scholarly journals Genome organization of the Chelonus inanitus polydnavirus: excision sites, spacers and abundance of proviral and excised segments

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Annaheim ◽  
Beatrice Lanzrein
Keyword(s):  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Opposite Orientation ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Circular Segment ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Terminal Repeats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Segmented Genome ◽  
Combined Data

Polydnaviruses are only found in symbiotic association with parasitic wasps within the families Ichneumonidae and Braconidae (ichnoviruses and bracoviruses). They have a segmented genome consisting of circular double-stranded DNA. In the proviral linear form they are integrated in the wasp's genome; in two bracoviruses, segments were found to be clustered. Proviral segments have direct terminal repeats. Segment excision has been proposed to occur through juxtaposition of these repeats by formation of a loop and recombination; one copy of the repeat then ends up in the circular segment and one in the rejoined DNA. Here we analysed the excision/circularization site of four segments of the Chelonus inanitus bracovirus (CiV) and found that they are similar to the two already known sites; on the basis of the combined data an extended excision site motif was found. Analyses of segment flanking sequences led to the first identification of one complete and several partial spacers between proviral segments in a polydnavirus. The spacer between the proviral segments CiV14 and CiV22.5 has a length of 2065 bp; the terminal repeats of CiV14 and CiV22.5 were seen to have an opposite orientation and from this a model on the spacial organization of the loops of the proviral cluster is proposed. Through various approaches it was shown that spacers are not excised or injected into the host. Measurement of relative abundances of various segments in proviral and excised form indicates for the first time that abundant segments are present in multiple copies in the proviral form.

JUXTAPOSING LITERARY AND DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE: A NEW COPY OF THE SO-CALLED HELIODOROS STELE AND THE CORPUS INSCRIPTIONUM IUDAEAE/PALAESTINAE (CIIP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
HANNAH M. COTTON-PALTIEL ◽  
AVNER ECKER ◽  
DOV GERA
Keyword(s):  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
High Priest ◽  
The Third ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Temple

Abstract This article was prompted by the recent discovery of two more copies of the so-called ‘Heliodoros Stele’ from Maresha. A second one from Byblos was published in 2015. The third one, re-discovered recently and published here for the first time, also comes from Maresha. The steles bear Seleukos IV's epistolary prostagma from 178 bc to his vizier Heliodoros, and forwarded to other officials with the instruction to display it in public. It contains an appointment of one Olympiodoros to be high priest in Koele Syria and Phoenicia. Both Seleukos IV and Heliodoros also appear in the story of the plundering of the Temple related in II Maccabees 3. The existence of multiple copies, though hardly surprising, made us suspect the king's apologetic tone and identify the ‘reform’ as an attempt to embellish the withdrawal of previously bestowed privileges on the Jews (so Josephus) as well as on others.

scholarly journals Linkage and evolutionary diversification of developmentally regulated multigene families: tandem arrays of the 401/18 chorion gene pair in silkmoths.

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 814-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Jones ◽  
F C Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pair ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Chorion Genes ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Silkmoth Chorion

The coordinately expressed silkmoth chorion genes, 401 and 18, are closely linked as a pair, in divergent orientation. Analysis of overlapping clones (chromosomal "walk") demonstrated that each of the multiple copies of this gene pair is embedded within a larger deoxyribonucleic acid unit, which is tandemly repeated in a few arrays or possibly a single array. Southern analysis and examination of clones from a single individual moth demonstrated that the repeat units are extensively polymorphic in restriction sites, length, and possibly number, no differential amplification was evident during choriogenesis. Intron and 5'-flanking sequences were shown to be specific for the 401/18 gene pair and not to be present elsewhere in the genome. The spatial distribution of variations in the genes and their flanking sequences were examined.

The orientation behaviour of multiple chromosome configurations in acridid grasshoppers

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. John
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Robertsonian Fusion ◽  
Orientation Behaviour ◽  
Chiasma Distribution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Combined Data

The existing data on the behaviour of multiple chromosome configurations arising from single interchanges between either metacentric–telocentric or telocentric–telocentric nonhomologues in 10 species of acridid grasshoppers are compared with data from four new cases. Two of these new cases involve metacentric–telocentric exchanges but the other two, for the first time in acridids, deal with a reciprocal translocation between two nonhomologous metacentrics. The combined data are used to evaluate the factors that influence multiple orientation in this family of grasshoppers and reemphasize the importance of chiasma frequency and chiasma distribution for multiple behaviour. This conclusion is reinforced by a consideration of the known cases of chain of three multiples originating from the Robertsonian fusion of nonhomologous telocentrics in acridoids. Key words: acridid grasshoppers, multiple chromosome configurations, chiasma distribution, orientation behaviour.

