas ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
Andreia Garcês ◽  
Justina Prada ◽  
Filipe Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Club Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Adenomatosis ◽  
And Control

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), also known as sheep pulmonary adenomatosis and jaagsiekte, is a contagious pulmonary tumor of sheep, characterized by neoplastic proliferation of type II pneumocyte and club cells. OPA is induced by the oncogenic activity of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) of exogenous jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). This disease is associated with significant economic losses in numerous sheep raising countries. The onset of suggestive clinical signs is often late, making difficult the early diagnosis of the disease and timely implementation of control measures on the affected farms. Further, the lack of diagnostic tests that can be performed routinely by veterinary clinicians to accurately assess infected animals (e.g., serological or others) means that the true prevalence at flock level is not known. Imaging diagnostic methods (e.g., ultrasound, X-ray and computed tomography) can be used to support the clinical diagnosis, even in pre-clinical stages in affected flocks. The diagnosis must be confirmed by PCR of nasal excretions or immunohistochemistry and PCR of tumor lesions. No vaccine for OPA has yet been developed. Thus, in this work, we review the main methods of diagnosis of OPA in order to support the clinician in the identification of the disease, avoid underdiagnosis and allow the implementation of suitable measures to prevent and control its spread.

scholarly journals Clinical-histopathological and molecular study of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in Awassi sheep in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-458
Author(s):  
Khalefa Ali Mansour ◽  
Saad Hashim Al-Husseiny ◽  
Qassim Haleem Kshash ◽  
Asaad Jassim
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Awassi Sheep

Aim: This study aimed to conduct a clinical-histopathological and molecular evaluation of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) in Awassi sheep in various regions of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 sheep were clinically evaluated, and the wheelbarrow test was performed. 100 samples (35 blood, 25 lung tissue, 20 lymph node, and 20 lung fluid samples) were randomly selected from living and slaughtered sheep. All samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological examinations were performed for four lung tissue and two lymph node samples. Results: A diagnosis of OPA was made based on the results of the clinical examination and the clinical signs shown by the animals, such as dyspnea, polypnea, coughing, mucous nasal discharge, moist rales on auscultation of the affected lungs, and emaciation. Interestingly, the animals tested positive for the wheelbarrow test, with frothy nares accompanied by profuse and clear lung fluid. Histopathological examination showed various lesions such as glandular transformation in the lung tissues and emphysema. Moreover, lymph nodes showed marked follicular atrophy and necrosis-associated lymphocyte infiltration in the affected tissues. PCR revealed that 25% of the samples including eight (22.8%) blood, five (20%) lung tissue, five (25%) lymph node, and seven (35%) lung fluid samples were positive for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus; this result was highly significant. Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that in Iraq, OPA diagnosis should be based on pathological findings and results of advanced procedures such as PCR.

scholarly journals Systemic immune responses following infection with Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and in the terminal stages of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1753-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Summers ◽  
William Neill ◽  
Patricia Dewar ◽  
Lorenzo Gonzalez ◽  
Renate van der Molen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
And Control

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the aetiological agent of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA). To monitor changes in cellular immune function during JSRV infection, lymphoproliferation in response to various mitogens was measured in the blood of conventionally housed and specific-pathogen-free lambs experimentally infected with JSRV until the development of OPA and compared with uninfected control lambs. In addition, blood samples collected from adult field cases in the terminal stages of OPA and control adult sheep were compared. No difference in the proliferative response to phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen between the animal groups was detected. In contrast, reduced responses to concanavalin A stimulation were demonstrated in the JSRV-inoculated lambs, prior to the onset of clinical disease, and also in the terminally ill adult sheep. Peripheral blood leukocytes were monitored to identify phenotypic frequency alterations. The CD4 lymphocytopaenia and neutrophilia reported previously in adult OPA cases were demonstrated but similar phenotypic changes were not identified during experimental infection.

scholarly journals Power Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of Peripheral Joint, Entheses, Tendon, and Bursa Abnormalities in Psoriatic Patients: A Clinical Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjiao Tang ◽  
Yujia Yang ◽  
Xi Xiang ◽  
Liyun Wang ◽  
Lingyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Power Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
And Control

Objective.To evaluate the prevalence rates of peripheral joint, enthesis, tendon, and bursa abnormalities by power Doppler (PD) ultrasonic examination in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), psoriatic patients without clinical signs of arthritis (non-PsA psoriasis group), and healthy individuals, to detect subclinical PsA.Methods.A total of 253 healthy volunteers, 242 non-PsA psoriatic patients, and 86 patients with PsA were assessed by 2-dimensional and power Doppler (PD) ultrasound. Peripheral joint, enthesis, tendon, and bursa abnormalities were observed, characterizing abnormal PD. The affected patients and sites with abnormalities in various ages were compared among groups; PD signal grades for the abnormalities were also compared.Results.In the PsA group, significantly higher percentages of sites showing joint effusion/synovitis, enthesitis, and tenosynovitis in all age groups, and markedly higher rates of sites with bursitis were found in young and middle age groups, compared with the non-PsA and control groups (all p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the non-PsA group showed significantly higher rates of joint effusion/synovitis and enthesitis sites, and elevated PD signal grades of synovitis, enthesitis, and tenosynovitis in comparison with the control group, both in young and middle age groups (all p < 0.01).Conclusion.Patients with PsA have high percentages and PD signal grades of peripheral joint, tendon, enthesis, and bursa involvement. Young and middle-aged non-PsA patients have high synovitis and enthesitis percentages, and elevated PD signal grades of synovitis, enthesitis, and tenosynovitis.

