scholarly journals The Effects of the Melatonin Treatment on the Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Diabetic Eye and Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğba Gürpınar ◽  
Nuran Ekerbiçer ◽  
Nazan Uysal ◽  
Turgay Barut ◽  
Figen Tarakçı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Immunohistochemical Methods ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of complications in diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant therapy has been thought to decrease oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of melatonin (MLT) on oxidative stress in diabetic rat eye and brain tissue by using immunohistochemical methods. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, (STZ, 55 mg/kg/i.p) in adult rats. MLT was given 10 mg/kg/i.p once a day for 2 weeks beginning from the sixth week. Six weeks later, rats were divided into three groups: control (CR), STZ-induced diabetic (STZ), and STZ-induced diabetic group received melatonin (STZ+MLT). Although no significant difference was observed with respect to antioxidant status, NOS activity tended to be higher in the untreated diabetic rats than in the treated rats. It was observed that MLT treatment improved the histopathological changes including apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain and eye in diabetic rat.

scholarly journals Liraglutide protects cardiac function in diabetic rats through the PPARα pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Xinhua Xiao ◽  
Jia Zheng ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
High Dose ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Increasing evidence shows that diabetes causes cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesized that a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, liraglutide, would attenuate cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats. A total of 24 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups fed either a normal diet (normal, n=6) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n=18) for 4 weeks. Then, the HFD rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to create a diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were divided into three subgroups receiving vehicle (diabetic, n=6), a low dose of liraglutide (Llirag, 0.2 mg/kg/day, n=6), or a high dose of liraglutide (Hlirag, 0.4 mg/kg/day, n=6). Metabolic parameters, systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular (LV) function, and whole genome expression of the heart were determined. Diabetic rats developed insulin resistance, increased blood lipid levels and oxidative stress, and impaired LV function, serum adiponectin, nitric oxide (NO). Liraglutide improved insulin resistance, serum adiponectin, NO, HR, and LV function and reduced blood triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) levels, and oxidative stress. Moreover, liraglutide increased heart nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3 (Nr1h3), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (Ppar) α (Pparα), and Srebp expression and reduced diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (Dgat) and angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) expression. Liraglutide prevented cardiac dysfunction by activating the PPARα pathway to inhibit Dgat expression and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Alterations in Energy Metabolism, Mitochondrial Function and Redox Homeostasis in GK Diabetic Rat Tissues Treated with Aspirin

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Annie John ◽  
Layla Amiri ◽  
Jasmin Shafarin ◽  
Saeed Tariq ◽  
Ernest Adeghate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Gk Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Our recent studies have demonstrated that aspirin treatment prevents inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced alterations in mitochondrial function, improves glucose tolerance and pancreatic endocrine function and preserves tissue-specific glutathione (GSH)-dependent redox homeostasis in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats. In the current study, we have investigated the mechanism of action of aspirin in maintaining mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox metabolism in the liver and kidneys of GK rats. Aspirin reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress-induced changes in GSH metabolism. Aspirin treatment also improved mitochondrial respiratory function and energy metabolism, in addition to regulating the expression of cell signaling proteins that were altered in diabetic animals. Ultrastructural electron microscopy studies revealed decreased accumulation of glycogen in the liver of aspirin-treated diabetic rats. Hypertrophic podocytes with irregular fusion of foot processes in the renal glomerulus and detached microvilli, condensed nuclei and degenerated mitochondria observed in the proximal convoluted tubules of GK rats were partially restored by aspirin. These results provide additional evidence to support our previous observation of moderation of diabetic complications by aspirin treatment in GK rats and may have implications for cautious use of aspirin in the therapeutic management of diabetes.