scholarly journals Cloning, characterization and analysis by RNA interference of various genes of the Chelonus inanitus polydnavirus

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Bonvin ◽  
Dorothee Marti ◽  
Stefan Wyder ◽  
Dejan Kojic ◽  
Marc Annaheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Developmental Arrest ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Segmented Genome

Successful parasitism of some endoparasitic wasps depends on an obligately symbiotic association with polydnaviruses. These unique viruses have a segmented genome consisting of circles of double-stranded (ds) DNA and do not replicate in the parasitized host. They are produced in the wasp's ovary and injected into the host along with the egg. Chelonus inanitus is an egg–larval parasitoid; its polydnavirus (CiV) has been shown to protect the parasitoid larva from the host's immune system and to induce developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. The genome of CiV consists of at least 10–12 segments and five have been sequenced up to now. Here, the complete (CiV12g2) or partial (CiV12g1, CiV16.8g1) cloning of three new CiV genes is reported. All three occur only on one viral segment and have no similarity to other known polydnavirus genes, with the exception of a high similarity of CiV12g1 to CiV14g1 and CiV12g2 to CiV14g2. Furthermore, the first attempt of in vivo application of RNA interference to study the function of polydnavirus genes is shown. Injection of dsRNA of two late- and one early- and late-expressed CiV genes into CiV/venom-containing host eggs partially rescued last-instar larvae from developmental arrest. Injection of the same dsRNAs into parasitized eggs partially reduced parasitoid survival, mainly by preventing the successful emergence of the parasitoid from the host. These viral genes thus seem to be involved in inducing developmental arrest and in keeping the cuticle soft, which appears to be necessary for parasitoid emergence and host feeding.

Art versus Image: The First Amendment versus the Right of Publicity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Fields
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Right Of Publicity ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Tiger Woods ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

This chapter explores Tiger Woods' lawsuit against the artist Rick Rush. In 1997, Woods made history by winning the prestigious Masters tournament for the first time and doing so by a record twelve strokes. Inspired by his victory, Rush created a serigraph of Woods' driving the ball while flanked by his caddie and his opponents' caddie. Floating in the sky above the scene were the faces of Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer, and other legendary golfers. The painting was then reproduced as a lithograph and five thousand copies were offered for sale. When Woods learned of the artwork, he sued Rush for violating his right of publicity. Rush argued that his work was protected under the First Amendment as art, while Woods argued that the work was merely sports merchandise like a poster and that it was subject to the right of publicity. The court agreed with Rush and said that regardless of the multiple copies, it was still art and deserved full First Amendment protection.

scholarly journals Dictyostelium transposable element DIRS-1 preferentially inserts into DIRS-1 sequences.

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 2207-2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cappello ◽  
S M Cohen ◽  
H F Lodish
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Ecori Fragment ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Genomic Clones ◽  
Inverted Orientation ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Sequence analysis of genomic clones containing the intact Dictyostelium transposable element DIRS-1 reveals that in five of six cases DIRS-1 has inserted into other DIRS-1 sequences. The nucleotide sequences just beyond the endpoints of the terminal repeats of five different genomic clones can be aligned with different regions of the internal nucleotide sequence of DIRS-1. In the three genomic clones which contain flanking sequences on both sides of the element, both flanking sequences are homologous with DIRS-1. In one of these clones, both extended flanking sequences represent the full 4.1-kilobase EcoRI fragment of DIRS-1, which has been interrupted by the insertion of an intact DIRS-1 element. There is no duplication or deletion (except possibly 1 base) of the DIRS-1 sequence upon insertion of a second DIRS-1 transposon. DIRS-1-into-DIRS-1 insertions can occur in either a colinear or inverted orientation with respect to the target sequence; the target sequence need not be an intact DIRS-1 element. We also describe a cDNA clone which could be derived by transcription of a sequence that resulted from a DIRS-1-into-DIRS-1 insertion and discuss its significance concerning the function of the heat-shock promoters found in the terminal repeats of DIRS-1 and in other DIRS-1-related sequences.

scholarly journals Discovery of novel representatives of bilaterian neuropeptide families and reconstruction of neuropeptide precursor evolution in ophiuroid echinoderms

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 170129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meet Zandawala ◽  
Ismail Moghul ◽  
Luis Alfonso Yañez Guerra ◽  
Jérôme Delroisse ◽  
Nikara Abylkassimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Transcriptome Sequence Data ◽  
Neuronal Regulation ◽  
Amphiura Filiformis ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Intercellular Signalling ◽  
First Time