scholarly journals Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma diagnosis and control in practice

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
Davinia Hinde ◽  
Mike Evans ◽  
Phil Scott
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
And Control

This article discusses the diagnosis and control of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA), an ‘iceberg disease’ which can have both a large economic impact on flocks, and a damaging effect on the reputation of flocks supplying animals for breeding purposes. The potential control methods and their limitations are discussed, and two case studies illustrate how they have been applied by mixed practitioners working on commercial farms.

Watery mouth disease in neonatal lambs: a systematic literature review

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Angell ◽  
Jennifer Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Neonatal Lambs ◽  
Birth Environment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Timely Administration

Watery mouth disease is considered to be a significant cause of neonatal mortality in lambs. The clinical signs are strongly associated with an endotoxaemia produced as a result of the lysis of Gram-negative bacteria. It has been associated with mass antibiosis to neonatal lambs at birth, a practice which is now untenable. It can be prevented in many cases through the timely administration of good quality colostrum and a hygienic birth environment. However, despite this, much remains unknown about the specific aetiopathogenesis. Alternative strategies for prevention, treatment and control are required, particularly when colostrum quality is poor, or delivery is absent, and where unhygienic conditions predominate.

Diagnosis and control of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (Jaagsiekte)

In Practice ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 382-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Scott ◽  
David Griffiths ◽  
Chris Cousens
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
And Control

Completeness of West Nile virus testing in patients with meningitis and encephalitis during an outbreak in Arizona, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1632-1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. WEBER ◽  
N. P. LINDSEY ◽  
A. M. BUNKO-PATTERSON ◽  
G. BRIGGS ◽  
T. J. WADLEIGH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
And Control ◽  
Virus Testing

SUMMARYAccurate data on West Nile virus (WNV) cases help guide public health education and control activities, and impact regional WNV blood product screening procedures. During an outbreak of WNV disease in Arizona, records from patients with meningitis or encephalitis were reviewed to determine the proportion tested for WNV. Of 60 patients identified with meningitis or encephalitis, 24 (40%) were tested for WNV. Only 12 (28%) of 43 patients aged <50 years were tested for WNV compared to 12 (71%) of 17 patients aged ⩾50 years (P<0·01). Patients with clinical signs of weakness or paralysis, elevated CSF protein, admitted to an inpatient facility, or discharged to a rehabilitation facility were also more likely to have WNV testing performed. The lack of testing in younger age groups and in those with less severe disease probably resulted in substantial underestimates of WNV neuroinvasive disease burden.

scholarly journals Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma in slaughtered sheep: A pathological and polymerase chain reaction study

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Azizi ◽  
Elahe Tajbakhsh ◽  
Farzad Fathi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Atypical Form ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Normal Lungs

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) is a contagious tumour in sheep caused by jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV). This tumour originates from the pneumocyte type II and Clara cells and grossly appears as hard, prominent nodules in different lobes. The clinical signs of the disease are similar to those of other chronic respiratory diseases and are not pathogonomic. Therefore, post mortem examinations and histopathological studies are the most reliable ways to diagnose OPA, particularly subclinical cases of this neoplasm. In this study, out of 1000 sheep lungs grossly inspected, 50 animals were suspected of OPA. The suspected lungs as well as 25 apparently normal lungs were examined by histopathological and PCR methods. The proviral DNA was detected in 1/25 apparently normal lungs and 8/50 of the suspected lungs and subsequently confirmed by histopathological studies. The PCR-positive lung samples from five sheep revealed lesions of ’atypical’ OPA and those from three sheep showed the ’classic’ form of the disease. The tumours were multifocal and the masses were distributed throughout the cranioventral and diaphragmatic lung lobes. The stroma of the tumours in the atypical cases was more severely affected with inflammatory cell infiltration and connective tissue proliferation. The histopathological characteristics of maedi including hyperplasia of the perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphoid cells, interstitial lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and smooth muscle hyperplasia were also associated with OPA, especially the atypical form of this adenocarcinoma. Atypical OPA was more prevalent than the classic form. Geographic and climatic conditions, duration of exposure to the virus and the immune status of individual animals might be responsible for the differences between the two pathological entities of OPA.

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