Evaluation of oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1751-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Doğan ◽  
Erdal Peker ◽  
Ercan Kirimi ◽  
Ertan Sal ◽  
Sinan Akbayram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and/or kernicterus and to find whether there is a relationship between bilirubin level and oxidant/antioxidant status. Patients: The study includes 69 full-term newborns (neonates with hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy [Group 1, n = 36] and neonates with kernicterus [Group 2, n = 33]) and 25 age-matched healthy newborn. Results: Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum total oxidant status (TOS) were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 than the control group. There was a significant difference between Group 1 and control cases for malondialdehyde (MDA; p < 0.001). Total free sulfhydryl group (TTHI) values were significantly elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and control cases. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between total bilirubin (TB) and TAC, TOS, MDA and oxidative stress index may be expressed by a quadratic curve. After phototherapy, a statistically significant increase in nitrite level was observed. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the relationship between serum TB and antioxidants and oxidative stress could be expressed by a quadratic correlation curve.

scholarly journals Centella asiaticaAttenuates Diabetes Induced Hippocampal Changes in Experimental Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelli Giribabu ◽  
Nelli Srinivasarao ◽  
Somesula Swapna Rekha ◽  
Sekaran Muniandy ◽  
Naguib Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Diabetes mellitus has been reported to affect functions of the hippocampus. We hypothesized thatCentella asiatica, a herb traditionally being used to improve memory, prevents diabetes-related hippocampal dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective role ofC. asiaticaon the hippocampus in diabetes.Methods. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced adult male diabetic rats received 100 and 200 mg/kg/day body weight (b.w)C. asiaticaleaf aqueous extract for four consecutive weeks. Following sacrifice, hippocampus was removed and hippocampal tissue homogenates were analyzed for Na+/K+-, Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATPases activity levels. Levels of the markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α; interleukin, IL-6; and interleukin, IL-1β) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation product: LPO, superoxide dismutase: SOD, catalase: CAT, and glutathione peroxidase: GPx) were determined. The hippocampal sections were visualized for histopathological changes.Results. Administration ofC. asiaticaleaf aqueous extract to diabetic rats maintained near normal ATPases activity levels and prevents the increase in the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus. Lesser signs of histopathological changes were observed in the hippocampus ofC. asiaticaleaf aqueous extract treated diabetic rats.Conclusions.C. asiaticaleaf protects the hippocampus against diabetes-induced dysfunction which could help to preserve memory in this condition.

scholarly journals Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Inhibition Prevents Oxidative Stress in the Kidney of Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Osorio ◽  
Israel Coronel ◽  
Abraham Arellano ◽  
Ursino Pacheco ◽  
Rocío Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibition ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The hyperglycemia triggers several chronic diabetic complications mediated by increased oxidative stress that eventually causes diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine if the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibition prevents the oxidative stress in the kidney of diabetic rats.Methods. The diabetic rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The inhibition of SGLT2 was induced by daily subcutaneous administration of phlorizin (0.4 g/kg). Oxidative stress was assessed by catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and by immunohistochemical analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT).Results. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes caused hyperglycemia and lower body weight. The CAT activity decreased in cortex and medulla from diabetic rats; in contrast, the GPx activity increased. Furthermore the 3-NT staining of kidney from diabetic rats increased compared to control rats. The inhibition of SGLT2 decreased hyperglycemia. However, significant diuresis and glucosuria remain in diabetic rats. The phlorizin treatment restores the CAT and GPX activities and decreases 3-NT staining.Conclusion. The inhibition of SGLT2 by phlorizin prevents the hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in kidney of diabetic rats, suggesting a prooxidative mechanism related to SGLT2 activity.

Effects ofSpirulina platensison lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defenses, and tissue damage in kidney of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Gargouri ◽  
Houda Hamed ◽  
Amel Akrouti ◽  
Xavier Dauvergne ◽  
Christian Magné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes causes free radicals overproduction, which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In modern medicine, no satisfactory therapy is available to cure diabetes mellitus. In that context, we investigated the potential therapeutic action of spirulina-enriched diet on renal impairment and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (120 mg·kg−1) in rats. Following alloxan treatment, male Wistar rats were fed daily with 5% spirulina-enriched diet or treated with insulin (0.5 IU·rat−1) for 3 weeks. Diabetes was associated with hyperglycemia, increase in renal oxidative parameters (lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein products levels, changes in antioxidant enzyme activities), and nephropathology markers. The renal injury induced by alloxan was confirmed by histological study of the diabetic rat kidney. Treatment with spirulina or insulin significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction by reducing oxidative stress, while rats recovered normal kidney histology. Overall, this study indicates that spirulina is efficient in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress induced by diabetes, and suggests that the administration of this alga may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications. This amelioration was even more pronounced than that caused by insulin injection.

scholarly journals Aloe vera extract reduces 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine levels and improves total antioxidants in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Wulan Christijanti ◽  
Aditya Marianti ◽  
Wiwi Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Antioxidant