Neuropeptides are a diverse class of intercellular signalling molecules that mediate neuronal regulation of many physiological and behavioural processes. Recent advances in genome/transcriptome sequencing are enabling identification of neuropeptide precursor proteins in species from a growing variety of animal taxa, providing new insights into the evolution of neuropeptide signalling. Here, detailed analysis of transcriptome sequence data from three brittle star species, Ophionotus victoriae , Amphiura filiformis and Ophiopsila aranea , has enabled the first comprehensive identification of neuropeptide precursors in the class Ophiuroidea of the phylum Echinodermata. Representatives of over 30 bilaterian neuropeptide precursor families were identified, some of which occur as paralogues. Furthermore, homologues of endothelin/CCHamide, eclosion hormone, neuropeptide-F/Y and nucleobinin/nesfatin were discovered here in a deuterostome/echinoderm for the first time. The majority of ophiuroid neuropeptide precursors contain a single copy of a neuropeptide, but several precursors comprise multiple copies of identical or non-identical, but structurally related, neuropeptides. Here, we performed an unprecedented investigation of the evolution of neuropeptide copy number over a period of approximately 270 Myr by analysing sequence data from over 50 ophiuroid species, with reference to a robust phylogeny. Our analysis indicates that the composition of neuropeptide ‘cocktails’ is functionally important, but with plasticity over long evolutionary time scales.

scholarly journals The Drosophila ACE3 chorion element autonomously induces amplification.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2444-2453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Carminati ◽  
C G Johnston ◽  
T L Orr-Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
P Element ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Control Element ◽  
The Third ◽  
Transposon Insertion ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Flanking Sequences

The Drosophila chorion genes amplify in the follicle cells by repeated rounds of reinitiation of DNA replication. ACE3 (amplification control element from the third chromosome) has been identified by a series of deletion experiments as an important control element for amplification of the third-chromosome chorion cluster. Several elements that quantitatively enhance amplification also have been defined. We show that a single 440-bp ACE3 sequence is sufficient to regulate amplification with proper developmental specificity autonomously from other chorion DNA sequences and regulatory elements. Although ACE3 is sufficient for amplification, the levels of amplification are low even when ACE3 is present in multiple copies. When controlled solely by ACE3, amplification initiates either at ACE3 or within closely linked sequences. Amplification of an ACE3 transposon insertion produces a gradient of amplified DNA that extends into flanking sequences approximately the same distance as does the amplification gradient at the endogenous chorion locus. The profile and extent of the amplified gradient imply that the low levels of amplification observed are the result of limited rounds of initiation of DNA replication. Transposon inserts containing multiple copies of ACE3 in a tandem, head-to-tail array are maintained stably in the chromosome. However, mobilization of the P-element transposons containing ACE3 multimers results in deletions within the array at a high frequency.

scholarly journals Double-stranded gap repair of DNA by gene conversion in Escherichia coli.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 751-757
Author(s):  
I Kobayashi ◽  
N Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Repair Mechanism ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Inverted Orientation ◽  
Plasmid Recombination ◽  
Flanking Sequences

Abstract We demonstrated repair of a double-stranded DNA gap through gene conversion by a homologous DNA sequence in Escherichia coli. We made a double-stranded gap in one of the two regions of homology in an inverted orientation on a plasmid DNA molecule and introduced it into an E. coli strain which has the RecE system of recombination (genotype; sbcA23 recB21 recC22). We detected repair products by genetic selection. The repair products were those expected by the double-strand-gap repair model. Gene conversion was frequently accompanied by crossing over of the flanking sequences as in eukaryotes. This double-strand gap repair mechanism can explain plasmid recombination in the absence of an artificial double-stranded break reported in a companion study by Yamamoto et al.

scholarly journals Broad Geographic and Host Distribution of Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus in South American Native Bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Silvina Quintana ◽  
Gregorio Fernandez de Landa ◽  
Pablo Revainera ◽  
Facundo Meroi ◽  
Leonardo Porrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
N Gene ◽  
South American ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Native Bee ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
First Time

AbstractApis mellifera filamentous virus (AmFV) is a large double stranded DNA virus of honey bees and its prevalence and relationship with other parasites is poorly known. Samples consisted of fifty-one adult bees belonging to eight native species collected using entomological nets in six provinces of Argentina, from 2009 to 2018. Total genomic DNA was extracted from individual bees and a 551 bp fragment of the Bro-N gene of AmFV was amplified by qPCR. In the present work we have reported for the first time both the presence and the wide geographic distribution of AmFV in Argentinian species of native bees. This is the first report of the presence of this virus associated with Xylocopa atamisquensis, X. augusti, X. frontalis, X. spendidula, Bombus pauloensis and Peponapis fervens. Detecting pathogens that could threaten native bee health is of outmost importance to generate both conservation and management strategies.

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