<p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by lack of insulin production in the pancreas or by insulin resistance, the disease being characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia in diabetes could lead to oxidative stress due to the rise in 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels and the decrease in levels of total antioxidant status (TAS). The purpose of this study was to assess the effect <em>Aloe vera </em>extract on 8-oxo-dG level and total antioxidant status in diabetic rat testis.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong></p><p>This was an experimental laboratory study with 20 rat samples which were divided into 4 groups (1 control group and 3 treatment groups). Diabetes was induced in the rats by streptozotocin (STZ) at 65 mg/kgBW. The diabetic rats were then treated for 28 days with <em>Aloe vera</em> extract at 0 mg (P0), 200 mg rind (P1), 200 mg pulp (P2), respectively. The level of 8 -oxo-dG was measured by ELISA and total antioxidant status with 2,2' -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS). Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Least Significant Difference Advanced Test at P&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Results</strong></p><p>8-Oxo-dG levels were significantly different between the control group and both P0 and P2, but not between the control group and P1. Among the treatment groups the 8-oxo-dG levels were significantly different. Mean total antioxidant status was significantly different between control and treatment groups, and also between treatment groups (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p><p><em>Aloe vera</em> extract reduced free radicals (level of 8-oxo-dG) and increased the total antioxidant status in diabetic rat testis.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Teucrium leucocladum: An Effective Tool for the Treatment of Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Najlaa Bassalat ◽  
Sibel Taş ◽  
Nidal Jaradat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Teucrium leucocladum is among the most used traditional medicinal plants in Palestine, which is used for the treatment of hyperglycemia and colon spasms from ancient times. Therefore, the current investigation aimed for the first time to determine the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and oxidative stress inhibitory effects of the aerial parts (stem and leaves) of T. leucocladum hydrophilic (water) extract in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats (65 mg/kg), given intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg for 21 days. The rats were divided into four groups as control (C), control + T. leucocladum extract (C + TL), diabetes (D), and diabetes + T. leucocladum extract (D + TL). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and in vivo methods by measuring the plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using a colorimetric assay. On the other hand, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels, serum paraoxonase (PON), and arylesterase (ARE) enzyme activities were assessed by utilizing standard biochemical kits. Besides, the blood glucose and serum insulin levels were assessed by a glucometer and Rat ELISA Kit, respectively. However, the autoanalyzer was used to evaluate the lipid profile. The diabetic rat group that administered T. leucocladum extract showed the best reduction in the tissue and plasma MDA levels and an increase of insulin-releasing potentials. Besides, the serum PON and ARE activities and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and whole blood glutathione peroxidase enzyme levels were significantly increased in all animals treated with T. leucocladum extract. The current investigation demonstrated that T. leucocladum manifests antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects and also increased the antioxidative defense system and reduced the lipid peroxidation process in experimental diabetic rats.

Evaluation of 4-methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl) amino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid against hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress-induced inflammatory responses and β-cell damage in the pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
YN Paudel ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
S Bawa ◽  
S Shah ◽  
M Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

4-Methyl-2-[(2-methylbenzyl) amino]-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid (bioactive compound (BAC)), a novel thiazole derivative, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor and free radical scavenging agent. Effects of BAC on hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators were evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced neonatal models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats where NIDDM was induced in neonatal pups with single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (100 mg/kg). The effect of BAC (10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) for 3 weeks was evaluated by the determination of blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c level, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, and insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) and oxidative stress were estimated in serum and pancreatic tissue, respectively. Significant alteration in the level of blood glucose, OGTT, HbA1c, insulin level, insulin sensitivity, in addition variation in the antioxidant status and inflammatory mediators, and alteration in histoarchitecture of pancreatic tissue confirmed the potential of BAC in STZ-induced neonatal models of NIDDM rats. Pretreatment with BAC restored the level of glucose by decreasing the IR and increasing the insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, BAC balanced the antioxidant status and preserved the inflammatory mediators. Histological studies of pancreatic tissues showed normal architecture after BAC administration to diabetic rats. Altogether, our results suggest that BAC successfully reduces the blood glucose level and possesses antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory activities. This leads to decreased histological damage in diabetic pancreatic tissues, suggesting the possibility of future diabetes treatments.

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